diff --git a/scripts/common.py b/scripts/common.py
index 9db5d4f3..18778d5b 100644
--- a/scripts/common.py
+++ b/scripts/common.py
@@ -116,6 +116,30 @@ def _casefold_name_index(by_name: dict) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
     return folded
 
 
+def name_match_size_ok(file_entry: dict, candidate_size: int | None) -> bool:
+    """Whether a candidate found by name may be the file the entry describes.
+
+    Generic filenames collide across systems: rom1.bin is a Sony PlayStation 2
+    firmware and a Roland SC-55mk2 program ROM. A name carries no evidence on
+    its own, so a size the emulator verifies settles it. A size declared
+    without ``validation: [size]`` is informative and rejects nothing.
+    """
+    validation = file_entry.get("validation")
+    if isinstance(validation, dict):
+        validation = validation.get("core", [])
+    if "size" not in (validation or []) or candidate_size is None:
+        return True
+    declared = file_entry.get("size")
+    if declared is not None:
+        allowed = declared if isinstance(declared, list) else [declared]
+        return candidate_size in allowed
+    low = file_entry.get("min_size")
+    high = file_entry.get("max_size")
+    if low is not None and candidate_size < low:
+        return False
+    return not (high is not None and candidate_size > high)
+
+
 def md5_composite(filepath: str | Path) -> str:
     """Compute composite MD5 of a ZIP - matches Recalbox's Zip::Md5Composite().
 
@@ -521,11 +545,16 @@ def resolve_local_file(
                             return path, "md5_exact"
 
     # 3. No MD5 = any file with that name or alias (existence check)
+    def _size_ok(match_sha1: str) -> bool:
+        return name_match_size_ok(
+            file_entry, files_db.get(match_sha1, {}).get("size")
+        )
+
     if not md5_list:
         candidates = []
         for try_name in names_to_try:
             for match_sha1 in by_name.get(try_name, []):
-                if match_sha1 in files_db:
+                if match_sha1 in files_db and _size_ok(match_sha1):
                     path = files_db[match_sha1]["path"]
                     if os.path.exists(path) and path not in candidates:
                         candidates.append(path)
@@ -537,7 +566,7 @@ def resolve_local_file(
             folded = _casefold_name_index(by_name)
             for try_name in names_to_try:
                 for match_sha1 in folded.get(try_name.casefold(), []):
-                    if match_sha1 in files_db:
+                    if match_sha1 in files_db and _size_ok(match_sha1):
                         path = files_db[match_sha1]["path"]
                         if os.path.exists(path) and path not in candidates:
                             candidates.append(path)
diff --git a/scripts/cross_reference.py b/scripts/cross_reference.py
index 49c79a1c..853abd96 100644
--- a/scripts/cross_reference.py
+++ b/scripts/cross_reference.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from common import (
     load_database,
     load_emulator_profiles,
     load_platform_config,
+    name_match_size_ok,
     require_yaml,
 )
 
@@ -113,24 +114,44 @@ def _resolve_source(
     by_name_lower: dict[str, str],
     data_names: set[str] | None = None,
     by_path_suffix: dict | None = None,
+    file_entry: dict | None = None,
+    db_files: dict | None = None,
 ) -> str | None:
     """Return the source category for a file, or None if not found.
 
     Returns ``"bios"`` (in database.json / bios/), ``"data"`` (in data/),
     or ``None`` (not available anywhere).
+
+    A name hit whose size contradicts a size the emulator verifies is not the
+    file, so it does not count as available.
     """
+
+    def _name_hit(name: str) -> bool:
+        """Whether the files indexed under *name* can be this entry."""
+        if not file_entry or db_files is None:
+            return True
+        sha1s = by_name.get(name) or []
+        if not isinstance(sha1s, list):
+            sha1s = [sha1s]
+        return any(
+            name_match_size_ok(file_entry, db_files.get(sha1, {}).get("size"))
+            for sha1 in sha1s
+        )
+
     # bios/ via database.json by_name
-    if fname in by_name:
+    if fname in by_name and _name_hit(fname):
         return "bios"
     stripped = fname.rstrip("/")
     basename = stripped.rsplit("/", 1)[-1] if "/" in stripped else None
-    if basename and basename in by_name:
+    if basename and basename in by_name and _name_hit(basename):
         return "bios"
     key = fname.lower()
-    if key in by_name_lower:
+    if key in by_name_lower and _name_hit(by_name_lower[key]):
         return "bios"
     if basename:
-        if basename.lower() in by_name_lower:
+        if basename.lower() in by_name_lower and _name_hit(
+            by_name_lower[basename.lower()]
+        ):
             return "bios"
     # bios/ via by_path_suffix (regional variants)
     if by_path_suffix and fname in by_path_suffix:
@@ -300,14 +321,15 @@ def cross_reference(
                 source = "large_file"
             else:
                 source = _resolve_source(
-                    fname, by_name, by_name_lower, data_names, by_path_suffix
+                    fname, by_name, by_name_lower, data_names, by_path_suffix,
+                    f, db_files,
                 )
                 if source is None:
                     path_field = f.get("path", "")
                     if path_field and path_field != fname:
                         source = _resolve_source(
                             path_field, by_name, by_name_lower,
-                            data_names, by_path_suffix,
+                            data_names, by_path_suffix, f, db_files,
                         )
                 # Try MD5 hash match
                 if source is None: