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feat: profile cspect
ZX Spectrum Next emulator, read from its own distribution.
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Abdessamad Derraz committed
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emulator: CSpect
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type: standalone
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core_classification: other
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source: "https://mdf200.itch.io/cspect"
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upstream: "https://mdf200.itch.io/cspect"
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profiled_date: "2026-08-11"
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core_version: "3.3.1.0"
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display_name: "Sinclair - ZX Spectrum Next (#CSpect)"
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verification: existence
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cores: [cspect]
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systems:
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- sinclair-zx-spectrum-next
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- sinclair-zx-spectrum
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notes: |
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ZX Spectrum Next emulator, assembler and debugger for Windows, macOS and
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Linux, written in C# against .NET Framework 4.8 and run under Mono elsewhere.
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It is closed source and shipped as a zip from its itch.io page, so every
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reference below names a method and an IL offset in the CSpect.exe of 3.3.1.0.
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Type and member names in that build are obfuscated and the string literals sit
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XOR encoded in one 18146 byte blob, decoded at class load by b[i] ^ i ^ 0xAA.
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ref: CSpect.exe 3.3.1.0, ReadMe.txt:9-12
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The machine carries no built-in ROM. A cold reset either loads the Next ROMs
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or allocates them zero filled, 65536 bytes for the ROM banks and 8192 each for
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the DivMMC and Multiface ROMs. The loading branch runs when the Next ROM flag
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is set, which -nextrom and -fw do, which -mmc= does when its argument is an
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existing file, and which a positional argument does when it opens as a FAT
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image.
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ref: CSpect.exe 3.3.1.0 a.H::A(bool) IL_01fe-IL_023c, A.h::A(string[])
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IL_012b-IL_0197, A.h::A(string[]) IL_0697-IL_070e, A.h::a(string[])
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IL_0136-IL_0165
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The ROMs live inside the SD card image, not beside the executable. e() opens
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the image through SDCardAccess.SDCard.Open and pulls each ROM out with
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SDCard.LoadFile, whose directory walk lowercases both sides of the comparison,
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so the spelling of these paths carries no weight. Memory pages enNextZX.rom as
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four 16K banks and the other two as their first 8192 bytes.
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ref: CSpect.exe 3.3.1.0 a.H::e() IL_000b-IL_00f7, a.H::N(int32)
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IL_0051-IL_00b1, SDCardAccess.dll SDCard.cs:457-490, SDCard.cs:624-635
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ES-DE launches it as mono CSpect.exe -zxnext -mmc=./ <rom> from the game
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folder. An -mmc= naming a directory leaves the Next ROM flag clear, so the
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.nex file runs against the zero filled banks while the bundled esxDOS plugin
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answers RST $08 out of that directory.
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ref: es_systems.xml zxnext, A.h::A(string[]) IL_0697-IL_06f7, esxDOS.dll
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CRST8.cs:940-1020
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A positional argument that ends in none of nex, sna, snx, rom or fw and does
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not open as a FAT image is taken for a missing card: CSpect offers to fetch
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one, reads https://zxnext.uk/hosted/ for the first href holding 8gb, unzips it
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and copies the single .img inside to the requested path. A .rom argument is
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read into a 128 KB buffer entered at 0x6000 instead, and a .fw argument is
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unpacked through the TBBLUE.FW header.
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ref: A.h::a(string[]) IL_0104-IL_0165, A.h::b(string), A.h::B(string, string),
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a.d::C(string)
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What CSpect writes rather than reads: cspect_win.dat under -r for the window
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placement, cspect.log for the session log, the F5 screenshots, and the -wad=
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container under LocalApplicationData/CSpect, which is created when it does not
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exist. The debugger reads the symbol and map files that -map=, -zmap=, -clst=,
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-z88dk and -pasta80 name, all of them output of the user's own assembler. The
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Windows build probes its audio runtime with LoadLibrary("openal32.dll") and
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offers to run the bundled oalinst.exe when that answers zero.
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ref: B.E::e(), B.E::E(), a.V::.ctor(string), A.Y::A(), A.g::A(),
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A.h::a(string[]) IL_02e6-IL_0330
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files:
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- name: enNextZX.rom
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path: "machines/next/enNextZX.rom"
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system: sinclair-zx-spectrum-next
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required: true
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min_size: 65536
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description: "NextZXOS and BASIC ROM"
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note: >-
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Paged as four 16K banks, so anything shorter than 65536 bytes leaves the
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top bank unreadable. The image failing to hold it ends the process through
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Environment.FailFast. Bytes 6 and 7 carry the NextZXOS version as
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b[6] + ((b[7] & 0x0f) << 8), and a value of 518 or less clears the flag
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that arms a per instruction hook.
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source_ref: "CSpect.exe 3.3.1.0 a.H::e() IL_00bd-IL_00c9, a.H::e() IL_0102-IL_0149, a.H::N(int32) IL_0051-IL_0086, A.h::a(string[]) IL_0637-IL_0644"
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- name: enNxtmmc.rom
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path: "machines/next/enNxtmmc.rom"
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system: sinclair-zx-spectrum-next
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required: true
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min_size: 8192
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description: "DivMMC ROM, the esxDOS layer over the SD card"
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note: >-
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Read into the 8K DivMMC bank. Its absence ends the process through the
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same Environment.FailFast as enNextZX.rom, except under -fw, where the
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test is skipped because TBBLUE.FW replaces both reads.
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source_ref: "CSpect.exe 3.3.1.0 a.H::e() IL_00da-IL_00e6, a.H::e() IL_010a-IL_012e, a.H::N(int32) IL_0087-IL_0097"
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- name: enNextMf.rom
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path: "machines/next/enNextMf.rom"
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system: sinclair-zx-spectrum-next
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required: false
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min_size: 8192
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aliases: ["enNextMF.rom"]
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description: "Multiface ROM"
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note: >-
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Read into the 8K Multiface bank with no test of any kind, so a card
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without it boots and runs. The bank read indexes the array directly,
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which faults the moment the Multiface is paged in.
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source_ref: "CSpect.exe 3.3.1.0 a.H::e() IL_00eb-IL_00f7, a.H::N(int32) IL_00a1-IL_00b1"
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- name: TBBLUE.FW
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path: "TBBLUE.FW"
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system: sinclair-zx-spectrum-next
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required: false
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description: "FPGA core firmware"
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note: >-
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Read from the root of the card under -fw only, in place of the three ROMs.
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Word 0 of its header gives the payload offset as (n + 1) * 512 and word 1
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the payload length as n * 512, and those bytes are written to memory from
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0x6000. A .fw file named on the command line takes the same route.
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source_ref: "CSpect.exe 3.3.1.0 a.H::e() IL_0016-IL_00bb, A.h::A(string[]) IL_0164-IL_0197, a.d::C(string)"
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- name: "<sdcard>.img"
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system: sinclair-zx-spectrum-next
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required: true
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description: "ZX Spectrum Next SD card image"
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unsourceable: >-
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A FAT image the user builds or downloads, under whatever name is passed to
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-mmc= or given as the positional argument. CSpect fetches the current one
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from https://zxnext.uk/hosted/ on demand, and the machine writes to it.
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note: >-
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The only route to the ROMs above. SDCard.Open reads its MBR and boot
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sector, which is also the test that decides whether a positional argument
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is a card or a game, and the DivMMC opens the same path read write as its
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card. A second image mounts on the second slot through -sd2=.
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source_ref: "CSpect.exe 3.3.1.0 a.H::e() IL_000b-IL_0015, A.h::A(string) IL_0000-IL_0074, A.h::A(string[]) IL_0697-IL_0778, B.R::.ctor(string), SDCardAccess.dll SDCard.cs:600-635"
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