diff --git a/scripts/check_freshness.py b/scripts/check_freshness.py
index 604fcfcb..ed6c3b52 100644
--- a/scripts/check_freshness.py
+++ b/scripts/check_freshness.py
@@ -1253,6 +1253,8 @@ def check_profiles(run: bool, offline: bool) -> list[Finding]:
         "--all",
         "--json",
         "--check-version",
+        "--detect-new-files",
+        "--watch-hashes",
     ]
     if offline:
         cmd.append("--offline")
@@ -1273,7 +1275,9 @@ def summarize_profile_sync(report: object) -> list[Finding]:
     The JSON carries the ref verdicts and the pin against the tip. A profile
     whose refs need review is stale, one the forge could not serve is unknown,
     and one whose upstream moved while every ref still anchors is reported as
-    such without being counted as stale.
+    such without being counted as stale. A cited file that gained a file name
+    since the pin, or a hash the profile does not declare, is stale too: the
+    upstream may load a file the profile does not document.
     """
     if not isinstance(report, list):
         return [Finding("profiles", "profile_sync", ERROR, detail="report is not a list")]
@@ -1303,7 +1307,18 @@ def summarize_profile_sync(report: object) -> list[Finding]:
             continue
         review = row.get("needs_review") or 0
         pin, head = str(row.get("pin") or ""), str(row.get("head") or "")
-        if review:
+        added = sorted({
+            str(item.get("name"))
+            for item in row.get("new_files") or ()
+            if isinstance(item, dict) and item.get("since_pin")
+        })
+        hashes = len(row.get("new_hashes") or ())
+        reasons = [f"{review} refs to review"] if review else []
+        if added:
+            reasons.append(f"new file names since the pin: {', '.join(added)}")
+        if hashes:
+            reasons.append(f"{hashes} undeclared hashes added since the pin")
+        if reasons:
             findings.append(
                 Finding(
                     "profiles",
@@ -1311,7 +1326,7 @@ def summarize_profile_sync(report: object) -> list[Finding]:
                     STALE,
                     local=pin[:8],
                     remote=head[:8],
-                    detail=f"{review} refs to review",
+                    detail=", ".join(reasons),
                 )
             )
         elif pin and head and pin != head:
diff --git a/scripts/profile_sync.py b/scripts/profile_sync.py
index 802cadd7..bec43bcc 100644
--- a/scripts/profile_sync.py
+++ b/scripts/profile_sync.py
@@ -966,6 +966,14 @@ class ProfileReport:
     # release, kept on the report so every output carries it.
     version: VersionReport | None = None
     version_warning: str | None = None
+    # --detect-new-files and --watch-hashes, kept on the report so --json
+    # carries them to check_freshness. None when not asked. A new file is
+    # {path, line, name, since_pin}: since_pin when the pinned revision of
+    # the same file does not carry the name. A new hash is {path, kind, value}.
+    new_files: list[dict] | None = None
+    new_files_elided: dict[str, int] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    new_hashes: list[dict] | None = None
+    detection_skipped: str | None = None
 
     # Skips that say the profile cannot be checked as written: a repository
     # that no longer answers, no pin to read, a death the forge contradicts.
@@ -3756,37 +3764,84 @@ def _cited_paths(report: ProfileReport) -> list[str]:
     )
 
 
-def _print_detection(
+def _attach_detection(
+    args: argparse.Namespace, profile: dict, report: ProfileReport
+) -> None:
+    """Record undeclared names and hashes of the cited files on the report.
+
+    Kept on the report rather than printed, so --json carries them as the
+    text report does. A forge that refuses is named on the report: the ref
+    report already muted it, and one refusal must not end a pass over every
+    profile. A quota signal still stops everything.
+    """
+    if not report.head or not (args.detect_new_files or args.watch_hashes):
+        return
+    repo = select_repo(profile)
+    if repo is None:
+        return
+    try:
+        _detect(args, profile, report, repo)
+    except upstream.RateLimitError:
+        raise
+    except upstream.UpstreamError as exc:
+        report.detection_skipped = str(exc)
+
+
+def _detect(
     args: argparse.Namespace, profile: dict, report: ProfileReport,
     repo: upstream.Repo,
 ) -> None:
     names, hashes = declared_names(profile), declared_hashes(profile)
+    new_files: list[dict] = []
+    new_hashes: list[dict] = []
     for path in _cited_paths(report):
         head_lines = upstream.fetch_file(
             repo, report.head, path, args.cache_dir, args.offline
         )
         if head_lines is None:
             continue
+        pin_lines = (
+            upstream.fetch_file(repo, report.pin, path, args.cache_dir, args.offline)
+            or []
+        )
         if args.detect_new_files:
             found, elided = detect_new_files(head_lines, names)
-            for number, name in found:
-                print(f"  new file: {path}:{number}  {name}")
-            if elided:
-                print(f"  new file: {elided} further matches not shown")
-        if args.watch_hashes:
-            pin_lines = (
-                upstream.fetch_file(
-                    repo, report.pin, path, args.cache_dir, args.offline
-                )
-                or []
+            at_pin = {
+                name.casefold()
+                for _, name in detect_new_files(pin_lines, names, cap=sys.maxsize)[0]
+            }
+            new_files.extend(
+                {"path": path, "line": number, "name": name,
+                 "since_pin": name.casefold() not in at_pin}
+                for number, name in found
             )
+            if elided:
+                report.new_files_elided[path] = elided
+        if args.watch_hashes:
             added = [
                 line
                 for line in difflib.unified_diff(pin_lines, head_lines, n=0)
                 if line.startswith("+") and not line.startswith("+++")
             ]
-            for kind, value in watch_hashes(added, hashes):
-                print(f"  new {kind}: {path}  {value}")
+            new_hashes.extend(
+                {"path": path, "kind": kind, "value": value}
+                for kind, value in watch_hashes(added, hashes)
+            )
+    if args.detect_new_files:
+        report.new_files = new_files
+    if args.watch_hashes:
+        report.new_hashes = new_hashes
+
+
+def _print_detection(report: ProfileReport) -> None:
+    if report.detection_skipped:
+        print(f"  extras skipped: {report.detection_skipped}")
+    for item in report.new_files or ():
+        print(f"  new file: {item['path']}:{item['line']}  {item['name']}")
+    for path, elided in report.new_files_elided.items():
+        print(f"  new file: {path}: {elided} further matches not shown")
+    for item in report.new_hashes or ():
+        print(f"  new {item['kind']}: {item['path']}  {item['value']}")
 
 
 def _attach_version(
@@ -3820,13 +3875,8 @@ def _print_extras(
     instead of ending a pass over every profile. A quota signal still
     stops everything.
     """
-    wants = (
-        args.detect_new_files
-        or args.watch_hashes
-        or args.full_diff
-        or args.tree_diff
-    )
-    if not wants or not report.head:
+    _print_detection(report)
+    if not (args.full_diff or args.tree_diff) or not report.head:
         return
     repo = select_repo(profile)
     if repo is None:
@@ -3843,8 +3893,6 @@ def _print_extras_from(
     args: argparse.Namespace, profile: dict, report: ProfileReport,
     repo: upstream.Repo,
 ) -> None:
-    if args.detect_new_files or args.watch_hashes:
-        _print_detection(args, profile, report, repo)
     if args.full_diff:
         for path in _cited_paths(report):
             if args.ref and args.ref not in path:
@@ -3991,13 +4039,15 @@ def _refuse_flag_combinations(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
     ]
     # The version check lives on the report, so the outputs built from the
     # report (text, --json, --markdown) carry it. A URL list and a ranking
-    # do not.
+    # do not. Detection lives on the report too, and --json carries it for
+    # check_freshness; the markdown table has no column for it.
     lists_only = args.fetch_plan or args.triage
+    off_json = lists_only or args.markdown
     extras = [
         flag for flag, on in (
             ("--check-version", args.check_version and lists_only),
-            ("--detect-new-files", args.detect_new_files),
-            ("--watch-hashes", args.watch_hashes),
+            ("--detect-new-files", args.detect_new_files and off_json),
+            ("--watch-hashes", args.watch_hashes and off_json),
             ("--full-diff", args.full_diff),
             ("--tree-diff", args.tree_diff),
         ) if on
@@ -4094,6 +4144,7 @@ def main() -> None:
                 profile["version_source"].get("no_genuine_copy") or "") or None
         if args.check_version:
             _attach_version(args, profile, report)
+        _attach_detection(args, profile, report)
         reports.append(report)
         if writes:
             try:
diff --git a/tests/test_check_freshness.py b/tests/test_check_freshness.py
index 664fc636..d99e330b 100644
--- a/tests/test_check_freshness.py
+++ b/tests/test_check_freshness.py
@@ -388,6 +388,29 @@ class ProfileSummaryTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertNotIn("a", by_subject)
         self.assertNotIn("b", by_subject)
 
+    def test_new_upstream_names_and_hashes_are_stale(self):
+        """A file name the cited code gained since the pin, or a hash nobody
+        declares, was printed only by the text pass that --profiles never ran."""
+        report = [
+            {"name": "a", "pin": "1" * 40, "head": "2" * 40, "needs_review": 0,
+             "new_files": [
+                 {"path": "x.c", "line": 4, "name": "old.rom", "since_pin": False},
+                 {"path": "x.c", "line": 9, "name": "new.rom", "since_pin": True},
+             ], "new_hashes": []},
+            {"name": "b", "pin": "1" * 40, "head": "2" * 40, "needs_review": 0,
+             "new_files": [], "new_hashes": [{"path": "x.c", "kind": "md5", "value": "0" * 32}]},
+            {"name": "c", "pin": "1" * 40, "head": "2" * 40, "needs_review": 0,
+             "new_files": [
+                 {"path": "x.c", "line": 4, "name": "old.rom", "since_pin": False},
+             ], "new_hashes": []},
+        ]
+        by_subject = {f.subject: f for f in cf.summarize_profile_sync(report)}
+        self.assertEqual(by_subject["a"].status, cf.STALE)
+        self.assertIn("new.rom", by_subject["a"].detail)
+        self.assertNotIn("old.rom", by_subject["a"].detail)
+        self.assertEqual(by_subject["b"].status, cf.STALE)
+        self.assertNotIn("c", by_subject)
+
     def test_profile_sync_accepts_the_command_it_is_given(self):
         """--json with the detection flags was refused, so --profiles read an
         empty stdout and reported "unreadable report" on every run."""
diff --git a/tests/test_profile_sync.py b/tests/test_profile_sync.py
index 576796db..11dd3bd9 100644
--- a/tests/test_profile_sync.py
+++ b/tests/test_profile_sync.py
@@ -2023,13 +2023,42 @@ class TestExtrasSurviveARefusingForge(unittest.TestCase):
 
         upstream.fetch_file = refuse
         try:
+            report = _sample_report()
+            profile_sync._attach_detection(self._args(), self._profile(), report)
             buffer = io.StringIO()
             with contextlib.redirect_stdout(buffer):
-                profile_sync._print_extras(self._args(), self._profile(), _sample_report())
+                profile_sync._print_extras(self._args(), self._profile(), report)
         finally:
             upstream.fetch_file = original
+        self.assertEqual(report.detection_skipped, "https://x/y: HTTP 403")
         self.assertIn("extras skipped: https://x/y: HTTP 403", buffer.getvalue())
 
+    def test_detection_lands_on_the_report(self):
+        """A name the pinned file already carried is listed, but only a name
+        the pin did not carry is new since the pin."""
+        files = {
+            "pinsha0000": ['load("old.rom");'],
+            "headsha000": ['load("old.rom");', 'load("added.rom"); /* 0xdeadbeef */'],
+        }
+        original = upstream.fetch_file
+        upstream.fetch_file = lambda repo, rev, path, *a, **k: files[rev]
+        args = self._args()
+        args.watch_hashes = True
+        report = _sample_report()
+        try:
+            profile_sync._attach_detection(args, self._profile(), report)
+        finally:
+            upstream.fetch_file = original
+        by_name = {(i["path"], i["name"]): i["since_pin"] for i in report.new_files}
+        self.assertEqual(
+            by_name,
+            {("a.c", "old.rom"): False, ("a.c", "added.rom"): True,
+             ("b.c", "old.rom"): False, ("b.c", "added.rom"): True},
+        )
+        self.assertIn(
+            {"path": "a.c", "kind": "crc32", "value": "deadbeef"}, report.new_hashes
+        )
+
     def test_a_quota_signal_still_stops_the_pass(self):
         original = upstream.fetch_file
 
@@ -2039,7 +2068,9 @@ class TestExtrasSurviveARefusingForge(unittest.TestCase):
         upstream.fetch_file = quota
         try:
             with self.assertRaises(upstream.RateLimitError):
-                profile_sync._print_extras(self._args(), self._profile(), _sample_report())
+                profile_sync._attach_detection(
+                    self._args(), self._profile(), _sample_report()
+                )
         finally:
             upstream.fetch_file = original
 
@@ -4112,11 +4143,35 @@ class TestOutputModesApplyTheirFlags(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn("clean", out)
         self.assertIn("prose under an older pin", out)
 
-    def test_extras_are_refused_with_json(self):
-        code, _, err = self._main("--json", "--detect-new-files")
+    def test_diffs_are_refused_with_json(self):
+        code, _, err = self._main("--json", "--full-diff")
+        self.assertEqual(code, 1)
+        self.assertIn("--full-diff", err)
+
+    def test_markdown_refuses_detection(self):
+        code, _, err = self._main("--markdown", "--detect-new-files")
         self.assertEqual(code, 1)
         self.assertIn("--detect-new-files", err)
 
+    def test_json_carries_detection(self):
+        """check_freshness reads --json: a new upstream file or hash printed
+        only in the text report stayed a human reading."""
+        from unittest import mock
+
+        def detect(args, profile, report):
+            report.new_files = [
+                {"path": "a.c", "line": 3, "name": "new.rom", "since_pin": True}
+            ]
+            report.new_hashes = [{"path": "a.c", "kind": "md5", "value": "0" * 32}]
+
+        with mock.patch.object(profile_sync, "_attach_detection", side_effect=detect):
+            code, out, err = self._main("--json", "--detect-new-files", "--watch-hashes")
+        self.assertEqual(code, 0, err)
+        rows = json.loads(out)
+        self.assertEqual(rows[0]["new_files"][0]["name"], "new.rom")
+        self.assertTrue(rows[0]["new_files"][0]["since_pin"])
+        self.assertEqual(rows[0]["new_hashes"][0]["kind"], "md5")
+
     def test_json_carries_the_version_check(self):
         """check_freshness asks for --json --check-version: refused, its
         profile row read an empty report as unreadable on every run."""
diff --git a/wiki/tools.md b/wiki/tools.md
index 5a42d3ac..d01a2f9c 100644
--- a/wiki/tools.md
+++ b/wiki/tools.md
@@ -527,8 +527,11 @@ reported as `RENAMED` so `--rebase-refs` cleans the profile.
 `--check-version` compares `core_version` with the latest upstream tag and
 release. `--detect-new-files` lists filename literals at HEAD the profile
 does not declare. `--watch-hashes` lists hash literals added upstream that
-match no entry. `--tree-diff` shows added, removed and renamed files in the
-directories the refs point at.
+match no entry. Both land in the `--json` report (`new_files`, with
+`since_pin` true for a name the pinned file did not carry, and
+`new_hashes`), which `check_freshness.py --profiles` reads: a name gained
+since the pin or an undeclared hash makes the profile stale. `--tree-diff`
+shows added, removed and renamed files in the directories the refs point at.
 
 Writes are explicit and mechanical only. `--backfill-commits` fills a
 missing `source_commit`, `--rebase-refs` recales `SHIFTED` and `RENAMED`