diff --git a/tests/campaign/oracle.yml b/tests/campaign/oracle.yml
index 10e10f538..cafaf7391 100644
--- a/tests/campaign/oracle.yml
+++ b/tests/campaign/oracle.yml
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 #               retro_get_system_info gives): the reference frames a run with
 #               the full BIOS set reaches. Each was recorded once
 #               (`recorded_from`, the record id) and reviewed by looking at its
-#               PNG. `stage: bios` is a screen only the console's own BIOS
+#               PNG, from the variant `variant` names when that run was a
+#               check. `stage: bios` is a screen only the console's own BIOS
 #               draws, `stage: game` a screen of the content. A run that reaches
 #               one of them boots.
 # error_patterns  log lines after which a core stops, read from its source
@@ -73,6 +74,15 @@ cores:
       - pattern: '^BIOS file ".*" could not be fully read'
         source_ref: mednafen/ss/ss.c:1978-1983 at 2ce77e20
     error_screens: []
+  "pcsx2":
+    note: >-
+      PCSX2 standalone (scripts/standalone_probe.py). Without a BIOS it shows a
+      dialog and runs nothing: the dialog is its error screen, captured as the
+      1280x720 root window.
+    error_patterns: []
+    error_screens:
+      - sha1: 46329c633ea7d0b63349261e4aab169e4f44d3f6
+        shows: the dialog "PCSX2 requires a PlayStation 2 BIOS in order to run"
   "PCSX1":
     note: An HLE BIOS stands in when none is found, and the run logs nothing about it.
     error_patterns: []
diff --git a/tests/test_core_probe.py b/tests/test_core_probe.py
index 12795cb5e..4270c7da6 100644
--- a/tests/test_core_probe.py
+++ b/tests/test_core_probe.py
@@ -286,6 +286,50 @@ class OracleTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(core_probe.oracle_for(data, "b" * 40, "Fake")["references"], [])
         self.assertEqual(core_probe.oracle_for(data, "a" * 40, "Nobody")["error_patterns"], ["shared"])
 
+    def test_every_reference_judges_its_own_record_a_boot(self) -> None:
+        """Each reference block names the run it was taken from: judged
+        again with the oracle as it stands, every repetition of that run
+        boots, so a frame copied wrong or a stage mislabelled fails here."""
+        data, _ = core_probe.load_oracle(core_probe.DEFAULT_ORACLE)
+        records = {s.record["id"]: s.record for s in measurement_records.read_records(REPO_ROOT)}
+        checked = 0
+        for item in data.get("content") or ():
+            for library, block in item["references"].items():
+                record = records.get(block["recorded_from"])
+                self.assertIsNotNone(record, f"{item['name']} on {library}: {block['recorded_from']}")
+                self.assertEqual(record["inputs"]["content"]["sha1"], item["sha1"], item["name"])
+                # A check names the variant that ran the full set, a run has one.
+                label = block.get("variant")
+                chosen = next(v for v in record["variants"] if v["label"] == label) if label \
+                    else record["variants"][0]
+                for rep in chosen["repetitions"]:
+                    oracle = core_probe.oracle_for(data, item["sha1"], rep["library_name"])
+                    verdict, evidence = core_probe.judge(rep, oracle)
+                    self.assertEqual(verdict, "boots", f"{item['name']} on {library}: {evidence}")
+                    checked += 1
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(checked, 2 * 14)
+
+    def test_the_repository_error_patterns_and_screens(self) -> None:
+        data, _ = core_probe.load_oracle(core_probe.DEFAULT_ORACLE)
+        saturn = core_probe.oracle_for(data, None, "Beetle Saturn")
+        for line in ('Cannot open BIOS file "/system/sega_101.bin".',
+                     'BIOS file "/system/sega_101.bin" is of an incorrect size.',
+                     'BIOS file "/system/sega_101.bin" could not be fully read (short or failed read).'):
+            rep = {"loaded": False, "logs": [{"frame": 0, "level": "error", "text": line}]}
+            self.assertEqual(core_probe.judge(rep, saturn)[0], "bios_error", line)
+        menu = {"Beetle PSX": "dfbfc299250c0983f86bbf951efd187441306d92",
+                "Beetle PSX HW": "dfbfc299250c0983f86bbf951efd187441306d92",
+                "SwanStation": "167fb7b6527e295b12dca5806a29856f5f31d401",
+                "pcsx2": "46329c633ea7d0b63349261e4aab169e4f44d3f6"}
+        for library, sha1 in menu.items():
+            rep = {"loaded": True, "logs": [], "frames": 100, "warmup": 0,
+                   "observables": {"frame_hashes": [[90, sha1]], "uniform_frames": []}}
+            verdict, evidence = core_probe.judge(rep, core_probe.oracle_for(data, None, library))
+            self.assertEqual((verdict, evidence["rule"]), ("bios_error", "error_screen"), library)
+        # The PlayStation cores fall back to a built-in BIOS: nothing they log is an error.
+        for library in ("Beetle PSX", "SwanStation", "PCSX-ReARMed", "PCSX1"):
+            self.assertEqual(core_probe.oracle_for(data, None, library)["error_patterns"], [])
+
     def test_the_repository_oracle_is_well_formed(self) -> None:
         import yaml
         data = yaml.safe_load(core_probe.DEFAULT_ORACLE.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))