diff --git a/scripts/cross_reference.py b/scripts/cross_reference.py
index af7525a77..ac1843322 100644
--- a/scripts/cross_reference.py
+++ b/scripts/cross_reference.py
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ from common import (
     select_emulator_profiles,
 )
 from hashing import parse_hash_list
-from launchers import LauncherLayer, declared_destinations, held_record
+from launchers import LauncherLayer, declared_destinations, held_record, set_by
+from launchers import _directories as launcher_directories
 from launchers import _names as launcher_names
 from validation import (
     case_folded_slots,
@@ -1151,6 +1152,16 @@ def launcher_reads_not_held(
     a copy is reported with `held_as`, since the launcher does not open it
     under the name it asks for. *emulator* keeps the records whose emulator
     name designates that profile.
+
+    Three records ask for nothing the collection lacks. A search keeps the
+    first name it finds, so one held name fills it: RetroBat's Amiberry
+    launcher returns the first of kick34005.A500, kick34005.A500.rom and
+    amiga-os-130.rom that exists (Amiberry.Generator.cs:674-699). A copy
+    whose source lies outside the BIOS directory brings a file the platform
+    installs itself, from its own package or written by its own script
+    (RetroPie's lr-vecx copies $md_inst/system.bin). A file handed to the
+    setting a reader's profile entry is read from is that entry's file,
+    which the pack places under the launcher's name.
     """
     holder = _NameHolder(db, profiles, data_dir_registry)
     every_profile = set(profiles)
@@ -1169,6 +1180,20 @@ def launcher_reads_not_held(
             if emulator and emulator not in readers:
                 continue
             folds = bool(record.get("case_insensitive") or config.get("case_insensitive_fs"))
+            base = str(config.get("base_destination") or "bios")
+            if record.get("kind") == "copies" and not launcher_directories(record, base):
+                continue
+            passes_to = str(record.get("passes_to") or "")
+            if passes_to and any(
+                set_by(entry, passes_to) and holder._entry_held(entry)
+                for key in readers
+                for entry in profiles[key].get("files") or []
+            ):
+                continue
+            if record.get("kind") == "names_searched" and any(
+                (found := holder.held(name)) and (found[1] or folds) for name in names
+            ):
+                continue
             reader = {
                 "emulator": str(record.get("emulator", "")),
                 "build": str(record.get("build", "")),
diff --git a/scripts/launchers.py b/scripts/launchers.py
index 1f9ce1d56..2b2a2014b 100644
--- a/scripts/launchers.py
+++ b/scripts/launchers.py
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ class LauncherPlace:
     anchored: bool
     conditional: bool
     source_ref: str
+    passes_to: str = ""
 
     def fold(self, name: str) -> str:
         return name.lower() if self.case_insensitive else name
@@ -87,6 +88,24 @@ class LauncherPlace:
         )
 
 
+def setting_tokens(passes_to: str) -> set[str]:
+    """The words of a record's ``passes_to``, as an emulator setting is spelled.
+
+    "command line -romfile4p" hands the file to sdltrs's romfile4p option,
+    "settings.bml NeoGeoPocket/Firmware/BIOS.World" to an ares setting.
+    """
+    return {
+        word.strip("()\"',;").lstrip("-")
+        for word in passes_to.split()
+    } - {""}
+
+
+def set_by(entry: dict, passes_to: str) -> bool:
+    """Whether a launcher hands its file to the setting a profile entry is read from."""
+    key = str(entry.get("config_key") or "")
+    return bool(key) and key in setting_tokens(passes_to)
+
+
 def _bios_relative(directory: str, base: str) -> str | None:
     """A launcher directory relative to the BIOS root, None when it is not one."""
     directory = directory.strip().rstrip("/")
@@ -189,6 +208,7 @@ def launcher_places(config: dict) -> list[LauncherPlace]:
             "anchored": anchored,
             "conditional": bool(record.get("depends_on_option")),
             "source_ref": str(record.get("source_ref", "")),
+            "passes_to": str(record.get("passes_to") or ""),
         }
         if kind == "names_searched":
             # Each directory in turn, every name in it.
@@ -461,6 +481,10 @@ class LauncherLayer:
         names = own & basenames
         if names:
             return _Candidate(entry, names, False)
+        # RetroPie runs sdl2trs with -romfile4p $biosdir/level4p.rom: the
+        # file under that name is the one the romfile4p slot reads.
+        if set_by(entry, place.passes_to):
+            return _Candidate(entry, basenames, False)
         content = {
             place.fold(path.rsplit("/", 1)[-1])
             for path in place.paths
diff --git a/tests/test_launcher_gaps.py b/tests/test_launcher_gaps.py
index b68d19770..28528f710 100644
--- a/tests/test_launcher_gaps.py
+++ b/tests/test_launcher_gaps.py
@@ -66,8 +66,13 @@ LAUNCHERS = [
     _record("diremu", "passes_path", []),
     {"emulator": "pkg", "build": "standalone", "kind": "package", "names": [],
      "source_ref": "pkg.sh:1"},
-    _record("missemu", "names_searched", ["held.bin", "absent.bin"]),
+    _record("missemu", "names_searched", ["absent.bin"]),
     _record("otheremu", "copies", ["absent.bin"]),
+    _record("altemu", "names_searched", ["alt.bin", "held.bin", "late.bin"]),
+    _record("pkgemu", "copies", ["shipped.bin"], search_dir="$md_inst"),
+    {"emulator": "pkgemu", "build": "standalone", "kind": "copies",
+     "names": ["written.ini"], "source_ref": "pkg.sh:2"},
+    _record("setemu", "fixed_name", ["setname.bin"], passes_to="command line -romslot"),
     _record("caseemu", "fixed_name", ["mixed.rom"]),
     _record("foldemu", "fixed_name", ["MIXED.rom"], case_insensitive=True),
     _record("labelemu", "core_option", ["labelled.rom (CDZ)"]),
@@ -128,6 +133,10 @@ class LauncherGapTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 "emulator": "AliasEmu", "type": "standalone", "systems": ["test-sys"],
                 "files": [{"name": "core.bin", "aliases": ["alias.bin"], "required": True}],
             },
+            "setemu": {
+                "emulator": "SetEmu", "type": "standalone", "systems": ["test-sys"],
+                "files": [{"name": "core.bin", "config_key": "romslot", "required": True}],
+            },
             "missemu": {
                 "emulator": "MissEmu", "type": "standalone", "systems": ["test-sys"],
                 "files": [{"name": "absent.bin", "required": True, "md5": "0" * 32}],
@@ -167,6 +176,19 @@ class LauncherGapTest(unittest.TestCase):
         reported = {r["emulators"][0] for r in self._rows().values()}
         self.assertFalse(reported & {"tplemu", "diremu", "pkg"})
 
+    def test_a_search_with_one_held_name_reads_nothing_missing(self) -> None:
+        """The launcher keeps the first name it finds, so the held one fills it."""
+        names = {name for _, name in self._rows()}
+        self.assertFalse(names & {"alt.bin", "late.bin"})
+
+    def test_a_copy_from_the_platform_package_is_not_owed(self) -> None:
+        """RetroPie copies lr-vecx's system.bin from $md_inst and writes mame.ini."""
+        names = {name for _, name in self._rows()}
+        self.assertFalse(names & {"shipped.bin", "written.ini"})
+
+    def test_a_name_handed_to_a_held_entry_setting_is_held(self) -> None:
+        self.assertNotIn("setname.bin", {name for _, name in self._rows()})
+
     def test_a_label_after_the_name_is_dropped(self) -> None:
         self.assertEqual(launcher_file_names(LAUNCHERS[-1]), ["labelled.rom"])
         self.assertIn(("gaptest", "labelled.rom"), self._rows())
@@ -225,7 +247,7 @@ class LauncherGapTest(unittest.TestCase):
         names = {r["name"] for r in report[LAUNCHER_READS_KEY]}
         self.assertEqual(names, {"absent.bin", "mixed.rom", "labelled.rom"})
         # The emulator rows keep their own shape and counts.
-        self.assertEqual(set(report) - {LAUNCHER_READS_KEY}, {"aliasemu", "missemu"})
+        self.assertEqual(set(report) - {LAUNCHER_READS_KEY}, {"aliasemu", "missemu", "setemu"})
 
     def test_verify_counts_and_exit_code_are_unchanged(self) -> None:
         """A launcher name is reported, not judged: nothing else moves."""
diff --git a/tests/test_launcher_layer.py b/tests/test_launcher_layer.py
index a7f99c230..ed06eeeb7 100644
--- a/tests/test_launcher_layer.py
+++ b/tests/test_launcher_layer.py
@@ -252,6 +252,27 @@ class LauncherLayerTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertNotIn("core.bin", {u["name"] for u in self._report()})
         self.assertNotIn("core.bin", self._pack_names())
 
+    def test_a_file_handed_to_an_entry_setting_takes_the_entry_content(self) -> None:
+        """RetroPie runs sdl2trs with -romfile4p $biosdir/level4p.rom and
+        EmuDeck writes a No-Intro name into ares's NeoGeoPocket firmware
+        setting: neither name is the core's, and the held file of the entry
+        that setting reads went in under no name at all."""
+        profile = {
+            "emulator": "FixEmu", "type": "standalone", "systems": ["test-sys"],
+            "files": [{"name": "core.bin", "required": True, "config_key": "romslot"},
+                      {"name": "other.bin", "required": True, "config_key": "otherslot"}],
+        }
+        with open(os.path.join(self.emulators_dir, "fixemu.yml"), "w") as fh:
+            yaml.dump(profile, fh)
+        self.config["launchers"][2]["names"] = ["launcher.rom"]
+        self.config["launchers"][2]["passes_to"] = "command line -romslot"
+        _emulator_profiles_cache.clear()
+        self.profiles = load_emulator_profiles(self.emulators_dir)
+        added = {u["path"]: u for u in self._report() if u.get("launcher")}
+        self.assertEqual(added["launcher.rom"]["launcher_of"], "core.bin")
+        self.assertEqual(added["launcher.rom"]["md5"], _md5(CONTENT["core.bin"]))
+        self.assertIn("launcher.rom", self._pack_names())
+
     def test_the_default_name_a_launcher_replaces_is_not_packed(self) -> None:
         """EmuDeck passes Complex_4627v1.03.bin to xemu, which then never
         opens Complex_4627.bin: the pack carried both, one read by nobody."""