diff --git a/scripts/common.py b/scripts/common.py
index 9984ef8f6..895f047fa 100644
--- a/scripts/common.py
+++ b/scripts/common.py
@@ -1657,7 +1657,13 @@ def resolve_local_file(
                 if ".zip" in os.path.basename(path):
                     try:
                         composite = md5_composite(path).lower()
-                        if composite in md5_set:
+                        # A zipped_file md5 is the member's: one member of
+                        # another name has the same composite, and Batocera
+                        # looks the member up by name.
+                        if composite in md5_set and (
+                            not zipped_file
+                            or check_inside_zip(path, zipped_file, composite) == "ok"
+                        ):
                             return path, "md5_composite_exact"
                     except (zipfile.BadZipFile, OSError) as exc:
                         _warn_unreadable_archive(path, exc)
diff --git a/tests/test_e2e.py b/tests/test_e2e.py
index 2e0b4ed4c..4d0b203cd 100644
--- a/tests/test_e2e.py
+++ b/tests/test_e2e.py
@@ -5541,6 +5541,40 @@ struct BurnDriver BurnDrvneogeo = {
             self.assertEqual(local, path)
             self.assertEqual(status, "name_exact")
 
+    def test_217b_zipped_file_composite_needs_the_member(self):
+        """One member of another name has the zipped_file md5 as composite.
+
+        Batocera looks the member up by name, so the archive is not proof of
+        the entry: a MAME rename leaves exactly that archive behind.
+        """
+        import hashlib as hl
+        import tempfile
+
+        from common import resolve_local_file
+
+        rom = b"inner rom bytes"
+        rom_md5 = hl.md5(rom).hexdigest()
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "foo.zip")
+            with zipfile.ZipFile(path, "w") as zf:
+                zf.writestr("renamed.bin", rom)
+            db = {
+                "files": {"sha1z": {"name": "foo.zip", "path": path, "md5": "f" * 32}},
+                "indexes": {
+                    "by_md5": {}, "by_name": {"foo.zip": ["sha1z"]},
+                    "by_crc32": {}, "by_path_suffix": {},
+                },
+            }
+            entry = {"name": "foo.zip", "zipped_file": "expected.bin", "md5": rom_md5}
+            self.assertNotEqual(
+                resolve_local_file(entry, db)[1], "md5_composite_exact"
+            )
+            with zipfile.ZipFile(path, "w") as zf:
+                zf.writestr("expected.bin", rom)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                resolve_local_file(entry, db), (path, "md5_composite_exact")
+            )
+
     def test_215_check_member_hash_inside_zip(self):
         """zipped_file entries verify the ROM inside the ZIP, not the ZIP."""
         import hashlib as hl