fix: refuse standalone copies install can't run

fix: hold the installer to python 3.8 for real
fix: write one romm entry per key
2026-10-10 13:33:24 -05:00 · 2026-10-10 12:13:18 +02:00 · 2026-10-10 12:12:32 +02:00 · 2026-10-10 12:11:16 +02:00 · 2026-10-10 12:10:32 +02:00 · 2026-10-10 12:08:52 +02:00
133 changed files with 72471 additions and 7046 deletions
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ on:
      - "scripts/hashing.py"
      - "scripts/largefiles.py"
      - "scripts/list_platforms.py"
+      - "scripts/manifestselect.py"
      - "scripts/nativemode.py"
      - "scripts/packextras.py"
      - "scripts/packpaths.py"
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ The script auto-detects your platform, downloads only missing files, and verifie

 ## Download BIOS packs

-One pack per platform, and it holds everything the platform runs: its own BIOS list plus every file its emulator cores load. Pick your platform, download the ZIP, extract to the BIOS path. The installer above does the same file by file, and `--target` narrows it to one machine; for a region or a bare minimum, build your own pack below.
+One pack per platform, and it holds everything the platform runs: its own BIOS list plus every file its emulator cores load. Pick your platform, download the ZIP, extract to the BIOS path. The installer above does the same file by file. At a terminal it asks whether to install everything or to choose systems, cores and regions, and `--system`, `--core`, `--region` and `--target` make the same choice without questions; for a bare minimum, build your own pack below.
 Files is how many the pack holds once extracted, the figure a file manager shows for the folder. It differs from one platform to the next because a pack carries only what that platform's emulators load. The size is what the files occupy once extracted; the ZIP itself downloads smaller.

 A pack over 2 GB comes in several parts, and every part is needed. How to open them depends on their name:
@@ -71,14 +71,14 @@ Each file is checked the way your platform checks it. Most compare a checksum, t
 - **392 files** the platforms' emulators load are still to be found, and 51 more cannot be sourced at all (per-user keys, user-filled slots, dumps nobody has made); both are named in the [gap analysis](https://abdess.github.io/retrobios/gaps/)
 - **12 platforms** supported with platform-specific verification
 - **506 emulators** profiled from source (RetroArch cores + standalone)
- **546 systems** handled by those emulators (NES, SNES, PlayStation, Saturn, Dreamcast, ...)
- **19,002 files in the collection**, each with its SHA1, MD5, SHA256, CRC32 and Adler-32 fingerprints: 5,266 system files, 2,808 arcade ROM sets, 10,928 game and engine data files. That is every platform and emulator together, so no pack holds them all: each carries what its own emulators load, counted in the download table
- **562 of 5,266 system files** matched to dump-preservation catalogs (No-Intro, Redump, TOSEC); arcade sets and engine data fall outside what those catalogs index
+- **544 systems** handled by those emulators (NES, SNES, PlayStation, Saturn, Dreamcast, ...)
+- **19,005 files in the collection**, each with its SHA1, MD5, SHA256, CRC32 and Adler-32 fingerprints: 5,269 system files, 2,808 arcade ROM sets, 10,928 game and engine data files. That is every platform and emulator together, so no pack holds them all: each carries what its own emulators load, counted in the download table
+- **562 of 5,269 system files** matched to dump-preservation catalogs (No-Intro, Redump, TOSEC); arcade sets and engine data fall outside what those catalogs index
 - **16687 MB** total collection size

 ## Supported systems

-NES, SNES, Nintendo 64, GameCube, Wii, Game Boy, Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS, Switch, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PSP, PS Vita, Mega Drive, Saturn, Dreamcast, Game Gear, Master System, Neo Geo, Atari 2600, Atari 7800, Atari Lynx, Atari ST, MSX, PC Engine, TurboGrafx-16, ColecoVision, Intellivision, Commodore 64, Amiga, ZX Spectrum, Arcade (MAME), and 512+ more.
+NES, SNES, Nintendo 64, GameCube, Wii, Game Boy, Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS, Switch, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PSP, PS Vita, Mega Drive, Saturn, Dreamcast, Game Gear, Master System, Neo Geo, Atari 2600, Atari 7800, Atari Lynx, Atari ST, MSX, PC Engine, TurboGrafx-16, ColecoVision, Intellivision, Commodore 64, Amiga, ZX Spectrum, Arcade (MAME), and 510+ more.

 Full list with per-file details: **[https://abdess.github.io/retrobios/](https://abdess.github.io/retrobios/)**

@@ -86,18 +86,18 @@ Full list with per-file details: **[https://abdess.github.io/retrobios/](https:/

 | Platform | On its BIOS list | Files its emulators load | Checked by |
 |----------|-----------------:|-------------------------:|------------|
-| Batocera | 353/353 | 12,287/12,718 | MD5 hash |
+| Batocera | 353/353 | 12,295/12,726 | MD5 hash |
 | BizHawk | 118/118 | 800/801 | SHA1 hash |
 | EmuDeck | 168/168 | 430/432 | MD5 hash |
-| Lakka | 526/526 | 5,256/5,286 | file presence |
+| Lakka | 526/526 | 5,260/5,290 | file presence |
 | MiSTer FPGA | 81/81 | - | MD5 hash |
-| ROCKNIX | 38/38 | 5,695/5,725 | MD5 hash |
-| Recalbox | 351/351 | 2,721/2,729 | MD5 hash |
-| RetroArch | 526/526 | 5,256/5,286 | file presence |
-| RetroBat | 348/348 | 11,875/12,305 | MD5 hash |
-| RetroDECK | 2,008/2,008 | 5,387/5,437 | MD5 hash |
-| RetroPie * | 526/526 | 9,171/9,313 | file presence |
-| RomM | 381/381 | 746/752 | MD5 hash |
+| ROCKNIX | 38/38 | 5,697/5,727 | MD5 hash |
+| Recalbox | 351/351 | 2,731/2,739 | MD5 hash |
+| RetroArch | 526/526 | 5,260/5,290 | file presence |
+| RetroBat | 348/348 | 11,880/12,310 | MD5 hash |
+| RetroDECK | 2,008/2,008 | 5,400/5,450 | MD5 hash |
+| RetroPie * | 526/526 | 9,181/9,323 | file presence |
+| RomM | 381/381 | 748/754 | MD5 hash |

 Each fraction is what the pack has over what is needed, counting required and optional files alike since both ship. The first column is the BIOS list the platform publishes. The second counts files its emulators load that this list never mentions, found by reading their source code, and it is routinely several times larger. A short fraction means files are still missing, and they are named in the [gap analysis](https://abdess.github.io/retrobios/gaps/).
 That second number is a floor, not a ceiling: an emulator that accepts any file handed to it names none in its code, so nothing there can be counted.
@@ -180,4 +180,4 @@ The scripts and tooling are released under the [MIT License](LICENSE).
 The BIOS and firmware files are not covered by that license: they are third-party system software, preserved and provided for personal backup, archival, and interoperability with emulation software. [NOTICE](NOTICE) sets out their status and how to ask for a file to be removed.
 The reasoning, and where it is weakest, is in the [FAQ](https://abdess.github.io/retrobios/wiki/faq/#is-this-legal).

-*Auto-generated on 2026-10-09T23:59:06Z*
+*Auto-generated on 2026-10-10T09:28:18Z*
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# Default keys file bundled with Azahar.
+
+# DISCLAIMER: The keys present in this document are used exclusively for interoperability
+# with the user's legally obtained software, as well as to perform cryptographic operations
+# on other 3DS-related data of non creative nature (data structures, numbers, etc).
+
+:AES
+
+# Generator constant
+
+generatorConstant=1ff9e9aac5fe0408024591dc5d52768a
+
+# OTP
+
+otpKey=06457901d485a367ac4f2ad01c53cf74
+otpIV=ba4f599b0ae1122c80e13f6865c4fa49
+
+# Movable
+
+movableKeyY=a717802dea9776137ba16cd389141cf0
+movableCmacY=6e1e6bcb9ee098dd67ae771ad73b2cc9
+
+# KeyX
+
+slot0x18KeyX=82e9c9bebfb8bdb875ecc0a07d474374
+slot0x19KeyX=f5367fce73142e66ed13917914b7f2ef
+slot0x1AKeyX=eaba984c9cb766d4a3a7e974e2e713a3
+slot0x1BKeyX=45ad04953992c7c893724a9a7bce6182
+slot0x1CKeyX=c3830f8156e3543b723f0bc046741e8f
+slot0x1DKeyX=d6b38bc759417596d619d6029d13e0d8
+slot0x1EKeyX=bb623a97ddd793d757c4104b8d9fb969
+slot0x1FKeyX=4c28ec6effa3c23646078bba350c7995
+slot0x25KeyX=cee7d8ab30c00dae850ef5e382ac5af3
+slot0x2CKeyX=b98e95ceca3e4d171f76a94de934c053
+slot0x2DKeyX=b98e95ceca3e4d171f76a94de934c053
+slot0x2EKeyX=b98e95ceca3e4d171f76a94de934c053
+slot0x2FKeyX=b98e95ceca3e4d171f76a94de934c053
+slot0x30KeyX=c66e23128f289133f04cdb877a3749f2
+slot0x31KeyX=c66e23128f289133f04cdb877a3749f2
+slot0x32KeyX=c66e23128f289133f04cdb877a3749f2
+slot0x33KeyX=c66e23128f289133f04cdb877a3749f2
+slot0x34KeyX=6fbb01f872caf9c01834eec04065ee53
+slot0x35KeyX=6fbb01f872caf9c01834eec04065ee53
+slot0x36KeyX=6fbb01f872caf9c01834eec04065ee53
+slot0x37KeyX=6fbb01f872caf9c01834eec04065ee53
+slot0x38KeyX=b529221cddb5db5a1bf26eff2041e875
+slot0x39KeyX=b529221cddb5db5a1bf26eff2041e875
+slot0x3AKeyX=b529221cddb5db5a1bf26eff2041e875
+slot0x3BKeyX=b529221cddb5db5a1bf26eff2041e875
+slot0x3CKeyX=c35d6d15680b1ad4e912a341836121b3
+slot0x3DKeyX=617085719b7cfb316df4df2e8362c6e2
+slot0x3EKeyX=24baf628d06889bf282d0aa35dc55650
+slot0x3FKeyX=a31233280bb4daa7761393f78c424952
+
+# KeyY
+
+slot0x04KeyY=ff3388ecd21705bb339e967986dc4907
+slot0x05KeyY=54ef035f30260e0e9b5e004fc985dc22
+slot0x06KeyY=24b05aaaac0b099252030c02d1040317
+slot0x07KeyY=e9acc5abd4ad3f0660c83c8934882f3f
+slot0x08KeyY=4803050106d482dcd75f85c5aadff9b3
+slot0x09KeyY=af6346efdddfa9806e3c6b6855b78930
+slot0x0AKeyY=0a870a2c4b2fc3172e5f0335d8c5085d
+slot0x0BKeyY=fda0152fcd6ddb3133b887ba727c0ada
+slot0x24KeyY=74ca074884f4228deb2a1ca72d287762
+slot0x2EKeyY=7462553f9e5a7904b8647cca736da1f5
+slot0x2FKeyY=c369baa21e188a88a9aa94e5506a9f16
+slot0x31KeyY=7462553f9e5a7904b8647cca736da1f5
+
+# DLP/NFC KeyY (slot 0x39)
+
+dlpKeyY=7462553f9e5a7904b8647cca736da1f5
+nfcKeyY=ed7858a8bba7eed7fc970c5979bc0af2
+
+# Ticket Common KeyY (slot 0x3D)
+
+common0=d07b337f9ca4385932a2e25723232eb9
+common1=0c767230f0998f1c46828202faacbe4c
+common2=c475cb3ab8c788bb575e12a10907b8a4
+common3=e486eee3d0c09c902f6686d4c06f649f
+common4=ed31ba9c04b067506c4497a35b7804fc
+common5=5e66998ab4e8931606850fd7a16dd755
+
+# KeyN
+
+slot0x0CKeyN=e7c9ff9d4f5b6f4dc5e2f50e856f0ab2
+slot0x0DKeyN=e7c9ff9d4f5b6f4dc5e2f50e856f0ab2
+slot0x0EKeyN=e7c9ff9d4f5b6f4dc5e2f50e856f0ab2
+slot0x0FKeyN=e7c9ff9d4f5b6f4dc5e2f50e856f0ab2
+slot0x10KeyN=285713db53051c089bdfb3b6aa638fda
+slot0x11KeyN=285713db53051c089bdfb3b6aa638fda
+slot0x12KeyN=285713db53051c089bdfb3b6aa638fda
+slot0x13KeyN=285713db53051c089bdfb3b6aa638fda
+slot0x14KeyN=2af3bbd32cd59c06fd4abe58651987ad
+slot0x15KeyN=be2836751c734ba8da18e1887f888bd6
+slot0x16KeyN=e3a18eb1c1dc8a3d27c3967e6e362de3
+slot0x17KeyN=d0294cfb7be0b4fb7324d986fd3993bb
+slot0x20KeyN=7c92f6272551c4614db0b345edd2e869
+slot0x21KeyN=7c92f6272551c4614db0b345edd2e869
+slot0x22KeyN=7c92f6272551c4614db0b345edd2e869
+slot0x23KeyN=7c92f6272551c4614db0b345edd2e869
+slot0x26KeyN=bbe8b4e09d0937816b234d8eb3cd3ca2
+slot0x27KeyN=bbe8b4e09d0937816b234d8eb3cd3ca2
+slot0x28KeyN=bbe8b4e09d0937816b234d8eb3cd3ca2
+slot0x29KeyN=5218127e133ce3b85bb8c018ce76b7e2
+slot0x2AKeyN=4a4264cf32e84170666f29ac88ef3f7e
+slot0x2BKeyN=51af6c4c8b13da3228bd29b371cf84e1
+slot0x2DKeyN=3ed6f5cf2cc37c54655000b7c8b52e0d
+slot0x32KeyN=b87e64018b190ffe048a8124c6454196
+slot0x36KeyN=28c0d59b736657bcdf50ff174979958a
+slot0x38KeyN=6e78a3be9bddda09bfd569483f24fce0
+
+# NFC Secrets
+
+nfcSecret0Phrase=756e666978656420696e666f7300
+nfcSecret0Seed=db4b9e3f45278f397eff9b4fb993
+nfcSecret0HmacKey=1d164b375b72a55728b91d64b6a3c205
+nfcSecret1Phrase=6c6f636b65642073656372657400
+nfcSecret1Seed=fdc8a07694b89e4c47d37de8ce5c74c1
+nfcSecret1HmacKey=7f752d2873a20017fef85c0575904b6d
+nfcIv=4fd39a6e79fceaad99904db8ee38e9db
+
+:RSA
+
+# Slots
+
+slot0x00X=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
+slot0x00M=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
+
+# Ticket wrap
+
+ticketWrapExp=010001
+ticketWrapMod=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
+
+# Secure info
+
+secureInfoExp=010001
+secureInfoMod=b1791a6d1eadd429ba89a1cd433630174bc68730c5e70560197b50d8c4546710a6e8a101bc2ceb0376f005c70ce0b6d6dffd26df33468bdbb2391e7ec01aa1a5a091e807da378676ba390a25429d5961e161d40485a74bb20186beb11a3572c1c2ea28ab7a1015325c9e712b7df965eae6c6fb8baed76c2a94a6c5ece40eaf987e06f20f884fd20635a476e9f70aba5c5b1461520054044593e468270435355aad5809d1193f5a0728d6db6b551f77945dc3be6fae5bcc0863e476dfa29b36ea853403e616eaa905e07f3a3e7e7077cf166a61d17e4d354c744485d4f67b0eee32f1c2d5790248e9621a33baa39b02b02294057ff6b43888e301e55a237c9c0b
+
+# Local friend code seed
+lfcsExp=010001
+lfcsMod=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
+
+:ECC
+
+# Root public
+
+rootPublicXY=004e3bb74d5d959e68ce900434fe9e4a3f094a33771fa7c0e4b023264d98014ca1fc799d3fa52171d5f9bd5b1777ec0fef7a38d1669bbf830325843a
+
+# Padding......
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# Default keys file bundled with Azahar.
+
+# DISCLAIMER: The keys present in this document are used exclusively for interoperability
+# with the user's legally obtained software, as well as to perform cryptographic operations
+# on other 3DS-related data of non creative nature (data structures, numbers, etc).
+
+:AES
+
+# Generator constant
+
+generatorConstant=1ff9e9aac5fe0408024591dc5d52768a
+
+# OTP
+
+otpKey=06457901d485a367ac4f2ad01c53cf74
+otpIV=ba4f599b0ae1122c80e13f6865c4fa49
+
+# Movable
+
+movableKeyY=a717802dea9776137ba16cd389141cf0
+movableCmacY=6e1e6bcb9ee098dd67ae771ad73b2cc9
+
+# KeyX
+
+slot0x18KeyX=82e9c9bebfb8bdb875ecc0a07d474374
+slot0x19KeyX=f5367fce73142e66ed13917914b7f2ef
+slot0x1AKeyX=eaba984c9cb766d4a3a7e974e2e713a3
+slot0x1BKeyX=45ad04953992c7c893724a9a7bce6182
+slot0x1CKeyX=c3830f8156e3543b723f0bc046741e8f
+slot0x1DKeyX=d6b38bc759417596d619d6029d13e0d8
+slot0x1EKeyX=bb623a97ddd793d757c4104b8d9fb969
+slot0x1FKeyX=4c28ec6effa3c23646078bba350c7995
+slot0x25KeyX=cee7d8ab30c00dae850ef5e382ac5af3
+slot0x2CKeyX=b98e95ceca3e4d171f76a94de934c053
+slot0x2DKeyX=b98e95ceca3e4d171f76a94de934c053
+slot0x2EKeyX=b98e95ceca3e4d171f76a94de934c053
+slot0x2FKeyX=b98e95ceca3e4d171f76a94de934c053
+slot0x30KeyX=c66e23128f289133f04cdb877a3749f2
+slot0x31KeyX=c66e23128f289133f04cdb877a3749f2
+slot0x32KeyX=c66e23128f289133f04cdb877a3749f2
+slot0x33KeyX=c66e23128f289133f04cdb877a3749f2
+slot0x34KeyX=6fbb01f872caf9c01834eec04065ee53
+slot0x35KeyX=6fbb01f872caf9c01834eec04065ee53
+slot0x36KeyX=6fbb01f872caf9c01834eec04065ee53
+slot0x37KeyX=6fbb01f872caf9c01834eec04065ee53
+slot0x38KeyX=b529221cddb5db5a1bf26eff2041e875
+slot0x39KeyX=b529221cddb5db5a1bf26eff2041e875
+slot0x3AKeyX=b529221cddb5db5a1bf26eff2041e875
+slot0x3BKeyX=b529221cddb5db5a1bf26eff2041e875
+slot0x3CKeyX=c35d6d15680b1ad4e912a341836121b3
+slot0x3DKeyX=617085719b7cfb316df4df2e8362c6e2
+slot0x3EKeyX=24baf628d06889bf282d0aa35dc55650
+slot0x3FKeyX=a31233280bb4daa7761393f78c424952
+
+# KeyY
+
+slot0x04KeyY=ff3388ecd21705bb339e967986dc4907
+slot0x05KeyY=54ef035f30260e0e9b5e004fc985dc22
+slot0x06KeyY=24b05aaaac0b099252030c02d1040317
+slot0x07KeyY=e9acc5abd4ad3f0660c83c8934882f3f
+slot0x08KeyY=4803050106d482dcd75f85c5aadff9b3
+slot0x09KeyY=af6346efdddfa9806e3c6b6855b78930
+slot0x0AKeyY=0a870a2c4b2fc3172e5f0335d8c5085d
+slot0x0BKeyY=fda0152fcd6ddb3133b887ba727c0ada
+slot0x24KeyY=74ca074884f4228deb2a1ca72d287762
+slot0x2EKeyY=7462553f9e5a7904b8647cca736da1f5
+slot0x2FKeyY=c369baa21e188a88a9aa94e5506a9f16
+slot0x31KeyY=7462553f9e5a7904b8647cca736da1f5
+
+# DLP/NFC KeyY (slot 0x39)
+
+dlpKeyY=7462553f9e5a7904b8647cca736da1f5
+nfcKeyY=ed7858a8bba7eed7fc970c5979bc0af2
+
+# Ticket Common KeyY (slot 0x3D)
+
+common0=d07b337f9ca4385932a2e25723232eb9
+common1=0c767230f0998f1c46828202faacbe4c
+common2=c475cb3ab8c788bb575e12a10907b8a4
+common3=e486eee3d0c09c902f6686d4c06f649f
+common4=ed31ba9c04b067506c4497a35b7804fc
+common5=5e66998ab4e8931606850fd7a16dd755
+
+# KeyN
+
+slot0x0CKeyN=e7c9ff9d4f5b6f4dc5e2f50e856f0ab2
+slot0x0DKeyN=e7c9ff9d4f5b6f4dc5e2f50e856f0ab2
+slot0x0EKeyN=e7c9ff9d4f5b6f4dc5e2f50e856f0ab2
+slot0x0FKeyN=e7c9ff9d4f5b6f4dc5e2f50e856f0ab2
+slot0x10KeyN=285713db53051c089bdfb3b6aa638fda
+slot0x11KeyN=285713db53051c089bdfb3b6aa638fda
+slot0x12KeyN=285713db53051c089bdfb3b6aa638fda
+slot0x13KeyN=285713db53051c089bdfb3b6aa638fda
+slot0x14KeyN=2af3bbd32cd59c06fd4abe58651987ad
+slot0x15KeyN=be2836751c734ba8da18e1887f888bd6
+slot0x16KeyN=e3a18eb1c1dc8a3d27c3967e6e362de3
+slot0x17KeyN=d0294cfb7be0b4fb7324d986fd3993bb
+slot0x20KeyN=7c92f6272551c4614db0b345edd2e869
+slot0x21KeyN=7c92f6272551c4614db0b345edd2e869
+slot0x22KeyN=7c92f6272551c4614db0b345edd2e869
+slot0x23KeyN=7c92f6272551c4614db0b345edd2e869
+slot0x26KeyN=bbe8b4e09d0937816b234d8eb3cd3ca2
+slot0x27KeyN=bbe8b4e09d0937816b234d8eb3cd3ca2
+slot0x28KeyN=bbe8b4e09d0937816b234d8eb3cd3ca2
+slot0x29KeyN=5218127e133ce3b85bb8c018ce76b7e2
+slot0x2AKeyN=4a4264cf32e84170666f29ac88ef3f7e
+slot0x2BKeyN=51af6c4c8b13da3228bd29b371cf84e1
+slot0x2DKeyN=3ed6f5cf2cc37c54655000b7c8b52e0d
+slot0x32KeyN=b87e64018b190ffe048a8124c6454196
+slot0x36KeyN=28c0d59b736657bcdf50ff174979958a
+slot0x38KeyN=6e78a3be9bddda09bfd569483f24fce0
+
+# NFC Secrets
+
+nfcSecret0Phrase=756e666978656420696e666f7300
+nfcSecret0Seed=db4b9e3f45278f397eff9b4fb993
+nfcSecret0HmacKey=1d164b375b72a55728b91d64b6a3c205
+nfcSecret1Phrase=6c6f636b65642073656372657400
+nfcSecret1Seed=fdc8a07694b89e4c47d37de8ce5c74c1
+nfcSecret1HmacKey=7f752d2873a20017fef85c0575904b6d
+nfcIv=4fd39a6e79fceaad99904db8ee38e9db
+
+# DLP Checksum
+
+dlpChecksumModIv=fe449ac13ae3b4095011d18944107833
+
+:RSA
+
+# Slots
+
+slot0x00X=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
+slot0x00M=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
+
+# Ticket wrap
+
+ticketWrapExp=010001
+ticketWrapMod=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
+
+# Secure info
+
+secureInfoExp=010001
+secureInfoMod=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
+
+# Local friend code seed
+lfcsExp=010001
+lfcsMod=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
+
+:ECC
+
+# Root public
+
+rootPublicXY=004e3bb74d5d959e68ce900434fe9e4a3f094a33771fa7c0e4b023264d98014ca1fc799d3fa52171d5f9bd5b1777ec0fef7a38d1669bbf830325843a
+
+# Padding...................
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
  "schema_version": 1,
-  "generated_at": "2026-10-09T20:41:14Z",
-  "total_files": 19002,
-  "total_size": 17497698358,
+  "generated_at": "2026-10-10T05:24:26Z",
+  "total_files": 19005,
+  "total_size": 17497729510,
  "bios_dir": "bios",
  "files": {
    "738c7f5fd0c8b57ee2e87ae7a97bf8e21a821d07": {
@@ -133360,6 +133360,26 @@
      "crc32": "1e65e2e2",
      "adler32": "765cc424"
    },
+    "5fab786695311433602028cd89898689c5df0898": {
+      "path": "bios/Other/azahar/sysdata/keys.txt",
+      "name": "keys.txt",
+      "size": 7344,
+      "sha1": "5fab786695311433602028cd89898689c5df0898",
+      "md5": "cb52d323b13129a2f0bc3e3e911e567f",
+      "sha256": "dee8cbca96b74e81d19b0292f8c6255f0e2b23d8551f82cacd086c2eead35ea4",
+      "crc32": "352ceb91",
+      "adler32": "5d463cad"
+    },
+    "5288772be438b86978a801e6dcb14228ad3a20af": {
+      "path": "bios/Other/azaharplus/sysdata/keys.txt",
+      "name": "keys.txt",
+      "size": 7424,
+      "sha1": "5288772be438b86978a801e6dcb14228ad3a20af",
+      "md5": "4812e96097b7fc1bdd7b40366208b7a7",
+      "sha256": "ea8b3d7c752d85f2326b9bfa01615414ab34ba052f87481b0ff4003fd887e50a",
+      "crc32": "d5b60ff6",
+      "adler32": "13b65227"
+    },
    "efd505f459448c5741a8ca249089f068b72cb751": {
      "path": "bios/Other/beebem/AUNMap",
      "name": "AUNMap",
@@ -156214,7 +156234,7 @@
      "adler32": "b5608705"
    },
    "6e5c9416a1cc89fe4012627f496f71ff2bb07b81": {
-      "path": "bios/Other/zesarux/ace.rom",
+      "path": "bios/Other/zesarux/alternate_roms/ace.rom",
      "name": "ace.rom",
      "size": 8192,
      "sha1": "6e5c9416a1cc89fe4012627f496f71ff2bb07b81",
@@ -157054,6 +157074,16 @@
      "crc32": "340a3285",
      "adler32": "bc8e2965"
    },
+    "0a74bd34538a03d0e1d214b425d95c14ad10c8c4": {
+      "path": "bios/Other/zesarux/trdos.rom",
+      "name": "trdos.rom",
+      "size": 16384,
+      "sha1": "0a74bd34538a03d0e1d214b425d95c14ad10c8c4",
+      "md5": "0c42e3b9ab8dd91ea096f1d0c07c55e5",
+      "sha256": "9ee624153f6ff198267fa57dd7568933a36e2003fbe9dd17799b6d21652a37bb",
+      "crc32": "c43d717f",
+      "adler32": "1d25c092"
+    },
    "cdb90bd05b073ec7a5f875444e29ab0f6bcee9ac": {
      "path": "bios/Other/zesarux/unodos3.rom",
      "name": "unodos3.rom",
@@ -208287,6 +208317,8 @@
      "1d361b7dc10f35866f2e9e713acaf0ee": "f8200a0f4bd284670f0f0191fa9340684e94f66d",
      "d5a884f20ade826001ea9fd93be86345": "da328a0a3074ec86fee2d6741bfc2e5a1f68d063",
      "3a1f6bebe84204bc6fe507cdb2f80ee6": "99fc2a4d8107c36ee3075c9cff24872d2a98e37a",
+      "cb52d323b13129a2f0bc3e3e911e567f": "5fab786695311433602028cd89898689c5df0898",
+      "4812e96097b7fc1bdd7b40366208b7a7": "5288772be438b86978a801e6dcb14228ad3a20af",
      "d2e4b22f9433cf16a3dcb320dc2cf1a2": "efd505f459448c5741a8ca249089f068b72cb751",
      "cd6ba85e22adec70b6d863de4c053db7": "05980c296e1a7800c4aa21d6bed16323b6d859d5",
      "751f615ccbefa312915d1be8aa5617f5": "ba33eaf1a23cfef6fc1b88aa516ca2b3693e69d9",
@@ -210637,6 +210669,7 @@
      "3e77d3685c3e5ba755ab3d34c820b488": "c627527551e441a000184565a72df8ff37fce891",
      "9deb72f8785888a80d97d9ed60300c7e": "82bf848bac698d1ffd9ca809c4293f004152645a",
      "133ec2129ebf57555662d899d55fe374": "b7ec72fa0a55243a53c55d649e0555acea25d0c1",
+      "0c42e3b9ab8dd91ea096f1d0c07c55e5": "0a74bd34538a03d0e1d214b425d95c14ad10c8c4",
      "6132dc41594d166a86a9067622b8cb90": "cdb90bd05b073ec7a5f875444e29ab0f6bcee9ac",
      "d9cdd73ad75df44489b01550af6e4cbd": "1570048704f11dc239060ee4f63190d199c94987",
      "a406f2d22ee445b2ddd061e0f5bea549": "2551026b7d63a2627f79701e26688a7d715dc96a",
@@ -246739,7 +246772,9 @@
        "4d88ddd169da56de721e4aa9e213a421f7221b4b"
      ],
      "keys.txt": [
-        "9edc52be45201ec99f6e4ceb5dc6abfc633c4eae"
+        "9edc52be45201ec99f6e4ceb5dc6abfc633c4eae",
+        "5fab786695311433602028cd89898689c5df0898",
+        "5288772be438b86978a801e6dcb14228ad3a20af"
      ],
      "CafeCn.ttf": [
        "23abcb52bc8bd580e9f58556d220f541dccafd15",
@@ -254477,6 +254512,13 @@
      "transtape3-vC.rom": [
        "b7ec72fa0a55243a53c55d649e0555acea25d0c1"
      ],
+      "trdos.rom": [
+        "0a74bd34538a03d0e1d214b425d95c14ad10c8c4",
+        "0de79c33e378c601e238ee37c219f8aa8442787a",
+        "56b8959de51919e55f1f691def6d7c6dc402bcd0",
+        "cd046dd7e71d8605a9323e9889d222817d77400f",
+        "21695e3f2a8f796386ce66eea8a246b0ac44810c"
+      ],
      "unodos3.rom": [
        "cdb90bd05b073ec7a5f875444e29ab0f6bcee9ac"
      ],
@@ -262735,12 +262777,6 @@
        "0a747cc0b827a94b4fd74cfd818ca792437a38f7",
        "22e50c6ba4157a3f6a821bd9937cd26e292775c6"
      ],
-      "trdos.rom": [
-        "0de79c33e378c601e238ee37c219f8aa8442787a",
-        "56b8959de51919e55f1f691def6d7c6dc402bcd0",
-        "cd046dd7e71d8605a9323e9889d222817d77400f",
-        "21695e3f2a8f796386ce66eea8a246b0ac44810c"
-      ],
      "128-spanish-0.rom": [
        "968937b1c750f0ef6205f01c6db4148da4cca4e3"
      ],
@@ -264145,7 +264181,8 @@
        "45bedc4cbdeac66c7df59e9e599195c778d86a92"
      ],
      "coleco.rom": [
-        "45bedc4cbdeac66c7df59e9e599195c778d86a92"
+        "45bedc4cbdeac66c7df59e9e599195c778d86a92",
+        "99ba9be24ada3e86e5c17aeecb7a2d68c5edfe59"
      ],
      "colecovision.rom": [
        "45bedc4cbdeac66c7df59e9e599195c778d86a92"
@@ -284101,6 +284138,8 @@
      "7d7e5f43": "f8200a0f4bd284670f0f0191fa9340684e94f66d",
      "d1a532a3": "da328a0a3074ec86fee2d6741bfc2e5a1f68d063",
      "1e65e2e2": "99fc2a4d8107c36ee3075c9cff24872d2a98e37a",
+      "352ceb91": "5fab786695311433602028cd89898689c5df0898",
+      "d5b60ff6": "5288772be438b86978a801e6dcb14228ad3a20af",
      "71ddc671": "efd505f459448c5741a8ca249089f068b72cb751",
      "56b44837": "05980c296e1a7800c4aa21d6bed16323b6d859d5",
      "ed80462a": "ba33eaf1a23cfef6fc1b88aa516ca2b3693e69d9",
@@ -286451,6 +286490,7 @@
      "dc68673c": "c627527551e441a000184565a72df8ff37fce891",
      "0aed1b3f": "82bf848bac698d1ffd9ca809c4293f004152645a",
      "340a3285": "b7ec72fa0a55243a53c55d649e0555acea25d0c1",
+      "c43d717f": "0a74bd34538a03d0e1d214b425d95c14ad10c8c4",
      "4cdff071": "cdb90bd05b073ec7a5f875444e29ab0f6bcee9ac",
      "cb7b98f7": "1570048704f11dc239060ee4f63190d199c94987",
      "4c7e9e47": "2551026b7d63a2627f79701e26688a7d715dc96a",
@@ -303105,6 +303145,8 @@
      "e4cbe52fae4f8bd59c0b616907fcf06cd10c8ce8f681cac8664af6f323795679": "f8200a0f4bd284670f0f0191fa9340684e94f66d",
      "d9b8d3b5e4ae0a6ed336e769301546735ff34f29c14be6e1232da6b7096c0988": "da328a0a3074ec86fee2d6741bfc2e5a1f68d063",
      "f7261790bd5aaaef104ffa7173182a3847de9e21ef444033555c3caed83bff10": "99fc2a4d8107c36ee3075c9cff24872d2a98e37a",
+      "dee8cbca96b74e81d19b0292f8c6255f0e2b23d8551f82cacd086c2eead35ea4": "5fab786695311433602028cd89898689c5df0898",
+      "ea8b3d7c752d85f2326b9bfa01615414ab34ba052f87481b0ff4003fd887e50a": "5288772be438b86978a801e6dcb14228ad3a20af",
      "7edd55c0dc5e520987a92a4b41f3f8baed9167d68697afd25f28c733244cb275": "efd505f459448c5741a8ca249089f068b72cb751",
      "e67d1afdd4ed545a6c544cbdf50d3d32dbffdd94d97f3b822d2fa08a5e6b0aed": "05980c296e1a7800c4aa21d6bed16323b6d859d5",
      "103fd16b0dab2c3267e8689ee01497fa9568935be87b253dbf22cd8c8417e57f": "ba33eaf1a23cfef6fc1b88aa516ca2b3693e69d9",
@@ -305455,6 +305497,7 @@
      "5b84f59e701dc9ace29be5a3f93d00680d37f883623d871dd43e82ec5da10026": "c627527551e441a000184565a72df8ff37fce891",
      "53af928797a17cde8bd0f551f0d2bc522c5a82117470ad9493c25d3a103de995": "82bf848bac698d1ffd9ca809c4293f004152645a",
      "e3efe8d378a77aa09abe08fb2b4083941737bef21ba947d7c634b378c25e7768": "b7ec72fa0a55243a53c55d649e0555acea25d0c1",
+      "9ee624153f6ff198267fa57dd7568933a36e2003fbe9dd17799b6d21652a37bb": "0a74bd34538a03d0e1d214b425d95c14ad10c8c4",
      "a802e4f07234bae69a985496bb2ee1a5669a7f5a6f9a351eee59aad37004eb5b": "cdb90bd05b073ec7a5f875444e29ab0f6bcee9ac",
      "409844660a4fb101f0846e058d30c2b6457fb0616b69e4428dec23111a1982a4": "1570048704f11dc239060ee4f63190d199c94987",
      "3acae3f2e61c9ed92ff8669af242cc5dd1d1b7d5edbc31dd8847e019a74f8fe8": "2551026b7d63a2627f79701e26688a7d715dc96a",
@@ -471011,6 +471054,22 @@
      "ax360e/Account": [
        "99fc2a4d8107c36ee3075c9cff24872d2a98e37a"
      ],
+      "Other/azahar/sysdata/keys.txt": [
+        "5fab786695311433602028cd89898689c5df0898"
+      ],
+      "azahar/sysdata/keys.txt": [
+        "5fab786695311433602028cd89898689c5df0898"
+      ],
+      "sysdata/keys.txt": [
+        "5fab786695311433602028cd89898689c5df0898",
+        "5288772be438b86978a801e6dcb14228ad3a20af"
+      ],
+      "Other/azaharplus/sysdata/keys.txt": [
+        "5288772be438b86978a801e6dcb14228ad3a20af"
+      ],
+      "azaharplus/sysdata/keys.txt": [
+        "5288772be438b86978a801e6dcb14228ad3a20af"
+      ],
      "Other/beebem/AUNMap": [
        "efd505f459448c5741a8ca249089f068b72cb751"
      ],
@@ -495921,10 +495980,13 @@
      "zesarux/Z88UK400.rom": [
        "23c63ceced72d0a9031cba08d2ebc72ca336921d"
      ],
-      "Other/zesarux/ace.rom": [
+      "Other/zesarux/alternate_roms/ace.rom": [
        "6e5c9416a1cc89fe4012627f496f71ff2bb07b81"
      ],
-      "zesarux/ace.rom": [
+      "zesarux/alternate_roms/ace.rom": [
+        "6e5c9416a1cc89fe4012627f496f71ff2bb07b81"
+      ],
+      "alternate_roms/ace.rom": [
        "6e5c9416a1cc89fe4012627f496f71ff2bb07b81"
      ],
      "Other/zesarux/aszmice07.rom": [
@@ -496347,6 +496409,12 @@
      "zesarux/transtape3-vC.rom": [
        "b7ec72fa0a55243a53c55d649e0555acea25d0c1"
      ],
+      "Other/zesarux/trdos.rom": [
+        "0a74bd34538a03d0e1d214b425d95c14ad10c8c4"
+      ],
+      "zesarux/trdos.rom": [
+        "0a74bd34538a03d0e1d214b425d95c14ad10c8c4"
+      ],
      "Other/zesarux/unodos3.rom": [
        "cdb90bd05b073ec7a5f875444e29ab0f6bcee9ac"
      ],
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ files:
  - name: OS6128_UK.rom
    path: "private/firmware/OS6128_UK.rom"
    system: amstrad-cpc
-    region: [uk]
    required: true
    min_size: 32768
    validation: [size]
@@ -138,7 +137,6 @@ files:
  - name: OS464_UK.rom
    path: "private/firmware/OS464_UK.rom"
    system: amstrad-cpc
-    region: [uk]
    required: false
    min_size: 32768
    validation: [size]
@@ -150,7 +148,6 @@ files:
  - name: OS464_FR.rom
    path: "private/firmware/OS464_FR.rom"
    system: amstrad-cpc
-    region: [france]
    required: false
    min_size: 32768
    validation: [size]
@@ -164,7 +161,6 @@ files:
  - name: OS664_UK.rom
    path: "private/firmware/OS664_UK.rom"
    system: amstrad-cpc
-    region: [uk]
    required: false
    min_size: 32768
    validation: [size]
@@ -176,7 +172,6 @@ files:
  - name: XMEM_FW_3_15_UK.rom
    path: "private/firmware/XMEM_FW_3_15_UK.rom"
    system: amstrad-cpc
-    region: [uk]
    required: false
    min_size: 32768
    validation: [size]
@@ -188,7 +183,6 @@ files:
  - name: XMEM_FW_3_15_FR.rom
    path: "private/firmware/XMEM_FW_3_15_FR.rom"
    system: amstrad-cpc
-    region: [france]
    required: false
    min_size: 32768
    validation: [size]
@@ -224,7 +218,6 @@ files:
  - name: Amstrad_f4.cpr
    path: "private/firmware/Amstrad_f4.cpr"
    system: amstrad-cpc
-    region: [france]
    required: false
    size: 131156
    md5: e7159fd674022ba05f9b347ae3cdafc6
@@ -235,7 +228,6 @@ files:
  - name: Amstrad_s4.cpr
    path: "private/firmware/Amstrad_s4.cpr"
    system: amstrad-cpc
-    region: [spain]
    required: false
    size: 131156
    md5: 6eeed3fdd4abc98a2a932da810410128
@@ -257,7 +249,6 @@ files:
  - name: hackit400uk.rom
    path: "private/hacker/hackit400uk.rom"
    system: amstrad-cpc
-    region: [uk]
    required: false
    size: 16384
    md5: 9a293eaaebca601f671070ad56cb81b6
@@ -269,7 +260,6 @@ files:
  - name: hacker481fr.rom
    path: "private/hacker/hacker481fr.rom"
    system: amstrad-cpc
-    region: [france]
    required: false
    size: 16384
    md5: dfdd9924295f491d54f30569874287f8
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ core_classification: enhanced_fork
 source: "https://github.com/amadvance/advancemame"
 upstream: "https://www.mamedev.org"
 profiled_date: "2026-08-08"
-source_commit: "0f6a7677ad42b4dfdfa36b046f74bef5238d5837"
+source_commit: "21f8f6f79d8a9abe9f23b1a070841963774cf65d"
 core_version: "5.0"
 mame_version: "0.106"
 display_name: "Arcade (AdvanceMAME)"
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ notes: |
  Firmware path resolution: settings.paths.firmware (user override) or
  {userData}/ares/Firmware/ (default). Per-system firmware assigned in
  Settings > Firmware dialog or via scan-by-hash.
-  ref: desktop-ui/settings/settings.hpp:89-101, desktop-ui/desktop-ui.cpp:68-75
+  ref: desktop-ui/settings/settings.hpp:87-99, desktop-ui/desktop-ui.cpp:68-75

  Systems with fully embedded firmware (no user files needed):
  Game Boy (boot.rom), Game Boy Color (boot.rom), Mega Drive (TMSS),
@@ -506,6 +506,7 @@ files:
  - name: cas.glsl
    path: pcsx2/resources/shaders/vulkan/cas.glsl
    standalone_path: resources/shaders/vulkan/cas.glsl
+    sha1: "005cecf1a5e20b05407d55d0aad22cf81ad66c31"
    required: false
    bundled: true
    description: "Vulkan contrast adaptive sharpening shader"
@@ -38,8 +38,10 @@ files:
    system: nintendo-3ds
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
-    note: "embedded encrypted fallback if missing"
-    source_ref: "src/core/hw/aes/key.cpp:283, src/common/common_paths.h:83"
+    sha1: "5fab786695311433602028cd89898689c5df0898"
+    md5: "cb52d323b13129a2f0bc3e3e911e567f"
+    note: "embedded encrypted fallback if missing: default_keys_enc, AES-CBC with a zero key and IV; the hashes are those of the decrypted text without its PKCS#7 block"
+    source_ref: "src/core/hw/aes/key.cpp:283-300, src/common/common_paths.h:83, src/core/hw/default_keys.h:4-5"

  - name: shared_font.bin
    path: sysdata/shared_font.bin
@@ -56,8 +56,10 @@ files:
    system: nintendo-3ds
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
-    note: "AES key slots, common keys and NFC secrets; embedded encrypted blob used if missing"
-    source_ref: "src/core/hw/aes/key.cpp:225-364, src/core/hw/aes/key.cpp:473-613"
+    sha1: "5288772be438b86978a801e6dcb14228ad3a20af"
+    md5: "4812e96097b7fc1bdd7b40366208b7a7"
+    note: "AES key slots, common keys and NFC secrets; embedded encrypted blob used if missing: default_keys_enc, AES-CBC with a zero key and IV, the hashes are those of the decrypted text"
+    source_ref: "src/core/hw/aes/key.cpp:225-364, src/core/hw/aes/key.cpp:473-613, src/core/hw/default_keys.h:11"

  - name: aes_keys.txt
    path: sysdata/aes_keys.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ notes: |
  Libretro port of Mednafen's Virtual Boy emulation module.
  No external BIOS or firmware files. The Virtual Boy has no boot
  ROM; the V810 CPU executes directly from the game ROM mapped at
-  0x07000000. Load() in libretro.cpp:1833 takes only ROM data.
+  0x07000000. Load() in libretro.cpp:1810 takes only ROM data.
  Upstream Mednafen supports an optional vb.pal palette file
  (Documentation/vb.html); the libretro port handles palette via
  core options instead.
@@ -406,7 +406,6 @@ files:

  - name: KANJI.rom
    path: "Machines/Shared Roms/KANJI.rom"
-    region: [japan]
    size: 262144
    required: false
    note: "Kanji font ROM (256 KB). Used by MSX2+, turboR, and Japanese MSX2 machines."
@@ -414,7 +413,6 @@ files:

  - name: MSXKANJI.rom
    path: "Machines/Shared Roms/MSXKANJI.rom"
-    region: [japan]
    size: 32768
    required: false
    note: "MSX-Kanji driver ROM. Used by MSX2+, turboR, and Japanese MSX2 for kanji display."
@@ -456,7 +454,6 @@ files:

  - name: HANGUL.rom
    path: "Machines/Shared Roms/HANGUL.rom"
-    region: [south-korea]
    size: 131072
    required: false
    note: "Korean Hangul font ROM (128 KB)."
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ files:
    mode: standalone
    size: 256
    note: "Original Nintendo DMG boot ROM"
-    source_ref: "src/gb.rs:1516, src/data.rs:14"
+    source_ref: "src/gb.rs:1416, src/data.rs:14"

  - name: sgb_boot.bin
    system: nintendo-gb
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ files:
    mode: standalone
    size: 256
    note: "Super Game Boy boot ROM"
-    source_ref: "src/gb.rs:1517, src/data.rs:29"
+    source_ref: "src/gb.rs:1417, src/data.rs:29"

  - name: dmg_bootix.bin
    system: nintendo-gb
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ files:
    mode: standalone
    size: 256
    note: "Open-source DMG boot ROM from Bootix (default DMG)"
-    source_ref: "src/gb.rs:1518, src/data.rs:44"
+    source_ref: "src/gb.rs:1418, src/data.rs:44"

  - name: mgb_bootix.bin
    system: nintendo-gb
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ files:
    mode: standalone
    size: 256
    note: "Open-source MGB (Pocket) boot ROM from Bootix"
-    source_ref: "src/gb.rs:1519, src/data.rs:59"
+    source_ref: "src/gb.rs:1419, src/data.rs:59"

  - name: cgb_boot.bin
    system: nintendo-gbc
@@ -81,4 +81,4 @@ files:
    mode: standalone
    size: 2304
    note: "Custom open-source CGB boot ROM (default CGB)"
-    source_ref: "src/gb.rs:1484, src/data.rs:177"
+    source_ref: "src/gb.rs:1421, src/data.rs:177"
@@ -24,25 +24,25 @@ mode: standalone
 files:
  - name: "prod.keys"
    required: true
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/prod.keys"
    note: "Production keys for NCA decryption (master, key area, header, titlekek)"
    source_ref: "src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp:655-656"

  - name: "title.keys"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/title.keys"
    note: "Per-title encryption keys (rights_id to titlekey mappings)"
    source_ref: "src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp:659-660"

  - name: "console.keys"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/console.keys"
    note: "Console-specific keys (BIS, SD seed)"
    source_ref: "src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp:661-662"

  - name: "key_retail.bin"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/key_retail.bin"
    size: 160
    note: "Amiibo decryption keys (two InternalKey structs, 0x50 bytes each)"
    source_ref: "src/core/hle/service/nfc/common/amiibo_crypto.cpp:274-292"
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 emulator: DOSBox Pure Unleashed
 type: standalone
 core_classification: official_port
-source: "https://github.com/schellingb/dosbox-pure-unleashed"
-upstream: "https://github.com/schellingb/dosbox-pure"
+source: "https://codeberg.org/schelling/dosbox-pure-unleashed"
+upstream: "https://codeberg.org/schelling/dosbox-pure"
 source_commit: "4a11412248ca4c862751a7d9e6818023795031e9"
 upstream_commit: "7f6e8fb7385fa446d1444d671063268520bf9b54"
 logo: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/schellingb/dosbox-pure-unleashed/main/images/logo.png"
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ notes: |
  ref: src/gui/midi_mt32.cpp:35,51-66
  MUNT identifies ROMs by SHA1+size (libretro/deps/munt/mt32emu/src/ROMInfo.cpp:171-180).
  FluidSynth reads .sf2/.sf3/.dls/.gig from system/soundfonts/.
-  ref: libretro/src/libretro.cpp:1112-1123
+  ref: libretro/src/libretro.cpp:1099-1110
  BASSMIDI reads .sf2/.sfz from system/soundfonts/, requires BASS +
  BASSMIDI shared libs in system dir (dlopen'd at runtime).
  ref: libretro/src/midi_bassmidi.cpp:232-254
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ emulator: DOSBox Pure
 type: standalone + libretro
 core_classification: enhanced_fork
 source: "https://github.com/libretro/dosbox-pure"
-upstream: "https://github.com/schellingb/dosbox-pure"
+upstream: "https://codeberg.org/schelling/dosbox-pure"
 logo: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/schellingb/dosbox-pure/main/images/logo.png"
 profiled_date: "2026-03-23"
 source_commit: "a4a0bab7f8931433588f2fcad9045c85b277373d"
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ notes: |
  only by the two settings screens, which fall back to the real filename when it
  is null.
  ref: src/core/bios.h:41-43 (field declarations)
-  ref: src/duckstation-qt/biossettingswidget.cpp:149, src/core/fullscreenui_settings.cpp:3301
+  ref: src/duckstation-qt/biossettingswidget.cpp:149, src/core/fullscreenui_settings.cpp:3281
  Lower priority = preferred. PS2 deprioritized (>= 100) for dynamic fast boot.
  Late PAL deprioritized (>= 150) due to additional regional checks.
  OpenBIOS detected by signature at offset 0x78, not by hash.
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ notes: |
  "embedded" when that fails. The system directory is still passed to SelectGame,
  but for the game data search, not for the engine package.
  ref: src/libretro/ecwolf_pk3_data.c, src/wl_iwad.cpp:664-672,
-  src/libretro/libretro.cpp:1028-1030
+  src/libretro/libretro.cpp:1009-1011

  Standalone: ecwolf.pk3 searched in progdir (binary directory).
  ref: src/libretro/wl_main.cpp:1247 (progdir passed to SelectGame)
@@ -27,31 +27,31 @@ mode: standalone
 files:
  - name: "prod.keys"
    required: true
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/prod.keys"
    note: "Production keys for NCA decryption (master, key area, header, titlekek)"
    source_ref: "src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp:574-575, 853"

  - name: "dev.keys"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/dev.keys"
    note: "Development-unit keys, read instead of prod.keys when use_dev_keys is set"
    source_ref: "src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp:570-571, 852"

  - name: "title.keys"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/title.keys"
    note: "Per-title encryption keys (rights_id to titlekey mappings)"
    source_ref: "src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp:577-578, 850"

  - name: "console.keys"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/console.keys"
    note: "Console-specific keys (BIS, SD seed)"
    source_ref: "src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp:579-580"

  - name: "key_retail.bin"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/key_retail.bin"
    size: 160
    note: "Amiibo decryption keys (two InternalKey structs, 0x50 bytes each)"
    source_ref: "src/core/hle/service/nfc/common/amiibo_crypto.cpp:281-302"
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ upstream: "https://github.com/EKA2L1/EKA2L1"
 profiled_date: "2026-09-17"
 source_commit:
  standalone: "1fcfadbff7f8b81d8c17bc82d04b0c94d16803bf"
-  libretro: "97ac3df6767f819c95405e4c86e7007d2e8ae61d"
+  libretro: "1c49c1bcde3853273cd520a5360bff756f872e06"
 upstream_commit:
-  libretro: "47b4ad76a6dd7d3656f52be86dfd5b9ff9a50c70"
+  libretro: "11f5b6cd141c0884a130ee45743f1f5e17bb1783"
 core_version: "0.0.9"
 display_name: "Nokia - Symbian / N-Gage (EKA2L1)"
 cores:
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ notes: |
  N-Gage 2.0 libraries and the game libraries from S60v1 to Symbian Belle. One
  tree builds the Qt desktop frontend, the Android and iOS applications, and a
  libretro core; the core lives on the libretro branch of the WizzardSK fork,
-  merged from upstream at 47b4ad76. The tip of that branch, 7a40bb0d, merges
-  upstream 0b7d9d67 and does not build the core: content.cpp still calls
-  install_firmware and install_rom_with_optional_rpkg without the
-  isolate_drives argument they take from that merge on. The libretro pin is the
-  last revision of the branch that builds.
+  rebased on the upstream revision named in its upstream.version, 11f5b6cd.
+  content.cpp passes isolate_drives false to install_firmware and
+  install_rom_with_optional_rpkg, so drives C, D and E are shared between
+  devices.
  ref: README.md:20, README.md:29-32, src/emu/CMakeLists.txt:61-62,
-       CMakeLists.txt:18, .gitlab-ci.yml:14-22, src/emu/libretro/src/content.cpp:96-100,
+       CMakeLists.txt:18, .gitlab-ci.yml:17-25, src/emu/libretro/CMakeLists.txt:40-46,
+       src/emu/libretro/src/content.cpp:178-184,
       src/emu/system/src/installation/rpkg.cpp:208-210,
       src/emu/system/src/installation/firmware.cpp:290-293

@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ notes: |
  sw.txt or langsw.txt under z:\resource\versions, sw.txt or langsw.txt under
  z:\system\versions, or z:\system\install\sonyericssonp90xplatform.sis. That
  is the N-Gage case: its files are unpacked to drives/z/, the firmware code is
-  read from them and the image is copied to SYM.ROM. The libretro pin tests
-  z:\system\versions\sw.txt alone. Any other image needs the RPKG made by the
-  Dumber tool beside it, which supplies the ROFS. A .vpl variant packing list
-  names the .fpsx flash images of a factory firmware, from which the core image,
-  the ROFS and the drive contents are extracted. The names of the dump files
-  are free; SYM.ROM is the name the installers give the resident copy.
+  read from them and the image is copied to SYM.ROM. Any other image needs
+  the RPKG made by the Dumber tool beside it, which supplies the ROFS. A .vpl
+  variant packing list names the .fpsx flash images of a factory firmware,
+  from which the core image, the ROFS and the drive contents are extracted.
+  The names of the dump files are free; SYM.ROM is the name the installers
+  give the resident copy.
  ref: src/emu/system/src/installation/rpkg.cpp:44-68,
       src/emu/system/src/software.cpp:396-408,
       src/emu/system/src/installation/rpkg.cpp:132-199,
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@ notes: |
  <system>/eka2l1/libretro-content.txt against the UID it registered, or a
  .eka2l1 text shortcut naming the UID of an application already installed.
  supports_no_game is false. is_experimental is true in the .info.
-  ref: src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:51-53, src/emu/libretro/src/state.cpp:12-17,
-       src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:82-100, src/emu/libretro/src/content.cpp:44-111,
-       src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:161-169, src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:68-69,
-       src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:116-117, src/emu/libretro/src/content.cpp:119,
-       src/emu/libretro/src/content.cpp:244-249
+  ref: src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:55-57, src/emu/libretro/src/state.cpp:12-17,
+       src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:92-110, src/emu/libretro/src/content.cpp:129-195,
+       src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:173-181, src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:72-73,
+       src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:126-127, src/emu/libretro/src/content.cpp:203,
+       src/emu/libretro/src/content.cpp:350-355

  At this revision the libretro build stages none of the shipped resource
  folders and never calls set_runtime_resource_root, so the GL shaders, the
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ notes: |
  and creates no audio or controller driver, so the patch libraries, the Lua
  scripts, the MIDI banks and the controller database are not read there.
  Those entries carry mode standalone.
-  ref: src/emu/libretro/CMakeLists.txt:8-45, src/emu/libretro/src/thread.cpp:19-38,
-       src/emu/libretro/src/thread.cpp:41-60, src/emu/libretro/src/thread.cpp:83-89,
+  ref: src/emu/libretro/CMakeLists.txt:8-72, src/emu/libretro/src/thread.cpp:20-61,
+       src/emu/libretro/src/thread.cpp:87-93,
       src/emu/common/src/path.cpp:427-450, src/emu/system/src/epoc.cpp:1389-1410

  Shipped runtime files are read at their own name below the working
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ notes: |
       src/emu/config/src/panic_blacklist.cpp:27-35, src/emu/config/src/app_settings.cpp:82-114,
       src/emu/utils/src/panic.cpp:32-38, src/emu/scripting/src/manager.cpp:196-202,
       src/emu/scripting/src/manager.cpp:230-256, src/emu/services/src/fbs/fbs.cpp:443,
-       src/emu/services/src/fbs/impls/font.cpp:1185-1208, .gitlab-ci.yml:19,
+       src/emu/services/src/fbs/impls/font.cpp:1185-1208, .gitlab-ci.yml:22,
       src/emu/qt/CMakeLists.txt:264-278, src/emu/qt/CMakeLists.txt:289-290,
       src/emu/qt/CMakeLists.txt:376-377, cmake/Symbian.cmake:20-31

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ files:
      dump, an EKA2 image with its RPKG, or a VPL with its .fpsx images.
    source_ref:
      standalone: "src/emu/system/src/epoc.cpp:1486-1494, src/emu/system/src/epoc.cpp:824-848, src/emu/system/include/system/consts.h:23-25, src/emu/system/src/installation/rpkg.cpp:44-68, src/emu/system/src/installation/rpkg.cpp:196-199, src/emu/qt/src/device_install_dialog.cpp:162-172"
-      libretro: "src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:82-100, src/emu/libretro/src/content.cpp:44-111, src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:161-169, src/emu/system/src/installation/rpkg.cpp:202-248"
+      libretro: "src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:92-110, src/emu/libretro/src/content.cpp:129-195, src/emu/libretro/src/main.cpp:173-181, src/emu/system/src/installation/rpkg.cpp:208-255"

  - name: audiooutputrouting.dll.map
    standalone_path: patch/audiooutputrouting.dll.map
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ systems:
  - coleco-colecovision
  - sinclair-spectrum
  - msx
-  - nes-fds
+  - nintendo-fds
  - super-kaneko-nova
  - deco-cassette
  - namco-na1
@@ -1061,7 +1061,7 @@ files:
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: "fdsbios.nes"
    archive: fdsbios.zip
-    system: nes-fds
+    system: nintendo-fds
    required: true
    size: 8192  # 0x2000
    crc32: "5e607dcf"
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ notes: |
  contributed by Joe Zbiciak (jzIntv), mask ROM embedded in source
  (src/ivoice.c:337-510, 4097-byte static array). No external ivoice ROM.

-  BIOS loading in retro_init() (src/libretro.c:1184-1192). Paths joined
+  BIOS loading in retro_init() (src/libretro.c:1175-1183). Paths joined
  directly to system directory, no subdirectory.

  loadExec() reads exec.bin as big-endian 16-bit words into 0x1000-0x1FFF.
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ files:
    required: true
    size: 8192
    note: "Executive ROM. Big-endian 16-bit words loaded at 0x1000-0x1FFF."
-    source_ref: "src/intv.c:55-142, src/libretro.c:1187"
+    source_ref: "src/intv.c:51-96, src/libretro.c:1178"

  - name: "grom.bin"
    system: intellivision
    required: true
    size: 2048
    note: "Graphics ROM. Raw bytes loaded at 0x3000-0x37FF."
-    source_ref: "src/intv.c:144-190, src/libretro.c:1191"
+    source_ref: "src/intv.c:98-144, src/libretro.c:1182"
@@ -34,17 +34,17 @@ files:
  - name: "bios.sms"
    system: sega-mastersystem
    required: false
-    source_ref: "platforms/libretro/libretro.cpp:777, platforms/libretro/libretro.cpp:780 (load_bootroms)"
+    source_ref: "platforms/libretro/libretro.cpp:736, platforms/libretro/libretro.cpp:731-743 (load_bootroms)"

  - name: "bios.gg"
    system: sega-gamegear
    required: false
-    source_ref: "platforms/libretro/libretro.cpp:1067, platforms/libretro/libretro.cpp:780 (load_bootroms)"
+    source_ref: "platforms/libretro/libretro.cpp:737, platforms/libretro/libretro.cpp:731-743 (load_bootroms)"

 platform_details:
  mastersystem:
    bios_filename: "bios.sms"
-    source_ref: "src/Memory.cpp:227-232"
+    source_ref: "src/Memory.cpp:267-272"
    note: |
      Boot ROM loaded via LoadBootromSMS() -> LoadBootroom(path, false).
      Raw binary read, stored in m_pBootromSMS. Bank count computed as
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ platform_details:

  gamegear:
    bios_filename: "bios.gg"
-    source_ref: "src/Memory.cpp:234-239"
+    source_ref: "src/Memory.cpp:274-279"
    note: |
      Boot ROM loaded via LoadBootromGG() -> LoadBootroom(path, true).
      Raw binary read, stored in m_pBootromGG. Same bank computation.
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ files:

  - name: "<CaCertificateId>.der"
    required: false
-    path: system/ssl/
+    path: "system/ssl/<CaCertificateId>.der"
    unsourceable: "replacement certificate the user picks for one certificate authority, with no canonical artefact behind the name"
    description: "Override for one built-in root certificate"
    note: >-
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ files:

  - name: "<driver>.zip"
    required: false
-    path: drivers/
+    path: "drivers/<driver>.zip"
    unsourceable: "third-party Vulkan driver built for one GPU family, not an emulator artefact"
    description: "Replacement Vulkan driver for the Android build"
    note: >-
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ notes: |

 files:
  - name: "<bios>.bin"
-    path: "pcsx2/bios/"
+    path: "pcsx2/bios/<bios>.bin"
    required: true
    description: "PS2 BIOS binary"
    min_size: 4194304
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ files:
      pcsx2_bios. Falls back to first valid BIOS found if configured BIOS is missing.

  - name: "<bios>.rom1"
-    path: "pcsx2/bios/"
+    path: "pcsx2/bios/<bios>.rom1"
    required: false
    max_size: 4194304
    description: "DVD player ROM"
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ files:
      (extension replaced). Silently skipped if not found.

  - name: "<bios>.rom2"
-    path: "pcsx2/bios/"
+    path: "pcsx2/bios/<bios>.rom2"
    required: false
    max_size: 524288
    description: "Chinese ROM extension"
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ files:
      Only present on Chinese region consoles.

  - name: "<bios>.nvm"
-    path: "pcsx2/bios/"
+    path: "pcsx2/bios/<bios>.nvm"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
    size: 1024
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ files:
      Auto-created with region-appropriate defaults if missing or invalid.

  - name: "<bios>.mec"
-    path: "pcsx2/bios/"
+    path: "pcsx2/bios/<bios>.mec"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
    size: 4
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ notes: |
  standalone upstream.

  retro_load_game() calls lutro_load(info->path) to load the game
-  directory or archive (libretro.c:267). The core exposes
+  directory or archive (libretro.c:241). The core exposes
  love.filesystem.getAppdataDirectory to games as the system_dir
  (filesystem.c:296) but does not load any files from it itself.
  No BIOS, firmware, or system files required.
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ upstream: "https://github.com/mamedev/mame"
 logo: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mamedev/mame/master/docs/source/images/MAMElogo.svg"
 profiled_date: "2026-03-29"
 source_commit: "9069f39340f2d2b1795df8e71bb1d3d0fbc76598"
-upstream_commit: "728d957663041fbc943806bf151584acd03e2160"
+upstream_commit: "f34f02505e32c1993c6a782b6814232cbfc74e36"
 core_version: "0.289"
 display_name: "Arcade (MAME)"

@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: igs-pgm
-    source_ref: "src/mame/igs/pgm.cpp:5548"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/igs/pgm.cpp:5545"
    contents:
      - name: "pgm_p02s.u20"
        size: 131072
@@ -287,17 +287,13 @@ files:
        size: 2097152
        crc32: "45ae7159"
        sha1: "d3ed3ff3464557fd0df6b069b2e431528b0ebfa8"
-      - name: "pal.u7"
-        size: 279
-        crc32: "bfa23d78"
-        sha1: "32078fec6f3747a081b8dc735452dc1dae4b3d51"

  # Sega NAOMI / NAOMI 2 / GD-ROM / Atomiswave
  - name: naomi.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-naomi
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10918"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10917"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-21576h.ic27"
        size: 2097152
@@ -434,7 +430,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-naomi2
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10923"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10922"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-23605c.ic27"
        size: 2097152
@@ -505,7 +501,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-naomigd
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10924"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10923"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-21576e.ic27"
        size: 2097152
@@ -556,7 +552,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: sammy-atomiswave
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/dc_atomiswave.cpp:1519"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/dc_atomiswave.cpp:1480"
    contents:
      - name: "bios0.ic23"
        size: 131072
@@ -574,7 +570,7 @@ files:
  - name: hod2bios.zip
    required: false
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10919"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10918"
    note: "game-specific BIOS for House of the Dead 2"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-21331.ic27"
@@ -609,7 +605,7 @@ files:
  - name: f355dlx.zip
    required: false
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10920"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10919"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-21864.ic27"
        size: 2097152
@@ -643,7 +639,7 @@ files:
  - name: f355bios.zip
    required: false
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10921"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10920"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-22851.ic27"
        size: 2097152
@@ -669,7 +665,7 @@ files:
  - name: airlbios.zip
    required: false
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10922"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10921"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-21802.ic27"
        size: 2097152
@@ -693,7 +689,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-stv
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/stv.cpp:4352"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/stv.cpp:3948"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-23603.ic8"
        size: 524288
@@ -760,7 +756,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-lindbergh
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/lindbergh.cpp:640"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/lindbergh.cpp:639"
    contents:
      - name: "6.0.0010a.bin"
        description: "6.0.0010 alternate version"
@@ -876,7 +872,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-chihiro
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/chihiro.cpp:2611"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/chihiro.cpp:2614"
    contents:
      - name: "chihiro_xbox_bios.bin"
        size: 524288
@@ -1230,7 +1226,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: nintendo-playch10
-    source_ref: "src/mame/nintendo/playch10.cpp:2981"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/nintendo/playch10.cpp:2980"
    contents:
      - name: "pch1-c__8t_e-2.8t"
        size: 16384
@@ -1363,7 +1359,7 @@ files:
  - name: aleck64.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/nintendo/aleck64.cpp:1418"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/nintendo/aleck64.cpp:1417"
    contents:
      - name: "pifdata.bin"
        size: 2048
@@ -1383,7 +1379,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: philips-cdi
-    source_ref: "src/mame/philips/cdi.cpp:1059"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/philips/cdi.cpp:922"
    contents:
      - name: "cdi200.rom"
        description: "Magnavox CD-i 200"
@@ -1418,7 +1414,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: namco-system246
-    source_ref: "src/mame/namco/namcops2.cpp:1725"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/namco/namcops2.cpp:1716"
    contents:
      - name: "r27v1602f.7d"
        size: 2097152
@@ -1429,7 +1425,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: namco-system256
-    source_ref: "src/mame/namco/namcops2.cpp:1770"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/namco/namcops2.cpp:1761"
    contents:
      - name: "r27v1602f.8g"
        size: 2097152
@@ -1440,7 +1436,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: namco-system573
-    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/ksys573.cpp:6429"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/ksys573.cpp:6415"
    contents:
      - name: "700a01.22g"
        description: "Standard"
@@ -1477,7 +1473,7 @@ files:
  - name: konamigx.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/konamigx.cpp:4202"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/konamigx.cpp:4191"
    contents:
      - name: "300a01.34k"
        size: 131072
@@ -1488,7 +1484,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: konami-gv
-    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/konamigv.cpp:1469"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/konamigv.cpp:1447"
    contents:
      - name: "999a01.7e"
        size: 524288
@@ -1498,7 +1494,7 @@ files:
  - name: kviper.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/viper.cpp:3225"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/viper.cpp:3213"
    contents:
      - name: "941b01.u25"
        size: 262144
@@ -1517,7 +1513,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: konami-twinkle
-    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/twinkle.cpp:1665"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/twinkle.cpp:1643"
    contents:
      - name: "863a03.7b"
        size: 524288
@@ -1585,7 +1581,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: capcom-zn1
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:5984"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:5969"
    contents:
      - name: "m534002c-13.ic353"
        description: "japan"
@@ -1606,7 +1602,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: capcom-zn2
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6070"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6055"
    contents:
      - name: "m534002c-59.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1620,7 +1616,7 @@ files:
  - name: coh1000t.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6004"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:5989"
    contents:
      - name: "m534002c-14.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1634,7 +1630,7 @@ files:
  - name: coh1000a.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6030"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6015"
    contents:
      - name: "m534002c-15.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1648,7 +1644,7 @@ files:
  - name: coh1000w.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6039"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6024"
    contents:
      - name: "msm27c402zb.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1662,7 +1658,7 @@ files:
  - name: coh1001l.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6043"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6028"
    contents:
      - name: "m534002c-17.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1676,7 +1672,7 @@ files:
  - name: coh1002v.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6047"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6032"
    contents:
      - name: "coh-1002v.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1690,7 +1686,7 @@ files:
  - name: coh1002e.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6053"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6038"
    contents:
      - name: "m27c402cz-54.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1704,7 +1700,7 @@ files:
  - name: coh1002m.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6104"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6089"
    contents:
      - name: "m534002c-61.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1783,7 +1779,7 @@ files:
  - name: taitotz.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/taito/taitotz.cpp:3018"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/taito/taitotz.cpp:3016"
    contents:
      - name: "e68-05-1.ic6"
        size: 524288
@@ -1884,7 +1880,7 @@ files:
  - name: alg3do.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/misc/3do.cpp:855"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/misc/3do.cpp:573"
    contents:
      - name: "saot_rom2.bin"
        size: 524288
@@ -2111,7 +2107,7 @@ files:
  - name: maxaflex.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/atari/maxaflex.cpp:448"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/atari/maxaflex.cpp:447"
    contents:
      - name: "atarixl.rom"
        size: 16384
@@ -2130,7 +2126,7 @@ files:
  - name: crysbios.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/misc/crystal.cpp:871"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/misc/crystal.cpp:845"
    contents:
      - name: "mx27l1000.u14"
        description: "AMG0110B PCB"
@@ -2153,7 +2149,7 @@ files:
  - name: aristmk5.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/acorn/aristmk5.cpp:9301"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/acorn/aristmk5.cpp:9298"
    contents:
      - name: "setchip v4.04.09.u7"
        size: 524288
@@ -2846,7 +2842,7 @@ files:
  - name: cedmag.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/efo/cedar_magnet.cpp:1316"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/efo/cedar_magnet.cpp:1166"
    contents:
      - name: "magnet-master-vid-e03.bin"
        size: 8192
@@ -3186,7 +3182,7 @@ files:
  - name: v4bios.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
-    source_ref: "src/mame/barcrest/mpu4vid.cpp:8699"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/barcrest/mpu4vid.cpp:8698"
    contents:
      - name: "vid.p1"
        size: 65536
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ source: "https://github.com/libretro/mame"
 upstream: "https://github.com/mamedev/mame"
 profiled_date: "2026-03-24"
 source_commit: "9069f39340f2d2b1795df8e71bb1d3d0fbc76598"
-upstream_commit: "728d957663041fbc943806bf151584acd03e2160"
+upstream_commit: "f34f02505e32c1993c6a782b6814232cbfc74e36"
 core_version: "0.289"
 display_name: "Arcade (MAME/Arcade)"

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: igs-pgm
-    source_ref: "src/mame/igs/pgm.cpp:5548"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/igs/pgm.cpp:5545"
    contents:
      - name: "pgm_p02s.u20"
        size: 131072
@@ -237,17 +237,13 @@ files:
        size: 2097152
        crc32: "45ae7159"
        sha1: "d3ed3ff3464557fd0df6b069b2e431528b0ebfa8"
-      - name: "pal.u7"
-        size: 279
-        crc32: "bfa23d78"
-        sha1: "32078fec6f3747a081b8dc735452dc1dae4b3d51"

  # Sega NAOMI / NAOMI 2 / GD-ROM / Atomiswave
  - name: naomi.zip
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-naomi
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10918"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10917"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-21576h.ic27"
        size: 2097152
@@ -384,7 +380,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-naomi2
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10923"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10922"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-23605c.ic27"
        size: 2097152
@@ -455,7 +451,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-naomigd
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10924"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10923"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-21576e.ic27"
        size: 2097152
@@ -506,7 +502,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: sammy-atomiswave
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/dc_atomiswave.cpp:1519"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/dc_atomiswave.cpp:1480"
    contents:
      - name: "bios0.ic23"
        size: 131072
@@ -525,7 +521,7 @@ files:
    required: false
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-naomi
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10919"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10918"
    note: "game-specific BIOS for House of the Dead 2"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-21331.ic27"
@@ -561,7 +557,7 @@ files:
    required: false
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-naomi
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10920"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10919"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-21864.ic27"
        size: 2097152
@@ -596,7 +592,7 @@ files:
    required: false
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-naomi
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10921"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10920"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-22851.ic27"
        size: 2097152
@@ -623,7 +619,7 @@ files:
    required: false
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-naomi
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10922"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/naomi.cpp:10921"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-21802.ic27"
        size: 2097152
@@ -647,7 +643,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: sega-stv
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/stv.cpp:4352"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sega/stv.cpp:3948"
    contents:
      - name: "epr-23603.ic8"
        size: 524288
@@ -1004,7 +1000,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: nintendo-playch10
-    source_ref: "src/mame/nintendo/playch10.cpp:2981"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/nintendo/playch10.cpp:2980"
    contents:
      - name: "pch1-c__8t_e-2.8t"
        size: 16384
@@ -1117,7 +1113,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: nintendo-aleck64
-    source_ref: "src/mame/nintendo/aleck64.cpp:1418"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/nintendo/aleck64.cpp:1417"
    contents:
      - name: "pifdata.bin"
        size: 2048
@@ -1137,7 +1133,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: philips-cdi
-    source_ref: "src/mame/philips/cdi.cpp:1059"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/philips/cdi.cpp:922"
    contents:
      - name: "cdi200.rom"
        description: "Magnavox CD-i 200"
@@ -1172,7 +1168,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: namco-system573
-    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/ksys573.cpp:6429"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/ksys573.cpp:6415"
    contents:
      - name: "700a01.22g"
        description: "Standard"
@@ -1210,7 +1206,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: konami-gx
-    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/konamigx.cpp:4202"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/konamigx.cpp:4191"
    contents:
      - name: "300a01.34k"
        size: 131072
@@ -1221,7 +1217,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: konami-gv
-    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/konamigv.cpp:1469"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/konamigv.cpp:1447"
    contents:
      - name: "999a01.7e"
        size: 524288
@@ -1232,7 +1228,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: konami-viper
-    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/viper.cpp:3225"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/viper.cpp:3213"
    contents:
      - name: "941b01.u25"
        size: 262144
@@ -1251,7 +1247,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: konami-twinkle
-    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/twinkle.cpp:1665"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/konami/twinkle.cpp:1643"
    contents:
      - name: "863a03.7b"
        size: 524288
@@ -1290,7 +1286,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: capcom-zn1
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:5984"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:5969"
    contents:
      - name: "m534002c-13.ic353"
        description: "japan"
@@ -1311,7 +1307,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: capcom-zn2
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6070"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6055"
    contents:
      - name: "m534002c-59.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1326,7 +1322,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: taito-fx1
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6004"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:5989"
    contents:
      - name: "m534002c-14.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1341,7 +1337,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: acclaim-zn1
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6030"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6015"
    contents:
      - name: "m534002c-15.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1356,7 +1352,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: atari-zn1
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6039"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6024"
    contents:
      - name: "msm27c402zb.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1371,7 +1367,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: atlus-zn1
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6043"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6028"
    contents:
      - name: "m534002c-17.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1386,7 +1382,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: videosystem-zn1
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6047"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6032"
    contents:
      - name: "coh-1002v.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1401,7 +1397,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: eighting-zn1
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6053"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6038"
    contents:
      - name: "m27c402cz-54.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1416,7 +1412,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: tecmo-tps
-    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6104"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/sony/zn.cpp:6089"
    contents:
      - name: "m534002c-61.ic353"
        size: 524288
@@ -1767,7 +1763,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: exidy-maxaflex
-    source_ref: "src/mame/atari/maxaflex.cpp:448"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/atari/maxaflex.cpp:447"
    contents:
      - name: "atarixl.rom"
        size: 16384
@@ -1787,7 +1783,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: brezzasoft-crystal
-    source_ref: "src/mame/misc/crystal.cpp:871"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/misc/crystal.cpp:845"
    contents:
      - name: "mx27l1000.u14"
        description: "AMG0110B PCB"
@@ -1812,7 +1808,7 @@ files:
    required: true
    category: bios_zip
    system: efo-cedar-magnet
-    source_ref: "src/mame/efo/cedar_magnet.cpp:1316"
+    source_ref: "src/mame/efo/cedar_magnet.cpp:1166"
    contents:
      - name: "magnet-master-vid-e03.bin"
        size: 8192
@@ -215,4 +215,4 @@ files:
    note: >
      Keyboard remapping configuration (text file). User-created file
      for custom keyboard layout. The core uses built-in defaults if absent.
-    source_ref: "keystat.c:43,113-148"
+    source_ref: "keystat.c:46,116-151"
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ notes: |
  Doukutsu.exe there (nxengine/libretro/libretro.cpp:289-294). When launched with a .exe
  content file, it uses the parent directory of that file (nxengine/libretro/libretro.cpp:272).

-  At startup (main.cpp:75-90), the core opens Doukutsu.exe and extracts:
+  At startup (nxengine/main.cpp:75-90), the core opens Doukutsu.exe and extracts:
  ORG music (extractorg.c), PXT sound effects (extractpxt.c), stage tile
  attributes (extractstages.c), 18 credit BMPs + pixel.bmp (endpic/),
  and the wavetable (nxengine/extract-auto/cachefiles.c:464-485). All kept in memory.
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ notes: |
  The data/ directory (399 files from the freeware release) is loaded into
  an in-memory cache at init (nxengine/extract-auto/cachefiles.c:38-439, 497-540). All subsequent
  file access goes through this cache. The core verifies data/ by checking
-  for data/npc.tbl (main.cpp:47-58).
+  for data/npc.tbl (nxengine/main.cpp:47-58).

  The font is compiled-in (bitmap_font.h). The upstream standalone version
  uses font.ttf via SDL_ttf.
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ files:
    size: 1478656
    md5: "38695d3d69d7a0ada8178072dad4c58b"
    sha1: "bb2d0441e073da9c584f23c2ad8c7ab8aac293bf"
-    source_ref: "main.cpp:77-78 (opened for extraction), nxengine/libretro/libretro.cpp:290 (existence check)"
+    source_ref: "nxengine/main.cpp:77-78 (opened for extraction), nxengine/libretro/libretro.cpp:278 (existence check)"
    note: "Placed in system/nxengine/. The core extracts ORG music, PXT sounds, stage tile attributes, BMP graphics, and wavetable from this binary at each launch."

  - name: "data/"
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ files:
    system: cave-story
    description: "NPC attribute table (entity behavior flags, HP, damage, display rect offsets)"
    required: true
-    source_ref: "main.cpp:50 (existence check for data/ directory), ai/ai.cpp:56-59 (loaded for NPC properties)"
+    source_ref: "nxengine/main.cpp:47-53 (existence check for data/ directory), nxengine/ai/ai.cpp:56-59 (loaded for NPC properties)"
    note: "Located in system/nxengine/data/. Used to validate data directory presence and to load NPC behavior attributes."

  - name: "data/sprites.sif"
@@ -84,5 +84,5 @@ files:
    description: "Tile attribute lookup table (maps tile codes to collision/behavior attributes)"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
-    source_ref: "map.cpp:290-303 (loaded at init, hardcoded default if missing)"
-    note: "Not part of the freeware distribution. Generated by the standalone NXEngine extraction tool. The libretro core has hardcoded defaults in map.cpp:30."
+    source_ref: "nxengine/map.cpp:290-303 (loaded at init, hardcoded default if missing)"
+    note: "Not part of the freeware distribution. Generated by the standalone NXEngine extraction tool. The libretro core has hardcoded defaults in nxengine/map.cpp:30."
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ files:
    required: false
    description: "64DD IPL ROM"
    note: "Only loaded when a 64DD disk image (.ndd) is present via subsystem API. Core fails to load disk games without it."
-    source_ref: "libretro/libretro.c:1021"
+    source_ref: "libretro/libretro.c:848"

 notes:
  hle_available: true
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ notes: |

 files:
  - name: "<bios>.bin"
-    path: "pcsx2/bios/"
+    path: "pcsx2/bios/<bios>.bin"
    description: "PS2 BIOS image"
    min_size: 4194304
    max_size: 8388608
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ files:
      auto selection accept any size that passes the romdir check.

  - name: "<bios>.rom1"
-    path: "pcsx2/bios/"
+    path: "pcsx2/bios/<bios>.rom1"
    description: "DVD player ROM"
    max_size: 4194304
    required: false
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ files:
      skipped with a console line when absent.

  - name: "<bios>.rom2"
-    path: "pcsx2/bios/"
+    path: "pcsx2/bios/<bios>.rom2"
    description: "Chinese ROM extension"
    max_size: 4194304
    required: false
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ files:
      Same lookup as rom1. Present on Chinese region consoles only.

  - name: "<bios>.nvm"
-    path: "pcsx2/bios/"
+    path: "pcsx2/bios/<bios>.nvm"
    description: "Console NVRAM (region parameters, language, iLink ID, OSD settings)"
    size: 1024
    required: false
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ files:
      on save.

  - name: "<bios>.mec"
-    path: "pcsx2/bios/"
+    path: "pcsx2/bios/<bios>.mec"
    description: "Mechacon version, one u32"
    size: 4
    required: false
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ systems:
  - sega-megadrive
  - sega-genesis
  - sega-megacd
-  - sega-segacd
+  - sega-megacd
  - sega-32x
  - sega-mastersystem
  - sega-gamegear
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ files:
  # Mega CD / Sega CD - US region
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: "us_scd2_9306.bin"
-    system: sega-segacd
+    system: sega-megacd
    variant_group: "mega-cd-bios"
    region: [north-america]
    priority: 1
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "platform/libretro/libretro.c:1273"

  - name: "SegaCDBIOS9303.bin"
-    system: sega-segacd
+    system: sega-megacd
    variant_group: "mega-cd-bios"
    region: [north-america]
    priority: 2
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "platform/libretro/libretro.c:1273"

  - name: "us_scd1_9210.bin"
-    system: sega-segacd
+    system: sega-megacd
    variant_group: "mega-cd-bios"
    region: [north-america]
    priority: 3
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "platform/libretro/libretro.c:1273"

  - name: "bios_CD_U.bin"
-    system: sega-segacd
+    system: sega-megacd
    variant_group: "mega-cd-bios"
    region: [north-america]
    priority: 4
@@ -51,5 +51,5 @@ files:
    md5: "72ae1b47820fcc93cc0df9c428d0face"
    sha1: "5f4aed208301449c2e9514edfd325fe9dead76fa"
    crc32: "a5751b99"
-    source_ref: "src/d_main.c:1438-1476 (PACKAGE .wad load), libretro/libretro.c:4254-4330 (I_FindFile search), src/config.h:39 (PACKAGE=prboom)"
+    source_ref: "src/d_main.c:1449-1465 (PACKAGE .wad load), libretro/libretro.c:4171-4252 (I_FindFile search), src/config.h:39 (PACKAGE=prboom)"
    note: "Searched in system/prboom/ then system/. Falls back to internal defaults if missing, but menus and HUD may render incorrectly without it."
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ notes: |
  capsimg.so/capsimg.dll is an optional shared library for IPF floppy image
  support (SPS/CAPS format). Not a BIOS file, loaded dynamically at runtime.

-  Source: libretro/libretro-core.h:140-245, libretro/libretro-core.c:5612-5752,
+  Source: libretro/libretro-core.h:140-245, libretro/libretro-core.c:5609-5777,
  libretro/libretro-core.c:6044-6093

 files:
@@ -243,20 +243,20 @@ files:
    system: commodore-amiga
    required: false
    note: "Amiga Forever ROM decryption key. Copied to saves/WHDLoad/Devs/Kickstarts/ for WHDLoad."
-    source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:5969-5980"
+    source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:5963-5978"

  - name: "WHDLoad.key"
    system: commodore-amiga
    required: false
    unsourceable: "per-user signed registration key, never distributed generically, WHDLoad free since v18.2"
    note: "WHDLoad license key. Copied to saves/WHDLoad/L/ for registered WHDLoad use."
-    source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:5985-5998"
+    source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:5979-5994"

  - name: "WHDLoad.prefs"
    system: commodore-amiga
    required: false
    note: "WHDLoad preferences. Copied to saves/WHDLoad/S/ when present."
-    source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:6000-6023"
+    source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:5995-6018"

 model_kickstart_map:
  A500:     {kickstart: "kick34005.A500", ext: null}
@@ -290,4 +290,4 @@ platform_details:
    amiga_forever: "amiga-os-{version}.rom"
    tosec: "Kickstart v{version} rev {rev} ({year})(Commodore)({model}).rom"
  scan_prefixes: ["kick", "amiga-os", "KS ROM"]
-  source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:2651-2678"
+  source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:2650-2677"
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ notes: |
  capsimg.so/capsimg.dll is an optional shared library for IPF floppy image
  support (SPS/CAPS format). Not a BIOS file, loaded dynamically at runtime.

-  Source: libretro/libretro-core.h:140-245, libretro/libretro-core.c:5384-5550,
-  libretro/libretro-core.c:5636-5795
+  Source: libretro/libretro-core.h:140-245, libretro/libretro-core.c:5533-5701,
+  libretro/libretro-core.c:5788-5879

 files:
  # -------------------------------------------------------
@@ -247,20 +247,20 @@ files:
    system: commodore-amiga
    required: false
    note: "Amiga Forever ROM decryption key. Copied to saves/WHDLoad/Devs/Kickstarts/ for WHDLoad."
-    source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:5735-5746"
+    source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:5887-5902"

  - name: "WHDLoad.key"
    system: commodore-amiga
    required: false
    unsourceable: "per-user signed registration key, never distributed generically, WHDLoad free since v18.2"
    note: "WHDLoad license key. Copied to saves/WHDLoad/L/ for registered WHDLoad use."
-    source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:5751-5764"
+    source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:5903-5918"

  - name: "WHDLoad.prefs"
    system: commodore-amiga
    required: false
    note: "WHDLoad preferences. Copied to saves/WHDLoad/S/ when present."
-    source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:5768-5791"
+    source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:5919-5942"

 model_kickstart_map:
  A500:     {kickstart: "kick34005.A500", ext: null}
@@ -294,4 +294,4 @@ platform_details:
    amiga_forever: "amiga-os-{version}.rom"
    tosec: "Kickstart v{version} rev {rev} ({year})(Commodore)({model}).rom"
  scan_prefixes: ["kick", "amiga-os", "KS ROM"]
-  source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:2577-2616"
+  source_ref: "libretro/libretro-core.c:2629-2656"
@@ -20,19 +20,19 @@ mode: standalone
 files:
  - name: "prod.keys"
    required: true
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/prod.keys"
    note: "Switch production keys for NCA decryption"
    source_ref: "src/Ryujinx.HLE/FileSystem/VirtualFileSystem.cs:239"

  - name: "title.keys"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/title.keys"
    note: "Per-title decryption keys, needed for specific game content"
    source_ref: "src/Ryujinx.HLE/FileSystem/VirtualFileSystem.cs:240"

  - name: "console.keys"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/console.keys"
    note: "Console-specific keys for encrypted content"
    source_ref: "src/Ryujinx.HLE/FileSystem/VirtualFileSystem.cs:241"

@@ -48,20 +48,20 @@ files:
  - name: "libSceLibcInternal.sprx"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceLibcInternal.sprx"
    description: "PS4 C standard library"
    source_ref: "src/core/linker.cpp:80-91"

  - name: "libSceNgs2.sprx"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceNgs2.sprx"
    description: "PS4 next-generation audio system"
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:217"

  - name: "libSceUlt.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceUlt.sprx"
    description: "PS4 user-level threading library"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:218"
@@ -69,13 +69,13 @@ files:
  - name: "libSceRtc.sprx"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceRtc.sprx"
    description: "PS4 real-time clock library"
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:221"

  - name: "libSceJpegDec.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceJpegDec.sprx"
    description: "PS4 JPEG decoder"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:222"
@@ -83,83 +83,83 @@ files:
  - name: "libSceJpegEnc.sprx"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceJpegEnc.sprx"
    description: "PS4 JPEG encoder"
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:223"

  - name: "libScePngEnc.sprx"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libScePngEnc.sprx"
    description: "PS4 PNG encoder"
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:225"

  - name: "libSceJson.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceJson.sprx"
    description: "PS4 JSON parser"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:226"

  - name: "libSceJson2.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceJson2.sprx"
    description: "PS4 JSON v2 parser"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:227"

  - name: "libSceCesCs.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceCesCs.sprx"
    description: "PS4 character encoding conversion"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:228"

  - name: "libSceAt9Enc.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceAt9Enc.sprx"
    description: "PS4 ATRAC9 encoder"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:229"

  - name: "libSceAudiodec.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceAudiodec.sprx"
    description: "PS4 audio decoder"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:230"

  - name: "libSceAudiodecCpu.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceAudiodecCpu.sprx"
    description: "PS4 CPU audio decoder"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:231"

  - name: "libSceAudiodecCpuDdp.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceAudiodecCpuDdp.sprx"
    description: "PS4 CPU Dolby Digital Plus decoder"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:232"

  - name: "libSceAudiodecCpuM4aac.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceAudiodecCpuM4aac.sprx"
    description: "PS4 CPU AAC decoder"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:233"

  - name: "libSceAudiodecCpuDtsHdLbr.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceAudiodecCpuDtsHdLbr.sprx"
    description: "PS4 CPU DTS-HD LBR decoder"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:234"

  - name: "libSceAudiodecCpuHevag.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceAudiodecCpuHevag.sprx"
    description: "PS4 CPU HEVAG decoder"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:235"
@@ -167,34 +167,34 @@ files:
  - name: "libSceFont.sprx"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceFont.sprx"
    description: "PS4 font rendering library"
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:236"

  - name: "libSceFontFt.sprx"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceFontFt.sprx"
    description: "PS4 FreeType font library"
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:237"

  - name: "libSceFreeTypeOt.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceFreeTypeOt.sprx"
    description: "PS4 FreeType OpenType library"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:238"

  - name: "libSceFreeTypeOl.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceFreeTypeOl.sprx"
    description: "PS4 FreeType outline library"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:239"

  - name: "libSceFreeTypeOptOl.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceFreeTypeOptOl.sprx"
    description: "PS4 FreeType optimised outline library"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:240"
@@ -202,13 +202,13 @@ files:
  - name: "libSceRudp.sprx"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceRudp.sprx"
    description: "PS4 reliable UDP library"
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:243"

  - name: "libSceWkFontConfig.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceWkFontConfig.sprx"
    description: "PS4 WebKit font configuration"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:244"
@@ -216,13 +216,13 @@ files:
  - name: "libSceSystemGesture.sprx"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceSystemGesture.sprx"
    description: "PS4 system gesture recognition"
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:249"

  - name: "libSceXml.sprx"
    required: false
-    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/"
+    path: "shadps4/sys_modules/libSceXml.sprx"
    description: "PS4 XML parser"
    note: "No HLE implementation; the module is stubbed when absent."
    source_ref: "src/core/libraries/sysmodule/sysmodule_internal.cpp:250"
@@ -25,25 +25,25 @@ mode: standalone
 files:
  - name: "prod.keys"
    required: true
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/prod.keys"
    note: "Production keys for NCA decryption (master, key area, header, titlekek)"
    source_ref: "src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp:654"

  - name: "title.keys"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/title.keys"
    note: "Per-title encryption keys (rights_id to titlekey mappings)"
    source_ref: "src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp:657"

  - name: "console.keys"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/console.keys"
    note: "Console-specific keys (BIS, SD seed)"
    source_ref: "src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp:658"

  - name: "key_retail.bin"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/key_retail.bin"
    size: 160
    note: "Amiibo decryption keys (two InternalKey structs, 0x50 bytes each)"
    source_ref: "src/core/hle/service/nfc/common/amiibo_crypto.cpp:273-294"
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ notes: |
  Source: retrodep/embedded/*.c (embedded ROM tables),
  vice/src/*/rom.h (ROM name defines), vice/src/drive/driverom.h (drive ROMs),
  retrodep/ui.c:274-315 (JiffyDOS loading), retrodep/ui.c:258-271 (SCPU kernal),
-  libretro/libretro-core.c:2807-2872 (core options for JiffyDOS/SCPU)
+  libretro/libretro-core.c:2806-2871 (core options for JiffyDOS/SCPU)

 files:
  # -------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ files:
    hle_fallback: true
    embedded: false
    note: "SuperCPU DOS v1.40 external kernal. Optional, selected via core option. Goes in system/vice/SCPU64/."
-    source_ref: "retrodep/ui.c:266, libretro/libretro-core.c:2832"
+    source_ref: "retrodep/ui.c:266, libretro/libretro-core.c:2830"

  - name: "vice/SCPU64/scpu-dos-2.04.bin"
    system: commodore-c64
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ files:
    hle_fallback: true
    embedded: false
    note: "SuperCPU DOS v2.04 external kernal. Optional, selected via core option. Goes in system/vice/SCPU64/."
-    source_ref: "retrodep/ui.c:263, libretro/libretro-core.c:2834"
+    source_ref: "retrodep/ui.c:263, libretro/libretro-core.c:2831"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Drive ROMs (shared across all cores with True Drive Emulation)
@@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ files:
    hle_fallback: true
    embedded: false
    note: "JiffyDOS C64 kernal replacement. Optional, proprietary. Requires True Drive Emulation + 1541/1571/1581 drive."
-    source_ref: "retrodep/ui.c:302, libretro/libretro-core.c:2862"
+    source_ref: "retrodep/ui.c:302, libretro/libretro-core.c:2859"

  - name: "vice/JiffyDOS_SX-64.bin"
    system: commodore-c64
@@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ files:
    hle_fallback: true
    embedded: false
    note: "JiffyDOS C128 kernal replacement. Optional, proprietary. C128 core only."
-    source_ref: "retrodep/ui.c:309, libretro/libretro-core.c:2864"
+    source_ref: "retrodep/ui.c:309, libretro/libretro-core.c:2861"

  - name: "vice/JiffyDOS_1541-II.bin"
    system: commodore-c64
@@ -112,10 +112,11 @@ files:
    required: false
    size: 131072
    validation: [size]
-    aliases:
-      - boot.rom
+    sha1: "af643900fea84234e08b616a6d27f03f0a61db96"
+    md5: "6e844759720226e58d55ecaf33608a13"
+    crc32: "ae25bdf5"
    description: "Model-M cart boot ROM, read when the BIOS type is Model M"
-    source_ref: "libretro.c:5358-5380"
+    source_ref: "libretro.c:5358-5380, src/bios/jagbios_m.c:9"
    note: >-
      Read from the system directory only, as jagboot_m.rom, and only when
      biosType is BT_M_SERIES. A short read falls back to the embedded
@@ -26,25 +26,25 @@ mode: standalone
 files:
  - name: "prod.keys"
    required: true
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/prod.keys"
    note: "Production keys for NCA decryption (master, key area, header, titlekek)"
    source_ref: "src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp:655-656"

  - name: "title.keys"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/title.keys"
    note: "Per-title encryption keys (rights_id to titlekey mappings)"
    source_ref: "src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp:659-660"

  - name: "console.keys"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/console.keys"
    note: "Console-specific keys (BIS, SD seed)"
    source_ref: "src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp:661-662"

  - name: "key_retail.bin"
    required: false
-    path: "switch/"
+    path: "switch/key_retail.bin"
    size: 160
    note: "Amiibo decryption keys (two InternalKey structs, 0x50 bytes each)"
    source_ref: "src/core/hle/service/nfc/common/amiibo_crypto.cpp:273-294"
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ files:
  # ============================================================

  - name: "48.rom"
+    sha1: "5ea7c2b824672e914525d1d5c419d71b84a426a2"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -100,6 +101,7 @@ files:
    note: "48K BASIC. Also loaded four times over as the TBBlue fast-boot image (src/cpu.c:3653-3662)."

  - name: "48es.rom"
+    sha1: "9e535e2e24231ccb65e33d107f6d0ceb23e99477"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -109,6 +111,7 @@ files:
    note: "Spanish 48K+ ROM, selected for MACHINE_ID_SPECTRUM_48_PLUS_SPA."

  - name: "inves.rom"
+    sha1: "d020440638aff4d39467128413ef795677be9c23"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -118,6 +121,7 @@ files:
    note: "Investronica Inves Spectrum+. Loaded at memoria_spectrum[65536] (src/cpu.c:3551-3557)."

  - name: "128.rom"
+    sha1: "16375d42ea109b47edded7a16028de7fdb3013a1"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -126,6 +130,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3312-3314, src/utils.c:4100"

  - name: "128s.rom"
+    sha1: "57c0b6681224378ce1d279fde13d644478423783"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -134,6 +139,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3316-3318, src/utils.c:4100"

  - name: "p2.rom"
+    sha1: "8cafb292af58617907b9e6b9093d3588a75849b8"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -143,6 +149,7 @@ files:
    note: "ZX Spectrum +2."

  - name: "p2f.rom"
+    sha1: "8a5be00921afd4e2c74059c217b31b9fb51c3d41"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -151,6 +158,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3327-3329, src/utils.c:4100"

  - name: "p2s.rom"
+    sha1: "baca5d798b3e786078feded19486d9fc29dbd4b7"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -159,6 +167,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3331-3333, src/utils.c:4100"

  - name: "p2a40.rom"
+    sha1: "929bf1a5e5687ebd8d7245f9b513a596c0ec21a4"
    size: 65536
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -168,6 +177,7 @@ files:
    note: "+2A/+3 ROM v4.0."

  - name: "p2a41.rom"
+    sha1: "500c0945760abeefcbd08bc22c0d07b14b336cf0"
    size: 65536
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -177,6 +187,7 @@ files:
    note: "+2A/+3 ROM v4.1."

  - name: "p2as.rom"
+    sha1: "a4b311135ccbe010318dcb872dae2c8f078c7447"
    size: 65536
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -185,6 +196,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3347-3350, src/utils.c:4102"

  - name: "pentagon.rom"
+    sha1: "a584272f21dc82c14b7d4f1ed440e23a976e71f0"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -193,6 +205,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3381-3383, src/utils.c:4100 (MACHINE_IS_SPECTRUM_128_P2 covers Pentagon, src/cpu.h:545)"

  - name: "se.rom"
+    sha1: "14321f2092b8af21b52b35c1518d9a753d6618d4"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -202,6 +215,7 @@ files:
    note: "Chloe 140SE/280SE, SE Basic IV."

  - name: "chrome.rom"
+    sha1: "fb305656769765224c58ca02445d4bf041891d18"
    size: 65536
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -210,6 +224,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3406-3408, src/utils.c:4112"

  - name: "prism.rom"
+    sha1: "6e03d87f868c40d5662ef6906931c77ba1b8b2c2"
    size: 327680
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -219,6 +234,7 @@ files:
    note: "20 pages of 16K. Page map documented at src/cpu.c:3622-3638."

  - name: "prism_failsafe.rom"
+    sha1: "d020440638aff4d39467128413ef795677be9c23"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -228,6 +244,7 @@ files:
    note: "Loaded straight after prism.rom by prism_load_failsafe_rom(). The only ROM whose absence is fatal: the loader calls cpu_panic both when the file is missing and when the read is not 16384 bytes."

  - name: "zxuno_bootloader.rom"
+    sha1: "0afcb798128e6587e7ea0787714568f7b68be012"
    size: 8126
    required: true
    bundled: true
@@ -236,6 +253,7 @@ files:
    size_note: "Read caps at 8192 bytes and only errors when fewer than 1 byte is read, so no exact size check. get_rom_size returns 214 for ZX-Uno (src/utils.c:4104) but that value is unused on this path."

  - name: "zxevo_tsconf.rom"
+    sha1: "2551026b7d63a2627f79701e26688a7d715dc96a"
    size: 524288
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -244,6 +262,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3410-3412, src/utils.c:4114"

  - name: "zxevo_baseconf.rom"
+    sha1: "1570048704f11dc239060ee4f63190d199c94987"
    size: 524288
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -257,6 +276,7 @@ files:
  # ============================================================

  - name: "tbblue_loader.rom"
+    sha1: "8b2e927d0523bc27bffcc34c39527ab0d2362e0c"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -266,6 +286,7 @@ files:
    note: "FPGA loader, mirrored to 16K at src/cpu.c:3665. Bypassed when --tbblue-fast-boot-mode selects 48.rom instead."

  - name: "tbblue.mmc"
+    sha1: "e838e1d63dc9c1e518a79195c9512042dffb765f"
    size: 67108864
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -279,6 +300,7 @@ files:
  # ============================================================

  - name: "tk90x.rom"
+    sha1: "9a943a008be13194fb006bddffa7d22d2277813f"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -287,6 +309,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3294-3296, src/utils.c:4098"

  - name: "tk90xs.rom"
+    sha1: "a9421b9e3a17689b7392da1f72dc71dd46e09ab1"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -295,6 +318,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3298-3300, src/utils.c:4098"

  - name: "tk95.rom"
+    sha1: "94edc401d43b0e9a9cdc1d35de4b6462dc414ab3"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -303,6 +327,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3302-3304, src/utils.c:4098"

  - name: "tk95es.rom"
+    sha1: "54f3445374d1758a3133232672e8783cb4fc7a32"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -315,6 +340,7 @@ files:
  # ============================================================

  - name: "tc2048.rom"
+    sha1: "febb2d495b6eda7cdcb4074935d6e9d9f328972d"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -323,6 +349,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3418-3420, src/utils.c:4098 (TC2048 falls under MACHINE_IS_SPECTRUM_16_48, src/cpu.h:543)"

  - name: "ts2068.rom"
+    sha1: "34cd8113bf75b65a4da6eea355f9d46ad635f7e4"
    size: 24576
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -332,6 +359,7 @@ files:
    note: "Read as two blocks: 16384 into the main ROM table, then 8192 into the EX ROM table. Serves TS2068 and TC2068."

  - name: "ts1500.rom"
+    sha1: "3eb437359221b4406d236085ec66fa02278e7495"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -344,6 +372,7 @@ files:
  # ============================================================

  - name: "zx80.rom"
+    sha1: "b6769a3197c77009e0933e038c15b43cf4c98c7a"
    size: [4096, 8192]
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -353,6 +382,7 @@ files:
    note: "Serves ZX80, TK80 and TK82. An 8192-byte file is accepted as-is so the ZX81 ROM can run on a ZX80 (src/cpu.c:3758)."

  - name: "zx81.rom"
+    sha1: "7b143ee964e9ada89d1f9e88f0bd48d919184cfc"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -362,6 +392,7 @@ files:
    note: "Serves ZX81, Timex TS1000, TK82C, TK83 and the Czerweny CZ 1000/1500 models."

  - name: "tk85.rom"
+    sha1: "7b961a1733fc047eb682150a32e17bca10a018d2"
    size: 10240
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -371,6 +402,7 @@ files:
    note: "The TK85 test precedes the generic ZX81 test in get_rom_size, so 10240 wins over 8192."

  - name: "zxpand_zx81.rom"
+    sha1: "3bdbf55720cf9623431a4d4017fa8f165aac4a66"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -380,6 +412,7 @@ files:
    note: "ZXpand interface firmware. A short read disables ZXpand emulation."

  - name: "zxpand_zx80.rom"
+    sha1: "8968261beab240e8a06e8cfe9e070987d860064b"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -388,6 +421,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/storage/zxpand.c:72, src/storage/zxpand.c:240, src/storage/zxpand.c:246-254"

  - name: "ace.rom"
+    sha1: "597ba8a15a292688333c84dc9fd35172abe5e7e6"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -400,6 +434,7 @@ files:
  # ============================================================

  - name: "ql_js.rom"
+    sha1: "6e1e3cae275d0cd58977258c0b13480c8e910138"
    size: 49152
    min_size: 16384
    validation: [size]
@@ -410,6 +445,7 @@ files:
    size_note: "Reads up to 131072 bytes and errors only below 16384, so the check is a minimum rather than an exact size."

  - name: "ql_jm.rom"
+    sha1: "6a8468dcdb27dc1b194febba8c957c4ef4313538"
    size: 49152
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -418,6 +454,7 @@ files:
    note: "JM release. Reachable through --romfile; the switch selects ql_js.rom."

  - name: "tkii220.rom"
+    sha1: "f364472a81352479290e388e9a5afb57a0de8249"
    size: 16384
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -426,6 +463,7 @@ files:
    note: "QJUMP Toolkit II 2.20, the ROM ql.c names as the example for --ql-rom-c000-file. ql_load_extra_roms() runs after the system ROM and reads 16K into memoria_ql at 0xC000 from the path the option gives; the read count is not checked."

  - name: "qsound_V1.94.rom"
+    sha1: "622a81dce98524148f067780c17eddbaf46e27f6"
    aliases: ["Qsound_V1.94.rom"]
    size: 8192
    required: false
@@ -435,6 +473,7 @@ files:
    note: "QL Qsound firmware, read into memoria_ql at 0xC0000 once --ql-qsound-enabled is set; the read count is not checked and --ql-qsound-rom points the loader at another file. QSOUND_ROM_FILE is spelled qsound_V1.94.rom while the shipped file is Qsound_V1.94.rom, so the default only resolves on a case-insensitive filesystem."

  - name: "Z88OZ47.rom"
+    sha1: "35e528e81d8f4e5860adf4160a3da0926525c8fa"
    size: 524288
    required: true
    bundled: true
@@ -443,6 +482,7 @@ files:
    size_note: "Reads up to 512K and errors only when nothing is read; z88_internal_rom_size is derived from the byte count, so any size is accepted."

  - name: "mk14.rom"
+    sha1: "802dc637ce5391a2a6627f76f919b12a869b56ef"
    size: 512
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -455,6 +495,7 @@ files:
  # ============================================================

  - name: "cpc464.rom"
+    sha1: "56d39c463da60968d93e58b4ba0e675829412a20"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -464,6 +505,7 @@ files:
    note: "Serves CPC 464 and CPC 4128."

  - name: "cpc664.rom"
+    sha1: "4a38f7f5bf7fd0a95cf882433c69e67251a46868"
    size: 49152
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -472,6 +514,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3476-3478, src/utils.c:4142"

  - name: "cpc6128.rom"
+    sha1: "29dd0487dc5a96cd00966d074de8700ddd4ee18b"
    size: 49152
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -480,6 +523,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3480-3482, src/utils.c:4142"

  - name: "pcw_boot.rom"
+    sha1: "245a173cfc7976a4cae8d255f3d1422aeaf5f09a"
    size: 275
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -489,6 +533,7 @@ files:
    note: "Boot block the PCW pulls into RAM rather than a mapped ROM (src/cpu.c:3849). Serves PCW 8256 and 8512."

  - name: "pcw_8x_boot1.dsk"
+    sha1: "3be724b3bfa01d03931463b8501ffb5c3f3621b7"
    size: 194864
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -497,6 +542,7 @@ files:
    note: "LocoScript boot disc, inserted by pcw_boot_locoscript()."

  - name: "pcw_8x_boot2.dsk"
+    sha1: "4c13bba076897076322b375e34f87306640cf0d6"
    size: 194864
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -509,6 +555,7 @@ files:
  # ============================================================

  - name: "samcoupe.rom"
+    sha1: "c86601633fb61a8c517f7657aad9af4e6870f2ee"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -517,6 +564,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3484-3487, src/utils.c:4144"

  - name: "atomlite.rom"
+    sha1: "b2303b7200f5a17b54b841af9f0604db7bbdd1ab"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -526,6 +574,7 @@ files:
    note: "Replaces samcoupe.rom when Atom Lite emulation is on."

  - name: "samram.rom"
+    sha1: "acac00b8b342d19ce9bb35a8744a9c0060d5eedd"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -535,6 +584,7 @@ files:
    note: "SamRam interface firmware, opened from a path the user selects."

  - name: "samram_eng.rom"
+    sha1: "5344ee16523862fa66e9397d1f8cfa2b2cbaf341"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -548,6 +598,7 @@ files:
  # ============================================================

  - name: "coleco.rom"
+    sha1: "99ba9be24ada3e86e5c17aeecb7a2d68c5edfe59"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -556,6 +607,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3385-3387, src/utils.c:4120"

  - name: "sg1000.rom"
+    sha1: "fdea3168fda81e5f25f7dee3a7231192a492836e"
    size: 155
    required: true
    bundled: true
@@ -564,6 +616,7 @@ files:
    size_note: "Nothing is read from this file. The SG-1000 branch is empty and the source comment states the file only has to exist for the open to succeed."

  - name: "sms.rom"
+    sha1: "c315672807d8ddb8d91443729405c766dd95cae7"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -572,6 +625,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3393-3395, src/utils.c:4124"

  - name: "msx.rom"
+    sha1: "e998f0c441f4f1800ef44e42cd1659150206cf79"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -580,6 +634,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/cpu.c:3397-3399, src/utils.c:4126"

  - name: "svi.rom"
+    sha1: "7d8daf52f78371ca2c9443e04827c8e1f98c8f2c"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: true
@@ -593,6 +648,7 @@ files:
  # ============================================================

  - name: "esxmmc085.rom"
+    sha1: "aa4c31dc9b08d80d0107b580d5a9216d23214776"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -602,6 +658,7 @@ files:
    note: "divMMC esxdos firmware, the default when --divmmc-rom is unset. Needed by --enable-esxdos-handler, which the ES-DE zxnext command line sets."

  - name: "esxide085.rom"
+    sha1: "178bae9e9209c43282e12c09884562e4ddf07e68"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -611,6 +668,7 @@ files:
    note: "divIDE esxdos firmware, the default when --divide-rom is unset."

  - name: "unodos3.rom"
+    sha1: "cdb90bd05b073ec7a5f875444e29ab0f6bcee9ac"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -620,6 +678,7 @@ files:
    note: "divMMC firmware substituted for esxmmc085.rom on Chloe machines."

  - name: "trdos.rom"
+    sha1: "0a74bd34538a03d0e1d214b425d95c14ad10c8c4"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -629,6 +688,7 @@ files:
    note: "Beta Disk / TR-DOS firmware."

  - name: "if1-v1.rom"
+    sha1: "4ffd9ed9c00cdc6f92ce69fdd8b618ef1203f48e"
    size: [8192, 16384]
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -638,6 +698,7 @@ files:
    note: "Interface 1 firmware version 1, selected when if1_rom_version is 1. The load accepts 8192 or 16384 bytes and disables Interface 1 emulation otherwise."

  - name: "if1-v2.rom"
+    sha1: "5cfb6bca4177c45fefd571734576b55e3a127c08"
    size: [8192, 16384]
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -647,6 +708,7 @@ files:
    note: "Interface 1 firmware version 2, the default branch of if1_return_rom_name()."

  - name: "hilow_datadrive.rom"
+    sha1: "fd3f165860c2564847805cfa7a7f769a627a687c"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -656,6 +718,7 @@ files:
    note: "HiLow Data Drive firmware."

  - name: "zxmmcplus.flash"
+    sha1: "9f0697c261c37e92bf2e488e3db223443c341b9d"
    size: 1048576
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -666,6 +729,7 @@ files:
    size_note: "The image holds ROM and RAM together, so the check is ZXMMCPLUS_FLASHROM_SIZE + ZXMMCPLUS_RAM_SIZE, not the 512K ROM constant alone."

  - name: "zxuno.flash"
+    sha1: "bb6740f15b5ed8d1d60f7f61f0737f769215ca57"
    size: 4194304
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -679,6 +743,7 @@ files:
  # ============================================================

  - name: "mf1.rom"
+    sha1: "ba28754a3cc31a4ca579829ed4310c313409cf5d"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -688,6 +753,7 @@ files:
    note: "Multiface One. The file selector rejects anything that is not exactly 8 KB."

  - name: "mf128.rom"
+    sha1: "f03f4ecbcf4a654f4775d16bda0d4cc47f884379"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -697,6 +763,7 @@ files:
    note: "Multiface 128."

  - name: "mf3.rom"
+    sha1: "5d74d2e2e5a537639da92ff120f8a6d86f474495"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -706,6 +773,7 @@ files:
    note: "Multiface 3."

  - name: "specmate.rom"
+    sha1: "c8f128610eeb5142d4d80f28e5dd07b7a5ab6b84"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -714,6 +782,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/copy_interfaces/specmate.h:27, src/copy_interfaces/specmate.h:29, src/copy_interfaces/specmate.c:189-205"

  - name: "phoenix3.rom"
+    sha1: "d4f01500e0383a1cf34683fb30d96230c14c7da3"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -722,6 +791,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/copy_interfaces/phoenix.h:27, src/copy_interfaces/phoenix.h:29, src/copy_interfaces/phoenix.c:142"

  - name: "defcon.rom"
+    sha1: "4c7d702e295a3383326606b805eab74affc501ba"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -730,6 +800,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/copy_interfaces/defcon.h:27, src/copy_interfaces/defcon.h:29, src/copy_interfaces/defcon.c:139"

  - name: "dinamid3.rom"
+    sha1: "9ee4ca7abee12ba6fb34aede2185f6aa3cb2800b"
    size: 2048
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -738,6 +809,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/copy_interfaces/dinamid3.h:27, src/copy_interfaces/dinamid3.h:29, src/copy_interfaces/dinamid3.c:142"

  - name: "interface007.rom"
+    sha1: "81af60ecd412854069227487417eb80b6c89934d"
    size: 2048
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -746,6 +818,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/copy_interfaces/interface007.h:27, src/copy_interfaces/interface007.h:29, src/copy_interfaces/interface007.c:143"

  - name: "ramjet2.rom"
+    sha1: "a3852ee24ab57e0e1d800c9d99cd244f7363449b"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -754,6 +827,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/copy_interfaces/ramjet.h:27, src/copy_interfaces/ramjet.h:28-30, src/copy_interfaces/ramjet.c:165"

  - name: "ramjet3.rom"
+    sha1: "362589adb01ebbf006a162e76062921c03ceb26e"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -762,6 +836,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/copy_interfaces/ramjet.h:28, src/copy_interfaces/ramjet.c:165"

  - name: "transtape2.rom"
+    sha1: "45d3e32d58b1c405b75ee72d80153dd0305bbd9d"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -771,6 +846,7 @@ files:
    note: "Selected when transtape_version is 2."

  - name: "transtape3-vC.rom"
+    sha1: "b7ec72fa0a55243a53c55d649e0555acea25d0c1"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -780,6 +856,7 @@ files:
    note: "Default for Transtape version 3."

  - name: "transtape3-vA.rom"
+    sha1: "c627527551e441a000184565a72df8ff37fce891"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -789,6 +866,7 @@ files:
    note: "Revision A, reached through the user-set transtape_rom_filename and loaded by the same size-checked path as the defaults."

  - name: "transtape3-vB.rom"
+    sha1: "82bf848bac698d1ffd9ca809c4293f004152645a"
    size: 16384
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -798,6 +876,7 @@ files:
    note: "Revision B, reached through the user-set transtape_rom_filename."

  - name: "hilow_barbanegra.rom"
+    sha1: "3b3862943758ad35f340537b742ca25a8286267a"
    size: 8192
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -806,6 +885,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/copy_interfaces/hilow_barbanegra.h:27, src/copy_interfaces/hilow_barbanegra.h:30, src/copy_interfaces/hilow_barbanegra.c:282"

  - name: "mhpokeador.rom"
+    sha1: "557f91755ede646a89e1146904a6d713f38d6b05"
    size: 1024
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -814,6 +894,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/copy_interfaces/mhpokeador.h:27, src/copy_interfaces/mhpokeador.h:39, src/copy_interfaces/mhpokeador.c:264"

  - name: "mhpokeador-transfer.rom"
+    sha1: "4099c5d8f65a25bc0053e5730b7c40a29bcfb614"
    size: 1024
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -822,6 +903,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/copy_interfaces/mhpokeador.h:28, src/copy_interfaces/mhpokeador.c:264"

  - name: "mhpokeador-salvapan.rom"
+    sha1: "4e438541ec2da0c3b9cf2cbf0cc3f5bc6cfb295e"
    size: 1024
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -830,6 +912,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/copy_interfaces/mhpokeador.h:29, src/copy_interfaces/mhpokeador.c:264"

  - name: "mantransfev3.bin"
+    sha1: "e134a38468ed84d53df164d97fa24990aa557da3"
    size: 200
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -842,6 +925,7 @@ files:
  # ============================================================

  - name: "gs105a.rom"
+    sha1: "1ba78923dc7d803e7995c165992e14e4608c2153"
    size: 32768
    validation: [size]
    required: false
@@ -851,6 +935,7 @@ files:
    note: "General Sound firmware v1.05a. GS_ROM_SIZE is in KB and the read is GS_ROM_SIZE*1024."

  - name: "gs104.rom"
+    sha1: "c865121306eb3a7d811d82fbcc653b4dc1d6fa3d"
    size: 32768
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -864,6 +949,7 @@ files:
  # ============================================================

  - name: "80-lec.rom"
+    sha1: "bb7a77d66e95d2e28ebb610e543c065e0d428619"
    size: 16384
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -871,6 +957,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/start.c:4876-4880, src/cpu.c:3520-3523"

  - name: "tk90x_v1br.rom"
+    sha1: "eab2eab803d8ec717b55a915de3bcb931b410a2f"
    size: 16384
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -878,6 +965,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/ALTERNATEROMS:97, src/start.c:4876-4880, src/cpu.c:3520-3523"

  - name: "tk90x_v2es.rom"
+    sha1: "a9af9c4d38882e2bd85086fc0c2d8d9afe90afad"
    size: 16384
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -886,6 +974,7 @@ files:
    note: "Corrected TK90X ROM."

  - name: "tk95es_modif.rom"
+    sha1: "1dd39ee98e236389467e91a86cf5d8ed52583ba5"
    size: 16384
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -894,6 +983,7 @@ files:
    note: "TK95 Spanish ROM with message and symbol fixes by Rodolfo Edison Guerra."

  - name: "Z88OZ431.rom"
+    sha1: "82e12674ba91eb85d4904c3948e4167aea6fd1b7"
    size: 524288
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -901,6 +991,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/ALTERNATEROMS:83-92, src/start.c:4876-4880"

  - name: "Z88OZ441.rom"
+    sha1: "778d188c201bd9eb6bf795e0cc8344a87600cd45"
    size: 524288
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -908,6 +999,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/ALTERNATEROMS:83-92, src/start.c:4876-4880"

  - name: "Z88OZ45.rom"
+    sha1: "aecf46de3563c6c6443e9780d633d7b7507e79ef"
    size: 524288
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -915,6 +1007,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/ALTERNATEROMS:83-92, src/start.c:4876-4880"

  - name: "Z88OZ46.rom"
+    sha1: "9e0e29baa3720abcbb8006cda8f19ea365faf20e"
    size: 524288
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -922,6 +1015,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/ALTERNATEROMS:83-92, src/start.c:4876-4880"

  - name: "Z88UK220.rom"
+    sha1: "5d89e8d98d2cc0acb8cd42dbfca601b7bd09c51e"
    size: 131072
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -929,6 +1023,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/ALTERNATEROMS:83-92, src/start.c:4876-4880"

  - name: "Z88UK300.rom"
+    sha1: "ceb688025b79454cf229cae4dbd0449df2747f79"
    size: 131072
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -936,6 +1031,7 @@ files:
    source_ref: "src/ALTERNATEROMS:83-92, src/start.c:4876-4880"

  - name: "Z88UK400.rom"
+    sha1: "23c63ceced72d0a9031cba08d2ebc72ca336921d"
    size: 131072
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -944,6 +1040,7 @@ files:

  - name: "aszmice07.rom"
    path: "alternate_roms/aszmice07.rom"
+    sha1: "7a37a248572689c8ac226c082b7026972d399b1c"
    size: 8192
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -953,6 +1050,7 @@ files:

  - name: "sp-rom.rom"
    path: "alternate_roms/sp-rom.rom"
+    sha1: "ef4b575b5b5cc18a3e6c71c241c65aa18957e2d5"
    size: 4096
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -962,6 +1060,7 @@ files:

  - name: "ace.rom"
    path: "alternate_roms/ace.rom"
+    sha1: "6e5c9416a1cc89fe4012627f496f71ff2bb07b81"
    size: 8192
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -972,6 +1071,7 @@ files:

  - name: "opense.rom"
    path: "alternate_roms/opense.rom"
+    sha1: "24a339c5c163a687a8fed50f93714c6450e2562d"
    size: 16384
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -981,6 +1081,7 @@ files:

  - name: "sebasic4_rom1.rom"
    path: "alternate_roms/sebasic4_rom1.rom"
+    sha1: "d7092d6d55ee8280057399362b5798d1f65d8eeb"
    size: 16384
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -990,6 +1091,7 @@ files:

  - name: "derby_p_32K.rom"
    path: "alternate_roms/derby_p_32K.rom"
+    sha1: "f9c337782f9a4781548528841babd5bd13f2b745"
    size: 32768
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -999,6 +1101,7 @@ files:

  - name: "derby_pp_64K.rom"
    path: "alternate_roms/derby_pp_64K.rom"
+    sha1: "7eaaf1ff19f74d5449033bacce9834d7b13022a9"
    size: 65536
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -1008,6 +1111,7 @@ files:

  - name: "plus2c.rom"
    path: "alternate_roms/plus2c.rom"
+    sha1: "98effb0e2dc4ecf6e9f70be9828a688341396c0c"
    size: 32768
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -1017,6 +1121,7 @@ files:

  - name: "plus2b.rom"
    path: "alternate_roms/plus2b.rom"
+    sha1: "420d8f1cd7bd75a79803eaa49e191d90cfd24f38"
    size: 65536
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -1026,6 +1131,7 @@ files:

  - name: "plus3e_mmcen3eE.rom"
    path: "alternate_roms/plus3e_mmcen3eE.rom"
+    sha1: "a579f9c3571669294dad37b04dcb889a9c147d94"
    size: 65536
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -1035,6 +1141,7 @@ files:

  - name: "plus3e_mmces3eE.rom"
    path: "alternate_roms/plus3e_mmces3eE.rom"
+    sha1: "44e98a3dfc966f7c8725c252487a44a2c0b450d6"
    size: 65536
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -1044,6 +1151,7 @@ files:

  - name: "plus3e_sm8en3eE.rom"
    path: "alternate_roms/plus3e_sm8en3eE.rom"
+    sha1: "89b6227798a88a6ad0e3b9e58db979694912ee04"
    size: 65536
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -1053,6 +1161,7 @@ files:

  - name: "plus3e_sm8es3eE.rom"
    path: "alternate_roms/plus3e_sm8es3eE.rom"
+    sha1: "a5b62b647ccaec4af9989b8fd7857d5f6426ae5d"
    size: 65536
    required: false
    bundled: true
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ param(

 $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
 $defaultInstallUrl = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Abdess/retrobios/main/install.py"
-$defaultInstallSha256 = "df0adf1fd5088ef9509429fb1d5720e5ca5e7bf46aff9ad0021851dce7349107"
+$defaultInstallSha256 = "d5f352fbe34cfd8ae40c0980c3986158ec1d9dd1babfe2bbc0918ffc0fa0bdf0"
 $maximumInstallerBytes = 2MB
 $installer = if ($PSScriptRoot) { Join-Path $PSScriptRoot "install.py" } else { $null }
 $temporary = $null
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ Usage:
    python install.py --platform retroarch --dest ~/custom/bios
    python install.py --check
    python install.py --list-platforms
+    python install.py --platform retroarch --system sony-playstation --region us
 """
 from __future__ import annotations

@@ -81,9 +82,59 @@ MAX_TARGETS_BYTES = 4 * 1024 * 1024
 MAX_MANIFEST_FILES = 100_000
 MAX_DOWNLOAD_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 1024
 MAX_TOTAL_DOWNLOAD_SIZE = 64 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024
+# Why a manifest leaves a file out, as the installer words it. The manifest
+# schema and the generator are held to this list by the tests.
+OMISSION_REASONS = {
+    "hash_mismatch": "hash mismatch",
+    "not_found": "not found",
+    "external": "external",
+    "user_provided": "user provided",
+    "no_platform_slug": "no platform folder",
+}
 _SHA1_RE = re.compile(r"^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$")
 _SHA256_RE = re.compile(r"^[0-9a-fA-F]{64}$")

+# The region vocabulary of scripts/region.py, which this file cannot import.
+# A test holds the two copies equal.
+WORLD_REGION = "world"
+REGION_TREE: dict[str, frozenset] = {
+    "north-america": frozenset({"canada"}),
+    "latin-america": frozenset({"brazil", "mexico", "argentina"}),
+    "europe": frozenset({
+        "uk", "france", "germany", "italy", "spain", "netherlands", "portugal",
+        "greece", "poland", "russia", "sweden", "norway", "denmark", "finland",
+    }),
+    "asia": frozenset({
+        "japan", "south-korea", "china", "taiwan", "hong-kong", "singapore",
+        "india", "asia-ntsc", "asia-pal",
+    }),
+    "oceania": frozenset({"australia", "new-zealand"}),
+}
+REGION_ALIASES: dict[str, str] = {
+    "jp": "japan",
+    "ntsc-j": "japan",
+    "us": "north-america",
+    "usa": "north-america",
+    "na": "north-america",
+    "ntsc-u": "north-america",
+    "eu": "europe",
+    "pal": "europe",
+    "kr": "south-korea",
+    "korea": "south-korea",
+    "auto": WORLD_REGION,
+    "gb": "uk",
+}
+_REGION_PARENT = {
+    member: parent for parent, members in REGION_TREE.items() for member in members
+}
+REGIONS = frozenset({WORLD_REGION} | set(REGION_TREE) | set(_REGION_PARENT))
+MAX_SELECTION_TAGS = 1000
+SELECTION_FIELDS = ("systems", "regions", "region_groups", "region_system_groups")
+# The files cores load for systems the platform does not list (game engines,
+# computers): no system of the platform owns them, and choosing systems
+# leaves them out unless this name is chosen too.
+OTHER_SYSTEMS = "other"
+
 # Platforms with a manifest in install/. Manifest URLs are case sensitive,
 # so user input is normalized against this list before any fetch.
 AVAILABLE_PLATFORMS = (
@@ -804,6 +855,19 @@ def _destination_path(root: Path, value: object) -> Path:
    return root.resolve() / Path(*relative.parts)


+def _check_tags(entry: dict, field: str, where: str) -> None:
+    """A selection field is absent or a short list of short strings."""
+    value = entry.get(field)
+    if value is None:
+        return
+    if (
+        not isinstance(value, list)
+        or len(value) > MAX_SELECTION_TAGS
+        or not all(isinstance(tag, str) and 0 < len(tag) <= 256 for tag in value)
+    ):
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid {field} for {where}")
+
+
 def _validate_manifest(data: object, plat: str) -> dict:
    """Validate the untrusted install-manifest boundary using stdlib only."""
    if not isinstance(data, dict):
@@ -862,6 +926,8 @@ def _validate_manifest(data: object, plat: str) -> dict:
            not isinstance(cores, list) or not all(isinstance(core, str) for core in cores)
        ):
            raise ValueError(f"invalid cores list for {dest}")
+        for field in SELECTION_FIELDS:
+            _check_tags(entry, field, dest)

    declared_total_files = data.get("total_files")
    if declared_total_files is not None and declared_total_files != len(files):
@@ -874,9 +940,6 @@ def _validate_manifest(data: object, plat: str) -> dict:
    if not isinstance(omitted, list) or len(omitted) > MAX_MANIFEST_FILES:
        raise ValueError("invalid omitted_files list")
    seen_omitted: set[str] = set()
-    allowed_omission_reasons = {
-        "hash_mismatch", "not_found", "external", "user_provided"
-    }
    for index, entry in enumerate(omitted):
        if not isinstance(entry, dict):
            raise ValueError(f"omitted_files[{index}] must be an object")
@@ -894,7 +957,7 @@ def _validate_manifest(data: object, plat: str) -> dict:
            raise ValueError(f"invalid omitted system for {dest}")
        if not isinstance(entry.get("required"), bool):
            raise ValueError(f"invalid omitted required flag for {dest}")
-        if entry.get("reason") not in allowed_omission_reasons:
+        if entry.get("reason") not in OMISSION_REASONS:
            raise ValueError(f"invalid omission reason for {dest}")
        cores = entry.get("cores")
        if cores is not None and (
@@ -902,6 +965,8 @@ def _validate_manifest(data: object, plat: str) -> dict:
            or not all(isinstance(core, str) for core in cores)
        ):
            raise ValueError(f"invalid omitted cores list for {dest}")
+        for field in SELECTION_FIELDS:
+            _check_tags(entry, field, dest)
    declared_total_omitted = data.get("total_omitted")
    if (
        declared_total_omitted is not None
@@ -915,6 +980,24 @@ def _validate_manifest(data: object, plat: str) -> dict:
    for index, entry in enumerate(copies):
        if not isinstance(entry, dict):
            raise ValueError(f"standalone_copies[{index}] must be an object")
+        # The shape do_standalone_copies reads, checked here: a note with a
+        # list for detect, a copy naming neither file nor pattern, or a list
+        # for emulator passed and crashed the copy step after the download.
+        where = f"standalone_copies[{index}]"
+        if "note" in entry:
+            detect = entry.get("detect", {})
+            if not isinstance(entry["note"], str) or not isinstance(detect, dict):
+                raise ValueError(f"invalid note entry at {where}")
+            for values in detect.values():
+                if not isinstance(values, list) or not all(
+                    isinstance(value, str) for value in values
+                ):
+                    raise ValueError(f"invalid note entry at {where}")
+            continue
+        if "file" not in entry and "pattern" not in entry:
+            raise ValueError(f"{where} names neither a file nor a pattern")
+        if not isinstance(entry.get("emulator", ""), str):
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid emulator at {where}")
        if "file" in entry:
            _safe_relative_path(
                entry["file"], f"standalone_copies[{index}].file"
@@ -1018,6 +1101,228 @@ def _filter_by_target(
    return result


+def canonical_region(raw: str) -> str:
+    """One region name or alias, spelled the way manifests spell it."""
+    key = raw.strip().lower()
+    key = REGION_ALIASES.get(key, key)
+    if key not in REGIONS:
+        raise ValueError(f"unknown region: {raw.strip()}")
+    return key
+
+
+def _region_comparable(a: str, b: str) -> bool:
+    return a == b or _REGION_PARENT.get(a) == b or _REGION_PARENT.get(b) == a
+
+
+def _region_rank(file_regions: set[str], requested: list[str]) -> int:
+    for index, wanted in enumerate(requested):
+        if any(_region_comparable(wanted, region) for region in file_regions):
+            return index
+    return len(requested)
+
+
+def region_drops(
+    entries: list[dict], requested: list[str], systems: list[str] | None = None
+) -> set[str]:
+    """Destinations a region priority list withdraws.
+
+    The pack builder's rule (region.resolve_region_drops), replayed over the
+    groups the manifest records. Per group, the best-ranked regional file
+    stays; a world file beats unmatched regional ones the code does not search
+    before it (`priority`, lower first); when nothing matches and no world
+    file exists, every regional file stays, so a group is never emptied. A file with no region never competes and always stays.
+
+    A core extra competes whatever systems are chosen; a platform's own
+    declaration competes only when its system is kept, as in the pack.
+    """
+    if not requested:
+        return set()
+    kept_systems = set(systems) if systems else None
+    groups: dict[str, list[tuple[set, str, object]]] = {}
+    for entry in entries:
+        regions = entry.get("regions")
+        if not regions:
+            continue
+        joined = list(entry.get("region_groups") or [])
+        joined += [
+            group for group in entry.get("region_system_groups") or []
+            if kept_systems is None or group in kept_systems
+        ]
+        priority = entry.get("priority")
+        if not isinstance(priority, int) or isinstance(priority, bool):
+            priority = None
+        for group in joined:
+            groups.setdefault(group, []).append((set(regions), entry["dest"], priority))
+    keep: set[str] = set()
+    drop: set[str] = set()
+    for members in groups.values():
+        world = {dest for regions, dest, _p in members if WORLD_REGION in regions}
+        ranks = {dest: priority for _regions, dest, priority in members}
+        regional = [
+            (_region_rank(regions, requested), dest)
+            for regions, dest, _p in members
+            if WORLD_REGION not in regions
+        ]
+        keep |= world
+        if not regional:
+            continue
+        matched = [(rank, dest) for rank, dest in regional if rank < len(requested)]
+        if matched:
+            best = min(rank for rank, _dest in matched)
+            keep |= {dest for rank, dest in matched if rank == best}
+            drop |= {dest for _rank, dest in regional}
+        elif world:
+            world_ranks = [ranks[dest] for dest in world]
+            best_world = min(world_ranks) if None not in world_ranks else None
+            for _rank, dest in regional:
+                ours = ranks[dest]
+                if best_world is not None and ours is not None and ours < best_world:
+                    keep.add(dest)
+                else:
+                    drop.add(dest)
+        else:
+            keep |= {dest for _rank, dest in regional}
+    return drop - keep
+
+
+def entry_systems(entry: dict) -> list[str]:
+    """The platform systems a file or an omission belongs to.
+
+    An omission's `system` is spelled the way its profile spells it; only
+    `systems` names the platform's own, the ones --system accepts.
+    """
+    return list(entry.get("systems") or [])
+
+
+def narrow(
+    files: list[dict],
+    omitted: list[dict],
+    systems: list[str],
+    cores: list[str],
+    regions: list[str],
+) -> tuple[list[dict], list[dict]]:
+    """Keep what the chosen systems, cores and regions need.
+
+    A core choice keeps the platform's own list and narrows only the files
+    cores load, the rule --target already follows. Regions are then decided
+    the way the pack builder decides them under --system: over the chosen
+    systems' declarations and every core extra. The system filter comes last.
+    """
+    if cores:
+        files = _filter_by_target(files, cores)
+        omitted = _filter_by_target(omitted, cores)
+    if regions:
+        dropped = region_drops(files + omitted, regions, systems)
+        files = [f for f in files if f["dest"] not in dropped]
+        omitted = [o for o in omitted if o["dest"] not in dropped]
+    if systems:
+        wanted = set(systems)
+        files = [f for f in files if _chosen(f, wanted)]
+        omitted = [o for o in omitted if _chosen(o, wanted)]
+    return files, omitted
+
+
+def _chosen(entry: dict, wanted: set[str]) -> bool:
+    systems = entry_systems(entry)
+    if not systems:
+        return OTHER_SYSTEMS in wanted
+    return bool(wanted & set(systems))
+
+
+def records_selection(files: list[dict]) -> bool:
+    """Whether a manifest carries what narrowing reads; older ones do not."""
+    return any("systems" in entry for entry in files)
+
+
+def available_choices(files: list[dict], omitted: list[dict]) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
+    """The systems, cores and regions a manifest lets one narrow to."""
+    systems = {s for e in files + omitted for s in entry_systems(e)}
+    ordered = sorted(systems)
+    if any(not entry_systems(f) for f in files):
+        ordered.append(OTHER_SYSTEMS)
+    cores = {c for f in files for c in (f.get("cores") or [])}
+    regions = {
+        r for e in files + omitted for r in (e.get("regions") or [])
+        if r != WORLD_REGION
+    }
+    return {
+        "systems": ordered,
+        "cores": sorted(cores),
+        "regions": sorted(regions),
+    }
+
+
+def resolve_choices(values: list[str], known: list[str], label: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Names given on the command line, matched without regard to case.
+
+    Each value is one name or a comma-separated list. A whole value that is
+    itself a name wins over splitting it: Recalbox names one system
+    `msx1,msx2,msxturbor`. An unknown name is refused, never ignored, since
+    carrying on would install something other than what was asked.
+    """
+    by_lower = {name.lower(): name for name in known}
+    chosen: list[str] = []
+    unknown: list[str] = []
+    for value in values:
+        value = value.strip()
+        tokens = [value] if value.lower() in by_lower else value.split(",")
+        for token in (t.strip() for t in tokens):
+            if not token:
+                continue
+            name = by_lower.get(token.lower())
+            if name is None:
+                unknown.append(token)
+            elif name not in chosen:
+                chosen.append(name)
+    if unknown:
+        available = ", ".join(known) if known else "none"
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"unknown {label}: {', '.join(unknown)} (available: {available})"
+        )
+    if values and not chosen:
+        raise ValueError(f"--{label} needs at least one name")
+    return chosen
+
+
+def resolve_regions(values: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+    """A region priority list, best first, from names or aliases."""
+    chosen: list[str] = []
+    for value in values:
+        for token in value.split(","):
+            if token.strip():
+                region = canonical_region(token)
+                if region not in chosen:
+                    chosen.append(region)
+    if values and not chosen:
+        raise ValueError("--region needs at least one region")
+    return chosen
+
+
+def parse_selection(text: str, count: int, ordered: bool = False) -> list[int]:
+    """Numbers typed at a prompt: `3`, `1,4`, `2-5`, or `all`, 1-based.
+
+    Returned sorted, or in the typed order when the order is a priority.
+    """
+    if text.strip().lower() in ("all", "*"):
+        return list(range(1, count + 1))
+    chosen: list[int] = []
+    for token in (t.strip() for t in text.split(",")):
+        if not token:
+            continue
+        low, sep, high = token.partition("-")
+        try:
+            start = int(low)
+            end = int(high) if sep else start
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ValueError(f"not a number or range: {token}") from None
+        if start > end or start < 1 or end > count:
+            raise ValueError(f"out of range: {token} (1-{count})")
+        for number in range(start, end + 1):
+            if number not in chosen:
+                chosen.append(number)
+    return chosen if ordered else sorted(chosen)
+
+
 def _digest_file(path: Path, algorithms: tuple[str, ...]) -> dict[str, str]:
    """Compute several digests of a file in a single read.

@@ -1492,6 +1797,155 @@ def _prompt_platform_choice(
            return platforms


+def _ask(prompt: str) -> str:
+    try:
+        return input(prompt).strip()
+    except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
+        print()
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+
+def _sized(files: list[dict]) -> str:
+    return f"{_plural(len(files), 'file')}, {format_size(sum(f.get('size', 0) for f in files))}"
+
+
+def _pick(title: str, rows: list[tuple[str, list[dict]]], ordered: bool = False) -> list[str]:
+    """Numbered list of names; an empty answer keeps every one."""
+    if not rows:
+        return []
+    print(f"\n{title}")
+    width = len(str(len(rows)))
+    name_width = min(max(len(name) for name, _files in rows), 32)
+    for index, (name, files) in enumerate(rows, 1):
+        print(f"  {index:>{width}}) {name:<{name_width}}  {_sized(files)}")
+    hint = "order of preference, e.g. 2,1" if ordered else "e.g. 1,3-5"
+    while True:
+        text = _ask(f"Numbers ({hint}), Enter for all, q to quit: ")
+        if not text:
+            return []
+        if text.lower() == "q":
+            sys.exit(0)
+        try:
+            chosen = parse_selection(text, len(rows), ordered=ordered)
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            print(f"  {exc}")
+            continue
+        if chosen:
+            return [rows[number - 1][0] for number in chosen]
+
+
+def _prompt_custom_selection(
+    plat: str, files: list[dict], omitted: list[dict]
+) -> tuple[list[str], list[str], list[str]] | None:
+    """Offer to narrow the install by system, core and region.
+
+    Enter installs everything, the default most runs want. Returns None
+    then, or the three choices; each empty list keeps everything on its axis.
+    """
+    print(f"\n{plat.capitalize()}: {_sized(files)}.")
+    print("  Enter) install everything")
+    print("  c) choose systems, cores and regions")
+    print("  q) quit")
+    while True:
+        answer = _ask("> ").lower()
+        if answer == "":
+            return None
+        if answer == "q":
+            sys.exit(0)
+        if answer == "c":
+            break
+
+    choices = available_choices(files, omitted)
+    if OTHER_SYSTEMS in choices["systems"]:
+        print(f"\n'{OTHER_SYSTEMS}' holds what cores load for systems this platform")
+        print("does not list, such as game engines and extra computers.")
+    systems = _pick("Systems:", [
+        (name, [f for f in files if _chosen(f, {name})])
+        for name in choices["systems"]
+    ])
+    kept, kept_omitted = narrow(files, omitted, systems, [], [])
+
+    cores: list[str] = []
+    core_names = available_choices(kept, kept_omitted)["cores"]
+    if core_names:
+        print("\nThe platform's own files for these systems are always kept;")
+        print("the extra files each core loads can be narrowed.")
+        cores = _pick("Cores:", [
+            (name, [f for f in kept if name in (f.get("cores") or [])])
+            for name in core_names
+        ])
+        kept, kept_omitted = narrow(kept, kept_omitted, [], cores, [])
+
+    regions: list[str] = []
+    region_names = available_choices(kept, kept_omitted)["regions"]
+    if region_names:
+        print("\nSome systems have one BIOS per region. Keeping only the")
+        print("preferred region removes the others where a match exists.")
+        regions = _pick("Regions:", [
+            (name, [f for f in kept if name in (f.get("regions") or [])])
+            for name in region_names
+        ], ordered=True)
+    return systems, cores, regions
+
+
+def _same_choice_hint(plat: str, systems: list[str], cores: list[str], regions: list[str]) -> str:
+    """The options that repeat a choice made at the prompts."""
+    def quoted(value: str) -> str:
+        return f'"{value}"' if any(c in value for c in " ;&|") else value
+
+    parts = [f"--platform {plat}"]
+    parts += [f"--system {quoted(name)}" for name in systems]
+    parts += [f"--core {quoted(name)}" for name in cores]
+    if regions:
+        parts.append(f"--region {','.join(regions)}")
+    return " ".join(parts)
+
+
+def _print_choices(
+    plat: str, files: list[dict], omitted: list[dict], systems: bool
+) -> None:
+    """What --system or --core accepts for a platform, with what each holds."""
+    choices = available_choices(files, omitted)
+    names = choices["systems"] if systems else choices["cores"]
+    if not names:
+        print(f"  {plat} records no {'systems' if systems else 'cores'}")
+        return
+    width = min(max(len(name) for name in names), 40)
+    for name in names:
+        held = (
+            [f for f in files if _chosen(f, {name})]
+            if systems
+            else [f for f in files if name in (f.get("cores") or [])]
+        )
+        print(f"  {name:<{width}}  {_sized(held)}")
+
+
+def _requested_narrowing(
+    args: argparse.Namespace, plat: str, files: list[dict], omitted: list[dict]
+) -> tuple[list[str], list[str], list[str]] | None:
+    """The systems, cores and regions named on the command line, checked."""
+    if not (args.system or args.core or args.region):
+        return None
+    if not records_selection(files):
+        # Without the fields, a region filter would match nothing and install
+        # everything: refused rather than ignored.
+        print(
+            f"Error: the {plat} file list records no systems or regions; "
+            "narrowing needs a newer one",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+    choices = available_choices(files, omitted)
+    try:
+        systems = resolve_choices(args.system or [], choices["systems"], "system")
+        cores = resolve_choices(args.core or [], choices["cores"], "core")
+        regions = resolve_regions(args.region or [])
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        print(f"Error: {plat}: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    return systems, cores, regions
+
+
 def main() -> None:
    """Entry point."""
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
@@ -1541,10 +1995,56 @@ def main() -> None:
        action="store_true",
        help="opt in to copies into detected standalone-emulator directories",
    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--system",
+        action="append",
+        metavar="NAME",
+        help="install only these systems (repeat or comma-separate; see --list-systems)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--core",
+        action="append",
+        metavar="NAME",
+        help="keep only the extra files these cores load (see --list-cores)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--region",
+        action="append",
+        metavar="LIST",
+        help="preferred regions, best first, e.g. us,eu,jp: keep one BIOS per "
+             "region where a system has several",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--list-systems",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="list a platform's systems with their file counts and exit",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--list-cores",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="list the cores whose extra files a platform installs and exit",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--no-input",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="never ask a question; fail where an answer is needed",
+    )

    args = parser.parse_args()
    if not 1 <= args.jobs <= 32:
        parser.error("--jobs must be between 1 and 32")
+    if args.region:
+        try:
+            resolve_regions(args.region)
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            parser.error(f"{exc} (known: {', '.join(sorted(REGIONS))})")
+    for option, values in (("--system", args.system), ("--core", args.core)):
+        if values is not None and not any(
+            token.strip() for value in values for token in value.split(",")
+        ):
+            parser.error(f"{option} needs at least one name")
+    interactive = sys.stdin.isatty() and not args.no_input
+    listing = args.list_targets or args.list_systems or args.list_cores
    print("RetroBIOS\n")

    os_type = detect_os()
@@ -1592,7 +2092,7 @@ def main() -> None:
        platforms = detect_platforms(os_type)
        if not platforms:
            print("  No supported platform detected.")
-            if not sys.stdin.isatty() or args.list_targets:
+            if not interactive or listing:
                for line in _manual_usage_hint(os_type):
                    print(line)
                sys.exit(1)
@@ -1600,7 +2100,7 @@ def main() -> None:
        for name, path in platforms:
            print(f"  Found {name.capitalize()} at {path}")

-    if len(platforms) > 1 and not args.list_targets and sys.stdin.isatty():
+    if len(platforms) > 1 and not listing and interactive:
        platforms = _prompt_platform_choice(platforms)

    total_downloaded = 0
@@ -1666,6 +2166,27 @@ def main() -> None:
                omitted_files = _filter_by_target(omitted_files, target_cores)
                print(f"  Filtered {before} -> {len(files)} files for target {args.target}")

+        selection = _requested_narrowing(args, plat_name, files, omitted_files)
+        if (
+            selection is None
+            and interactive
+            and not args.check
+            and not listing
+            and records_selection(files)
+        ):
+            selection = _prompt_custom_selection(plat_name, files, omitted_files)
+            if selection is not None:
+                print("\n  Same choice without questions: "
+                      + _same_choice_hint(plat_name, *selection))
+        if selection is not None:
+            before = len(files)
+            files, omitted_files = narrow(files, omitted_files, *selection)
+            print(f"  Narrowed {before} -> {len(files)} files")
+
+        if args.list_systems or args.list_cores:
+            _print_choices(plat_name, files, omitted_files, args.list_systems)
+            continue
+
        total_size = sum(f.get("size", 0) for f in files)
        print(f"  {len(files)} files ({format_size(total_size)})")
        if omitted_files:
@@ -1677,7 +2198,7 @@ def main() -> None:
                reason = entry.get("reason", "unknown")
                reasons[reason] = reasons.get(reason, 0) + 1
            reason_summary = ", ".join(
-                f"{reason.replace('_', ' ')}: {count}"
+                f"{OMISSION_REASONS.get(reason, reason)}: {count}"
                for reason, count in sorted(reasons.items())
            )
            print(
@@ -1758,7 +2279,7 @@ def main() -> None:
                "(use --standalone-copies to opt in)."
            )

-    if not args.check and not args.list_targets:
+    if not args.check and not listing:
        _report_outcome(
            installed_paths,
            total_downloaded,
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ esac
 TEMP_INSTALLER=""
 TEMP_DIRECTORY=""
 DEFAULT_INSTALL_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Abdess/retrobios/main/install.py"
-DEFAULT_INSTALL_SHA256="df0adf1fd5088ef9509429fb1d5720e5ca5e7bf46aff9ad0021851dce7349107"
+DEFAULT_INSTALL_SHA256="d5f352fbe34cfd8ae40c0980c3986158ec1d9dd1babfe2bbc0918ffc0fa0bdf0"
 MAX_INSTALLER_BYTES=2097152

 cleanup() {
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  "platform": "misterfpga",
  "display_name": "MiSTer FPGA",
  "version": "1.0",
-  "generated": "2026-10-04T20:41:16Z",
+  "generated": "2026-10-10T05:24:26Z",
  "base_destination": "games",
  "detect": [
    {
@@ -29,7 +29,10 @@
      "sha256": "41b5b8e7c44e55eaf5cfd4f2a58df42f4a1bbc776723368fb25bf118dd631b1b",
      "size": 1048576,
      "repo_path": "bios/3DO Company/3DO/panafz1.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "3do"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "3DO/kanji.rom",
@@ -37,7 +40,10 @@
      "sha256": "8974193e76cf255ebc40fe20b95b405db2cc1ea07910584380e50c6d9ca181aa",
      "size": 1048576,
      "repo_path": "bios/3DO Company/3DO/panafz1j-kanji.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "3do"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Apple-IIgs/boot.rom",
@@ -45,7 +51,10 @@
      "sha256": "01398a51b3aa16c40bb3d5df43494316cc12eebb87871712cecc396e1beb2df8",
      "size": 262144,
      "repo_path": "bios/Apple/Apple II/apple2gs.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "apple-iigs"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Apple-IIgs/boot1.rom",
@@ -53,7 +62,10 @@
      "sha256": "34cd454c6201bfd26839d6ace2ff6b1231e09d6279e49b4890311756dc3825fb",
      "size": 131072,
      "repo_path": "bios/Apple/Apple IIGS/ROM",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "apple-iigs"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Jaguar/boot.rom",
@@ -61,7 +73,10 @@
      "sha256": "f0bd29599b3dfca7f5620c011256c1dc45c9d82c428a318f965c2ba3ded2e9f9",
      "size": 131072,
      "repo_path": "bios/Atari/Jaguar/boot.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "atari-jaguar"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Jaguar/boot1.rom",
@@ -69,7 +84,10 @@
      "sha256": "7ebadb56f8082c86d6f74e2c38e02b218db420d3049f8f9c988f6490dc7f9fc0",
      "size": 262144,
      "repo_path": "bios/Atari/Jaguar/boot1.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "atari-jaguar"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Jaguar/boot2.rom",
@@ -77,7 +95,10 @@
      "sha256": "bf02591cfe4ab4f082ea23c447da5c53afbfddace6d700b785ba04b7ac5c64e0",
      "size": 131072,
      "repo_path": "bios/Atari/Jaguar/boot2.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "atari-jaguar"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "AtariLynx/boot.rom",
@@ -85,7 +106,10 @@
      "sha256": "c26a36c1990bcf841155e5a6fea4d2ee1a4d53b3cc772e70f257a962ad43b383",
      "size": 512,
      "repo_path": "bios/Atari/Lynx/Atari_LYNX_boot.img",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "atari-lynx"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Astrocade/boot.rom",
@@ -93,7 +117,10 @@
      "sha256": "f01220d94b82145a6d18f114ff59be9c178f69de24f8ad0f4d19eee8b86b17c7",
      "size": 8192,
      "repo_path": "bios/Bally/Astrocade/astro.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "bally-astrocade"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Casio_PV-2000/boot0.rom",
@@ -101,7 +128,10 @@
      "sha256": "2587d206eb63917848ea30e14232448ed4f873c6796a22e2bf6543b01f46308e",
      "size": 16384,
      "repo_path": "bios/Casio/PV-2000/hn613128pc64.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "casio-pv2000"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "CreatiVision/boot.rom",
@@ -109,7 +139,10 @@
      "sha256": "48a7fda99c1b9c0d90b70de0b4a9431a5a781f94d1874ee6d91830a638c9e5c3",
      "size": 16384,
      "repo_path": "bios/VTech/CreatiVision/laser2001.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "creativision"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "SCV/boot.rom",
@@ -117,7 +150,10 @@
      "sha256": "25c7ff2d735d1ae895af9262f31e083c5c1bd99a8f31b5b378dfbc0f166ec97f",
      "size": 6144,
      "repo_path": "bios/Epoch/Super Cassette Vision/boot.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "epoch-scv"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Gamate/boot.rom",
@@ -125,7 +161,10 @@
      "sha256": "26f206fa4eedbe040f619e3af78efa1d38588535b1d746f6a462da639ced4b1e",
      "size": 4096,
      "repo_path": "bios/Bit Corporation/Gamate/gamate_bios_umc.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "gamate"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "GameKing/boot.rom",
@@ -133,7 +172,10 @@
      "sha256": "7843fd082889cac046d446160f38755f7c8c4a8e4f9dd9d5104b185f0bc1dec4",
      "size": 524288,
      "repo_path": "bios/TimeTop/GameKing/boot.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "gameking"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Interact/boot.rom",
@@ -141,7 +183,10 @@
      "sha256": "e0888ba82382aabb7557aa4a3445e613bd7f33bae1af5ece211e2cb6bc9ffa82",
      "size": 2048,
      "repo_path": "bios/Interact/Home Computer/interact.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "interact"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Loopy/boot0.rom",
@@ -149,7 +194,10 @@
      "sha256": "82a8d6add06e324e36c71b0a7a92d607af3db5e65574a6892794d70df668e9d5",
      "size": 32768,
      "repo_path": "bios/Casio/Loopy/boot0.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "loopy"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Loopy/boot1.rom",
@@ -157,7 +205,10 @@
      "sha256": "7540ff64268e500a34fb83c8642510d341440ac6258f6c36851e182870e40f75",
      "size": 524288,
      "repo_path": "bios/Casio/Loopy/boot1.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "loopy"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Marty/mrom.m36",
@@ -165,7 +216,10 @@
      "sha256": "2cd7466183ba965259df35ff078b7b057a99086feea0050ddf87aebc6932f429",
      "size": 2097152,
      "repo_path": "bios/Fujitsu/FM Towns/mrom.m36",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "marty"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Marty/mrom.m37",
@@ -173,7 +227,10 @@
      "sha256": "10fc6d984d0a440c3410d805f4bea247fb5dd5a509befff481164923f883797d",
      "size": 2097152,
      "repo_path": "bios/Fujitsu/FM Towns/mrom.m37",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "marty"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Intellivision/boot0.rom",
@@ -181,7 +238,10 @@
      "sha256": "1aeb614856beba95463166daf09304b414d5617d3f37d221724b3337fc4b2722",
      "size": 8192,
      "repo_path": "bios/Mattel/Intellivision/INTV_EROM.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "mattel-intellivision"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Intellivision/boot1.rom",
@@ -189,7 +249,10 @@
      "sha256": "a80b6841182547d08635ad30a6af71441c4c9eed9391b3dd22feb30d8e50cc85",
      "size": 2048,
      "repo_path": "bios/Mattel/Intellivision/INTV_GROM.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "mattel-intellivision"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Intellivision/boot2.rom",
@@ -197,7 +260,10 @@
      "sha256": "dabade432af1523f43029057071ca8c1ed3604498c784603e8733023382ad7a5",
      "size": 2048,
      "repo_path": "bios/Mattel/Intellivision/IVOICE.BIN",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "mattel-intellivision"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Intellivision/boot3.rom",
@@ -205,7 +271,10 @@
      "sha256": "2fcea60039c4a8836b9bb71e391d70a145c724b4dae516be733fe842ba6687c7",
      "size": 24576,
      "repo_path": "bios/Mattel/Intellivision/ECS.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "mattel-intellivision"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "MSX1/boot.rom",
@@ -213,7 +282,10 @@
      "sha256": "04fd77f02f652770cbb3cc6b4a594cc736d56486a106c1068965f1fe090746a5",
      "size": 32768,
      "repo_path": "bios/Microsoft/MSX/share/systemroms/vg8020_basic-bios1.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "microsoft-msx"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "PC8801/boot.rom",
@@ -221,7 +293,10 @@
      "sha256": "0dc3fcf58c90c1f119a710babd54b57babf81ba8573c070b33f0cc21948b3086",
      "size": 393216,
      "repo_path": "bios/NEC/PC-88/PC8801 MKII SR BIOS.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nec-pc-88"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "TGFX16-CD/cd_bios.rom",
@@ -229,7 +304,10 @@
      "sha256": "b057e09822c3767120ba56f2ce02f089b5824d4b489ea3cd7ad9405b3a339a52",
      "size": 262144,
      "repo_path": "bios/NEC/PC Engine CD/Super CD 3.1.pce",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nec-pc-engine-cd"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "NGPC/boot0.rom",
@@ -237,7 +315,10 @@
      "sha256": "8fb845a2f71514cec20728e2f0fecfade69444f8d50898b92c2259f1ba63e10d",
      "size": 65536,
      "repo_path": "bios/SNK/Neo Geo Pocket/SNK Neo-Geo Pocket Color BIOS (1999)(SNK)(en-ja).bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "ngpc"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "NGPC/boot1.rom",
@@ -245,7 +326,10 @@
      "sha256": "0293555b21c4fac516d25199df7809b26beeae150e1d4504a050db32264a6ad7",
      "size": 65536,
      "repo_path": "bios/SNK/Neo Geo Pocket/SNK Neo-Geo Pocket BIOS (1998)(SNK)(en-ja).bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "ngpc"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "N64/boot.rom",
@@ -253,7 +337,10 @@
      "sha256": "fa7b09795ef1e54461e59f6f2d902368133e3f1cd980e34383e6a780d74beffd",
      "size": 1984,
      "repo_path": "bios/Nintendo/Nintendo 64/boot.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nintendo-64"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "N64/boot1.rom",
@@ -261,7 +348,10 @@
      "sha256": "79c81fffae934b6df251da6c3a394f52c6a0eaa07115a3b9677743e3c1335f4a",
      "size": 1984,
      "repo_path": "bios/Nintendo/Nintendo 64/boot1.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nintendo-64"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "N64/boot3.rom",
@@ -269,7 +359,10 @@
      "sha256": "806400ec0df94b0755de6c5b8249d6b6a9866124c5ddbdac198bde22499bfb8b",
      "size": 4194304,
      "repo_path": "bios/Nintendo/64DD/64DD_IPL_v12_JPN.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nintendo-64"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "N64/boot4.rom",
@@ -277,7 +370,10 @@
      "sha256": "9c2962a8b994a29e4cd04b3a6e4ed730a751414655ab6a9799ebf5fc08b79d44",
      "size": 4194304,
      "repo_path": "bios/Nintendo/64DD/64DD_IPL_DEV.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nintendo-64"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "N64/boot5.rom",
@@ -285,7 +381,10 @@
      "sha256": "e9fec87a45fba02399e88064b9e2f8cf0f2106e351c58279a87f05da5bc984ad",
      "size": 4194304,
      "repo_path": "bios/Nintendo/64DD/64DD_IPL_USA.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nintendo-64"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "GAMEBOY/boot1.rom",
@@ -293,7 +392,10 @@
      "sha256": "b4f2e416a35eef52cba161b159c7c8523a92594facb924b3ede0d722867c50c7",
      "size": 2304,
      "repo_path": "bios/Nintendo/Game Boy Color/GBC_cgb.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nintendo-gb"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "GBA/boot.rom",
@@ -301,7 +403,10 @@
      "sha256": "fd2547724b505f487e6dcb29ec2ecff3af35a841a77ab2e85fd87350abd36570",
      "size": 16384,
      "repo_path": "bios/Nintendo/Game Boy Advance/GBA_bios.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nintendo-gba"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "NES/boot0.rom",
@@ -309,7 +414,10 @@
      "sha256": "99c18490ed9002d9c6d999b9d8d15be5c051bdfa7cc7e73318053c9a994b0178",
      "size": 8192,
      "repo_path": "bios/Arcade/FBNeo/fdsbios.nes",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nintendo-nes"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "PokemonMini/boot.rom",
@@ -317,7 +425,10 @@
      "sha256": "45a1c7f28b9ad585e67f047abe9c1c956724bfcab8c9011002af4274e7c50e8f",
      "size": 4096,
      "repo_path": "bios/Nintendo/Pokemon Mini/bios.min",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nintendo-pokemon-mini"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "SGB/Super Game Boy 2.sfc",
@@ -325,7 +436,10 @@
      "sha256": "c172498a23d1176672931bab33b629c7d28f914a43dca9e540b8af1b37ccf2c6",
      "size": 524288,
      "repo_path": "bios/Nintendo/Super Game Boy/SGB2.sfc/program.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nintendo-sgb"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "SGB/Super Game Boy.sfc",
@@ -333,7 +447,10 @@
      "sha256": "a75160f7b89b1f0e20fd2f6441bb86285c7378db5035ef6885485eaff6059376",
      "size": 262144,
      "repo_path": "bios/Nintendo/Super Game Boy/SGB1.sfc/program.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nintendo-sgb"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "SNES/bsx_bios.rom",
@@ -341,7 +458,10 @@
      "sha256": "a49827b45ff9ac9cf5b4658190e1428e59251bc82d8a63d8e9e0f71e439f008f",
      "size": 1048576,
      "repo_path": "bios/Nintendo/SNES/BS-X.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "nintendo-snes"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "CD-i/boot0.rom",
@@ -349,7 +469,10 @@
      "sha256": "fd123e66beadaf844cb220a44166ea33f9fd0d64bafb9e6399febff445429db2",
      "size": 524288,
      "repo_path": "bios/Philips/CD-i/cdi220b.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "philips-cdi"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "CD-i/boot1.rom",
@@ -357,7 +480,10 @@
      "sha256": "15794460f2ad630f6dd483a02ef958818c7a5c65f8afe76364bc9ffb7ccad3cc",
      "size": 8192,
      "repo_path": "bios/Philips/CD-i/zx405042p__cdi_slave_2.0__b43t__zzmk9213.mc68hc705c8a_withtestrom.7206",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "philips-cdi"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "CD-i/boot2.rom",
@@ -365,7 +491,10 @@
      "sha256": "e8a8cabb23650b53c2cb0763c3a1409f6c0d580a52fbe8ef834d44d4021db165",
      "size": 131072,
      "repo_path": "bios/Philips/CD-i/vmpega_split.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "philips-cdi"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "PocketChallengeV2/boot.rom",
@@ -373,7 +502,10 @@
      "sha256": "bf4480dbea1c47c8b54ce7be9382bc1006148f431fbe4277e136351fa74f635e",
      "size": 4096,
      "repo_path": "bios/Bandai/WonderSwan/bootrom.ws",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "pocket-challenge-v2"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "PocketChallengeV2/boot1.rom",
@@ -381,7 +513,10 @@
      "sha256": "f5a5c044d84ce1681f94e9ef74287cb989784497be5bd5108df17908dfa55db2",
      "size": 8192,
      "repo_path": "bios/Bandai/WonderSwan/bootrom.wsc",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "pocket-challenge-v2"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "MegaCD/Europe/cd_bios.rom",
@@ -389,7 +524,10 @@
      "sha256": "fe608a2a07676a23ab5fd5eee2f53c9e2526d69a28aa16ccd85c0ec42e6933cb",
      "size": 131072,
      "repo_path": "bios/Sega/Mega CD/eu_mcd2_9303.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "sega-mega-cd"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "MegaCD/Japan/cd_bios.rom",
@@ -397,7 +535,10 @@
      "sha256": "7133fc2dd2fe5b7d0acd53a5f10f3d00b5d31270239ad20d74ef32393e24af88",
      "size": 131072,
      "repo_path": "bios/Sega/Mega CD/jp_mcd2_921222.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "sega-mega-cd"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "MegaCD/USA/cd_bios.rom",
@@ -405,7 +546,10 @@
      "sha256": "fb477cdbf94c84424c2feca4fe40656d85393fe7b7b401911b45ad2eb991258c",
      "size": 131072,
      "repo_path": "bios/Sega/Mega CD/SegaCDBIOS9303.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "sega-mega-cd"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "MegaCD/boot.rom",
@@ -413,7 +557,10 @@
      "sha256": "59403e7f8be1d4e98d673cca17cfec072770a56415165ad7ac88dcd3f7273317",
      "size": 131072,
      "repo_path": "bios/Sega/Mega CD/US Sega CD 2 (Region Free) 930601 l_oliveira.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "sega-mega-cd"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Saturn/boot.rom",
@@ -421,7 +568,10 @@
      "sha256": "37561c4444bec52ae1aae31de5579f1856d5b23002ee083ade42f9ed13c8616f",
      "size": 524288,
      "repo_path": "bios/Sega/Saturn/.variants/hisaturn_v103.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "sega-saturn"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "NEOGEO/000-lo.lo",
@@ -429,7 +579,10 @@
      "sha256": "2a76f023dc578804c6bcd58ed514ffc04fcb433b3bd75d4452575ffda57a0707",
      "size": 131072,
      "repo_path": "bios/SNK/Neo Geo CD/000-lo.lo",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "snk-neogeo"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "NEOGEO/neo-epo.sp1",
@@ -437,7 +590,10 @@
      "sha256": "70f7906d68acbc3630b6e7792ebb485288b05ca72c6d4c243e07e230aae8d1e4",
      "size": 131072,
      "repo_path": "bios/SNK/Neo Geo/neo-epo.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "snk-neogeo"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "NEOGEO/sfix.sfix",
@@ -445,7 +601,10 @@
      "sha256": "fcf51e688c006408be92c5adaf37d4302d05e7e681193dd0623072e53915c90e",
      "size": 131072,
      "repo_path": "bios/SNK/Neo Geo/sfix.sfix",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "snk-neogeo"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "NEOGEO/sp-s2.sp1",
@@ -453,7 +612,10 @@
      "sha256": "ae1c5cc9a0acdead8a3d5a16ee84f575582f2209677464b05a2b8b0451f658a1",
      "size": 131072,
      "repo_path": "bios/SNK/Neo Geo/sp-s2.sp1",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "snk-neogeo"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "NEOGEO/uni-bios.rom",
@@ -461,7 +623,10 @@
      "sha256": "e016ce75097df0b5f5910e8eb4914439f5c77511de65df5a1e089eef147b256b",
      "size": 131072,
      "repo_path": "bios/SNK/Neo Geo/uni-bios_4_0.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "snk-neogeo"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "NeoGeo-CD/neocd.bin",
@@ -469,7 +634,10 @@
      "sha256": "2e93af5848080ea04d17a7841b742f009330d30e4ff40c3410547581d921c892",
      "size": 524288,
      "repo_path": "bios/SNK/Neo Geo CD/neocd.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "snk-neogeo-cd"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "NeoGeo-CD/top-sp1.bin",
@@ -477,7 +645,10 @@
      "sha256": "c11c33589b2057008a7e4c7c700fcd989a8c0f95f869e7e7539fdd00414d99a7",
      "size": 524288,
      "repo_path": "bios/SNK/Neo Geo CD/top-sp1.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "snk-neogeo-cd"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "NeoGeo-CD/uni-bioscd.rom",
@@ -485,7 +656,10 @@
      "sha256": "1c3ec20824a58e5f5cbf47ccc2c91a10f34d21cfa2791b3413cea89b0c920db8",
      "size": 524288,
      "repo_path": "bios/SNK/Neo Geo/uni-bioscd33.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "snk-neogeo-cd"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "PSX/boot.rom",
@@ -493,7 +667,10 @@
      "sha256": "39dcc1a0717036c9b6ac52fefd1ee7a57d3808e8cfbc755879fa685a0a738278",
      "size": 524288,
      "repo_path": "bios/Sony/PlayStation/scph7001.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "sony-playstation"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "PSX/boot1.rom",
@@ -501,7 +678,10 @@
      "sha256": "e900504d1755f021f861b82c8258c5e6658c7b592f800cccd91f5d32ea380d28",
      "size": 524288,
      "repo_path": "bios/Sony/PlayStation/scph7000.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "sony-playstation"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "PSX/boot2.rom",
@@ -509,7 +689,10 @@
      "sha256": "5e84a94818cf5282f4217591fefd88be36b9b174b3cc7cb0bcd75199beb450f1",
      "size": 524288,
      "repo_path": "bios/Sony/PlayStation/scph7002.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "sony-playstation"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "PSX/sbi.zip",
@@ -517,7 +700,10 @@
      "sha256": "32db7bb64131623fa912ef30a85f7d70cee2abbca56c21d360d2025e12b8aca9",
      "size": 218953,
      "repo_path": "bios/Sony/PlayStation/sbi.zip",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "sony-playstation"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Studio-II/boot0.rom",
@@ -525,7 +711,10 @@
      "sha256": "1e7ae3cd972eb39681e6c6df5f1ac6f7d86c9e59788e40d6b4c948375e9ca5f7",
      "size": 2048,
      "repo_path": "bios/RCA/Studio II/boot0.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "studio-ii"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Studio-II/boot1.rom",
@@ -533,7 +722,10 @@
      "sha256": "e90cb0c5be993689a2d4fa03e664f5943967160153520d435391aaefff06da35",
      "size": 4096,
      "repo_path": "bios/RCA/Studio II/boot1.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "studio-ii"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Studio-II/boot2.rom",
@@ -541,7 +733,10 @@
      "sha256": "a0d6c1852fb407f86d25c802441ff15ec7fd041683c6a9ae0d23db0ca0df8c0b",
      "size": 4096,
      "repo_path": "bios/RCA/Studio II/boot2.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "studio-ii"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Studio-II/boot3.rom",
@@ -549,7 +744,10 @@
      "sha256": "7a95530b9be7fe487e027a5ea7ffe4a7561762cc3fc8cdc535d6f36e5f23c8a0",
      "size": 2048,
      "repo_path": "bios/RCA/Studio II/boot3.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "studio-ii"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Studio-II/chip8.bin",
@@ -557,7 +755,10 @@
      "sha256": "8764ba7e02fe00489997b45ac1f15f188f726cbcd5311e252225e62eb58d6d04",
      "size": 768,
      "repo_path": "bios/RCA/Studio II/boot4.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "studio-ii"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "Studio-II/openstudio2.bin",
@@ -565,7 +766,10 @@
      "sha256": "36ddd9ffa17a194bd8103efb807e104a529134685502839a4f14ea4d5de648ad",
      "size": 2048,
      "repo_path": "bios/RCA/Studio II/openstudio2.bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "studio-ii"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "SuperAcan/boot0.rom",
@@ -573,7 +777,10 @@
      "sha256": "2e4d88bec69b5e7e4803368c233ce0d20f6dd107c5af0cfcc0089d310c695d7c",
      "size": 4096,
      "repo_path": "bios/Funtech/Super A'Can/boot0.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "superacan"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "SuperAcan/boot1.rom",
@@ -581,7 +788,10 @@
      "sha256": "219f51bcb8544fe733bf784e087544f97aa5457945260c7fa07a8639f30f3a68",
      "size": 8192,
      "repo_path": "bios/Funtech/Super A'Can/boot1.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "superacan"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "SuperAcan/boot2.rom",
@@ -589,7 +799,10 @@
      "sha256": "9889590805a97b7bb439d853d9ae4d6b31067bacb8225ab0538f3491dedab4b8",
      "size": 8192,
      "repo_path": "bios/Funtech/Super A'Can/boot2.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "superacan"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "COCO3/boot0.rom",
@@ -597,7 +810,10 @@
      "sha256": "ad358430568250eb8330a37f85361d9ce67e5ae6d5a28c17b31802cd3953a5d2",
      "size": 32768,
      "repo_path": "bios/Tandy/CoCo/coco3.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "tandy-coco"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "COCO3/boot1.rom",
@@ -605,7 +821,10 @@
      "sha256": "1c40c5a74e72edaeecc2511fee1aab347eae2c3d5fc6778cb622e3df14d63157",
      "size": 8192,
      "repo_path": "bios/Tandy/CoCo/disk11.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "tandy-coco"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "COCO3/boot2.rom",
@@ -613,7 +832,10 @@
      "sha256": "1a5a3e95522296f66a192e9a7ca0725ecc88862f9bb31f50ef37ae789404692f",
      "size": 8192,
      "repo_path": "bios/Tandy/CoCo/orch90.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "tandy-coco"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "TI-99_4A/boot0.rom",
@@ -621,7 +843,10 @@
      "sha256": "53ad354861a62b9144e02e878845c7e1a5dd75342b715047db64b780954f7c88",
      "size": 196608,
      "repo_path": "bios/Texas Instruments/TI-99/boot0.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "ti99"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "GameCom/boot.rom",
@@ -629,7 +854,10 @@
      "sha256": "64cbaa1a5e8bae8fae90a7affd6743df5d23edfc4e1e23002ca77c8b7ec1bb64",
      "size": 262144,
      "repo_path": "bios/Tiger/Game.com/GameCom External BIOS (Kitrinx v0.03).bin",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "tiger-game-com"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "VideoBrain/boot.rom",
@@ -637,7 +865,10 @@
      "sha256": "545b466e7cc0c2cce7e9479857dbedee1476fc56245f0de45f816c1b99b75562",
      "size": 4096,
      "repo_path": "bios/VideoBrain/Family Computer/boot.rom",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "videobrain"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "WonderSwan/boot.rom",
@@ -645,7 +876,10 @@
      "sha256": "bf4480dbea1c47c8b54ce7be9382bc1006148f431fbe4277e136351fa74f635e",
      "size": 4096,
      "repo_path": "bios/Bandai/WonderSwan/bootrom.ws",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "wonderswan"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "WonderSwan/boot1.rom",
@@ -653,7 +887,10 @@
      "sha256": "f5a5c044d84ce1681f94e9ef74287cb989784497be5bd5108df17908dfa55db2",
      "size": 8192,
      "repo_path": "bios/Bandai/WonderSwan/bootrom.wsc",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "wonderswan"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "WonderSwanColor/boot.rom",
@@ -661,7 +898,10 @@
      "sha256": "bf4480dbea1c47c8b54ce7be9382bc1006148f431fbe4277e136351fa74f635e",
      "size": 4096,
      "repo_path": "bios/Bandai/WonderSwan/bootrom.ws",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "wonderswan-color"
+      ]
    },
    {
      "dest": "WonderSwanColor/boot1.rom",
@@ -669,7 +909,10 @@
      "sha256": "f5a5c044d84ce1681f94e9ef74287cb989784497be5bd5108df17908dfa55db2",
      "size": 8192,
      "repo_path": "bios/Bandai/WonderSwan/bootrom.wsc",
-      "cores": null
+      "cores": null,
+      "systems": [
+        "wonderswan-color"
+      ]
    }
  ]
 }
@@ -384,6 +384,7 @@ systems:
    - name: qsound.zip
      destination: qsound.zip
      required: true
+      curated: true
    native_id: Arcade
    core: fbneo
    manufacturer: Various
@@ -1907,24 +1908,31 @@ systems:
    - name: gc-ntsc-12.bin
      destination: dolphin-emu/Sys/GC/USA/IPL.bin
      required: false
+      curated: true
    - name: gc-pal-12.bin
      destination: dolphin-emu/Sys/GC/EUR/IPL.bin
      required: false
+      curated: true
    - name: gc-ntsc-12.bin
      destination: dolphin-emu/Sys/GC/JAP/IPL.bin
      required: false
+      curated: true
    - name: dsp_coef.bin
      destination: dolphin-emu/Sys/GC/dsp_coef.bin
      required: true
+      curated: true
    - name: dsp_rom.bin
      destination: dolphin-emu/Sys/GC/dsp_rom.bin
      required: true
+      curated: true
    - name: font_western.bin
      destination: dolphin-emu/Sys/GC/font_western.bin
      required: false
+      curated: true
    - name: font_japanese.bin
      destination: dolphin-emu/Sys/GC/font_japanese.bin
      required: false
+      curated: true
    native_id: Nintendo - GameCube
    core: dolphin
    manufacturer: Nintendo
@@ -1997,15 +2005,19 @@ systems:
    - name: dsi_bios7.bin
      destination: dsi_bios7.bin
      required: true
+      curated: true
    - name: dsi_bios9.bin
      destination: dsi_bios9.bin
      required: true
+      curated: true
    - name: dsi_firmware.bin
      destination: dsi_firmware.bin
      required: true
+      curated: true
    - name: dsi_nand.bin
      destination: dsi_nand.bin
      required: true
+      curated: true
    native_id: Nintendo - Nintendo DS
    core: desmume
    manufacturer: Nintendo
@@ -2554,6 +2566,7 @@ systems:
    - name: segasp.zip
      destination: dc/segasp.zip
      required: true
+      curated: true
    native_id: Sega - Dreamcast-based Arcade
  sega-game-gear:
    files:
@@ -4731,6 +4744,7 @@ systems:
    - name: data.zip
      destination: xrick/data.zip
      required: true
+      curated: true
    core: xrick
    manufacturer: Other
    docs: "https://docs.libretro.com/library/xrick/"
@@ -787,6 +787,7 @@ systems:
      crc32: 51a12d90
      size: 32768
      native_system: turbografx-cd
+      mirror_of: tg16
    - name: gexpress.pce
      destination: turbografx-cd/gexpress.pce
      required: true
@@ -795,6 +796,7 @@ systems:
      crc32: 51a12d90
      size: 32768
      native_system: turbografx-cd
+      mirror_of: tg16
    - name: syscard1.pce
      destination: turbografx-cd/syscard1.pce
      required: true
@@ -803,6 +805,7 @@ systems:
      crc32: 3f9f95a4
      size: 262144
      native_system: turbografx-cd
+      mirror_of: tg16
    - name: syscard2.pce
      destination: turbografx-cd/syscard2.pce
      required: true
@@ -811,6 +814,7 @@ systems:
      crc32: 283b74e0
      size: 262144
      native_system: turbografx-cd
+      mirror_of: tg16
    - name: syscard2u.pce
      destination: turbografx-cd/syscard2u.pce
      required: true
@@ -819,6 +823,7 @@ systems:
      crc32: ff2a5ec3
      size: 262144
      native_system: turbografx-cd
+      mirror_of: tg16
    - name: syscard3.pce
      destination: turbografx-cd/syscard3.pce
      required: true
@@ -827,6 +832,7 @@ systems:
      crc32: 6d9a73ef
      size: 262144
      native_system: turbografx-cd
+      mirror_of: tg16
    - name: syscard3u.pce
      destination: turbografx-cd/syscard3u.pce
      required: true
@@ -835,6 +841,7 @@ systems:
      crc32: 2b5b75fe
      size: 262144
      native_system: turbografx-cd
+      mirror_of: tg16
  nec-pc-98:
    files:
    - name: 2608_bd.wav
@@ -644,6 +644,25 @@
              ]
            }
          },
+          {
+            "if": {
+              "anyOf": [
+                {
+                  "required": ["path"],
+                  "properties": {"path": {"type": "string", "pattern": "/$"}}
+                },
+                {
+                  "required": ["standalone_path"],
+                  "properties": {"standalone_path": {"type": "string", "pattern": "/$"}}
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            "then": {
+              "required": [
+                "type"
+              ]
+            }
+          },
          {
            "if": {
              "required": [
@@ -146,6 +146,93 @@
                "uniqueItems": true
              }
            ]
+          },
+          "regions": {
+            "description": "The regions the emulator code selects the file for. Absent when it never competes.",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "enum": [
+                "argentina",
+                "asia",
+                "asia-ntsc",
+                "asia-pal",
+                "australia",
+                "brazil",
+                "canada",
+                "china",
+                "denmark",
+                "europe",
+                "finland",
+                "france",
+                "germany",
+                "greece",
+                "hong-kong",
+                "india",
+                "italy",
+                "japan",
+                "latin-america",
+                "mexico",
+                "netherlands",
+                "new-zealand",
+                "north-america",
+                "norway",
+                "oceania",
+                "poland",
+                "portugal",
+                "russia",
+                "singapore",
+                "south-korea",
+                "spain",
+                "sweden",
+                "taiwan",
+                "uk",
+                "world"
+              ]
+            },
+            "minItems": 1,
+            "maxItems": 1000,
+            "uniqueItems": true
+          },
+          "region_groups": {
+            "description": "Groups the file competes in as a core extra, whatever systems are chosen.",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "minLength": 1,
+              "maxLength": 256
+            },
+            "minItems": 1,
+            "maxItems": 1000,
+            "uniqueItems": true
+          },
+          "region_system_groups": {
+            "description": "Groups the file competes in as the platform's own declaration: present only when that system is kept.",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "minLength": 1,
+              "maxLength": 256
+            },
+            "minItems": 1,
+            "maxItems": 1000,
+            "uniqueItems": true
+          },
+          "systems": {
+            "description": "Every platform system that declares the file, for the installer's --system.",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "minLength": 1,
+              "maxLength": 256
+            },
+            "minItems": 1,
+            "maxItems": 1000,
+            "uniqueItems": true
+          },
+          "priority": {
+            "description": "The rank the code searches the file at, lower first: a world file withdraws an unmatched regional one only when it ranks no worse.",
+            "type": "integer"
          }
        }
      }
@@ -203,6 +290,93 @@
          "release_asset": {
            "type": "string",
            "pattern": "^[^/\\\\]+$"
+          },
+          "systems": {
+            "description": "Every platform system that declares the file, for the installer's --system.",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "minLength": 1,
+              "maxLength": 256
+            },
+            "minItems": 1,
+            "maxItems": 1000,
+            "uniqueItems": true
+          },
+          "regions": {
+            "description": "The regions the emulator code selects the file for. Absent when it never competes.",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "enum": [
+                "argentina",
+                "asia",
+                "asia-ntsc",
+                "asia-pal",
+                "australia",
+                "brazil",
+                "canada",
+                "china",
+                "denmark",
+                "europe",
+                "finland",
+                "france",
+                "germany",
+                "greece",
+                "hong-kong",
+                "india",
+                "italy",
+                "japan",
+                "latin-america",
+                "mexico",
+                "netherlands",
+                "new-zealand",
+                "north-america",
+                "norway",
+                "oceania",
+                "poland",
+                "portugal",
+                "russia",
+                "singapore",
+                "south-korea",
+                "spain",
+                "sweden",
+                "taiwan",
+                "uk",
+                "world"
+              ]
+            },
+            "minItems": 1,
+            "maxItems": 1000,
+            "uniqueItems": true
+          },
+          "region_groups": {
+            "description": "Groups the file competes in as a core extra, whatever systems are chosen.",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "minLength": 1,
+              "maxLength": 256
+            },
+            "minItems": 1,
+            "maxItems": 1000,
+            "uniqueItems": true
+          },
+          "region_system_groups": {
+            "description": "Groups the file competes in as the platform's own declaration: present only when that system is kept.",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "minLength": 1,
+              "maxLength": 256
+            },
+            "minItems": 1,
+            "maxItems": 1000,
+            "uniqueItems": true
+          },
+          "priority": {
+            "description": "The rank the code searches the file at, lower first: a world file withdraws an unmatched regional one only when it ranks no worse.",
+            "type": "integer"
          }
        },
        "oneOf": [
@@ -280,6 +280,14 @@
          "type": "string",
          "description": "System id the platform itself uses for this file"
        },
+        "mirror_of": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "description": "Native system whose entry this one repeats; the platform's own file does not carry the copy"
+        },
+        "curated": {
+          "type": "boolean",
+          "description": "Added by our scraper from the cores' source, not declared in the platform's own file"
+        },
        "native_name": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Display name the platform gives its own system"
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def write_text_atomic(path: str, content: str) -> None:
        dir=directory, prefix=f".{os.path.basename(path)}.", suffix=".tmp"
    )
    try:
-        with os.fdopen(handle, "w") as f:
+        with os.fdopen(handle, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            f.write(content)
        os.replace(scratch, path)
    except BaseException:
@@ -69,6 +69,44 @@ def write_text_atomic(path: str, content: str) -> None:
        raise


+def write_bytes_atomic(path: str, content: bytes) -> None:
+    """Write a whole binary file or nothing, as write_text_atomic does."""
+    directory = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(path))
+    handle, scratch = tempfile.mkstemp(
+        dir=directory, prefix=f".{os.path.basename(path)}.", suffix=".tmp"
+    )
+    try:
+        with os.fdopen(handle, "wb") as f:
+            f.write(content)
+        os.replace(scratch, path)
+    except BaseException:
+        with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+            os.unlink(scratch)
+        raise
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def file_lock(lock_path: str | os.PathLike, shared: bool = False):
+    """Hold a lock on lock_path, waiting for it if taken.
+
+    Several sessions refresh the same caches: without it, two swaps of one
+    tree interleave, or two read-modify-writes of one index lose an entry.
+    On platforms without flock the lock is a no-op.
+    """
+    try:
+        import fcntl
+    except ImportError:
+        yield
+        return
+    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(lock_path)), exist_ok=True)
+    with open(lock_path, "a") as handle:
+        fcntl.flock(handle, fcntl.LOCK_SH if shared else fcntl.LOCK_EX)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            fcntl.flock(handle, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+
+
 def copy_file_atomic(source: str, path: str) -> None:
    """Copy a file into place whole or not at all, metadata included."""
    import shutil
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ def main() -> int:
    parser.add_argument("--profiles", action="store_true", help="also run profile_sync (slow)")
    parser.add_argument("--offline", action="store_true", help="no network, local ages only")
    parser.add_argument("--jobs", type=int, default=4, help="parallel scrapers")
-    parser.add_argument("--cache-dir", default=".cache/upstream")
+    parser.add_argument("--cache-dir", default=upstream.CACHE_DIR)
    parser.add_argument("--native-cache-dir", default=export_native.DEFAULT_CACHE)
    parser.add_argument("--truth-dir", default="dist/truth")
    parser.add_argument("--platforms-dir", default="platforms")
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ and file resolution - eliminates DRY violations across scripts.

 from __future__ import annotations

+from collections import Counter
+
 import hashlib
 import functools
 import json
@@ -157,7 +159,11 @@ def load_platform_config(platform_name: str, platforms_dir: str = "platforms") -
                        key = (gf.get("name"), gf.get("destination", gf.get("name")))
                        dest_lower = gf.get("destination", gf.get("name", "")).lower()
                        if key not in existing and dest_lower not in existing_lower:
-                            system.setdefault("files", []).append(gf)
+                            # Marked as ours: the platform's own file does not
+                            # carry it, and an export must not count it kept.
+                            system.setdefault("files", []).append(
+                                {**gf, "shared_group": group_name}
+                            )
                            existing.add(key)

    # Merge metadata from _registry.yml. The registry is our curated source;
@@ -239,6 +245,50 @@ def list_registered_platforms(
    return platforms


+def _target_overrides(platform_name: str, targets_dir: str) -> dict:
+    overrides_file = os.path.join(targets_dir, "_overrides.yml")
+    if not os.path.exists(overrides_file):
+        return {}
+    with open(overrides_file) as f:
+        all_overrides = yaml_load(f) or {}
+    return all_overrides.get(platform_name, {}).get("targets", {})
+
+
+def _target_alias_index(targets: dict, overrides: dict) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Every name a target answers to, mapped to the name its file uses."""
+    alias_index: dict[str, str] = {}
+    for tname in targets:
+        alias_index[tname] = tname
+        for alias in overrides.get(tname, {}).get("aliases", []):
+            alias_index[alias] = tname
+    return alias_index
+
+
+def canonical_target_name(
+    platforms: list[str], target: str, platforms_dir: str = "platforms"
+) -> str:
+    """The name a target is filed under, whichever alias was typed.
+
+    `switch`, `nx` and `nintendo-switch` named three packs of one target, and
+    --verify-packs looked for a name no build had written. The typed name is
+    kept when no platform knows it or when platforms file it differently.
+    """
+    targets_dir = os.path.join(platforms_dir, "targets")
+    found: set[str] = set()
+    for platform_name in platforms:
+        target_file = os.path.join(targets_dir, f"{platform_name}.yml")
+        if not os.path.exists(target_file):
+            continue
+        with open(target_file) as f:
+            targets = (yaml_load(f) or {}).get("targets", {})
+        canonical = _target_alias_index(
+            targets, _target_overrides(platform_name, targets_dir)
+        ).get(target)
+        if canonical:
+            found.add(canonical)
+    return found.pop() if len(found) == 1 else target
+
+
 def load_target_config(
    platform_name: str,
    target: str,
@@ -260,19 +310,8 @@ def load_target_config(
        data = yaml_load(f) or {}

    targets = data.get("targets", {})
-
-    overrides_file = os.path.join(targets_dir, "_overrides.yml")
-    overrides = {}
-    if os.path.exists(overrides_file):
-        with open(overrides_file) as f:
-            all_overrides = yaml_load(f) or {}
-        overrides = all_overrides.get(platform_name, {}).get("targets", {})
-
-    alias_index: dict[str, str] = {}
-    for tname in targets:
-        alias_index[tname] = tname
-        for alias in overrides.get(tname, {}).get("aliases", []):
-            alias_index[alias] = tname
+    overrides = _target_overrides(platform_name, targets_dir)
+    alias_index = _target_alias_index(targets, overrides)

    canonical = alias_index.get(target)
    if canonical is None:
@@ -324,21 +363,20 @@ def list_available_targets(
    with open(target_file) as f:
        data = yaml_load(f) or {}

-    overrides_file = os.path.join(targets_dir, "_overrides.yml")
-    overrides = {}
-    if os.path.exists(overrides_file):
-        with open(overrides_file) as f:
-            all_overrides = yaml_load(f) or {}
-        overrides = all_overrides.get(platform_name, {}).get("targets", {})
+    # The count --target filters on: overrides applied, as load_target_config
+    # applies them. The scraped list counted Batocera's machine variants and
+    # launchers, 198 cores shown for 187 used.
+    overrides = _target_overrides(platform_name, targets_dir)

    result = []
    for tname, tdata in sorted(data.get("targets", {}).items()):
-        aliases = overrides.get(tname, {}).get("aliases", [])
+        aliases = (overrides.get(tname) or {}).get("aliases", [])
+        cores = {str(c) for c in tdata.get("cores", [])}
        result.append(
            {
                "name": tname,
                "architecture": tdata.get("architecture", ""),
-                "core_count": len(tdata.get("cores", [])),
+                "core_count": len(apply_target_overrides(cores, overrides, tname)),
                "aliases": aliases,
            }
        )
@@ -1555,6 +1593,11 @@ SYSTEM_ALIASES: dict[str, str] = {
    "sega32x": "sega-32x",
    "segastv": "sega-stv",
    "ti994a": "ti99",
+    # Other spellings of one machine: RomM files the Mega CD as sega-mega-cd
+    # and the disk system as nintendo-fds, which normalize to the ids the
+    # profiles use only through these.
+    "sega-segacd": "sega-megacd",
+    "nes-fds": "nintendo-fds",
 }


@@ -1618,13 +1661,47 @@ def filter_systems_by_target(
                norm_key = _norm_sid(sid)
                norm_plat_system_cores.setdefault(norm_key, set()).add(name)

+    # A platform can file a system under an id no profile uses: Batocera's
+    # enterprise-64-128 is ep128emu's enterprise-64 and enterprise-128, and
+    # only CLK, off most targets, carries the joined id. The destinations a
+    # system declares name the cores that read its files. A bare name proves
+    # nothing (bios.bin belongs to many systems), so only a path counts.
+    dest_cores: dict[str, set[str]] = {}
+    for name, p in profiles.items():
+        if p.get("type") == "alias":
+            continue
+        for f in p.get("files", []):
+            for key in ("path", "standalone_path"):
+                dest = f.get(key)
+                if not isinstance(dest, str):
+                    continue
+                if dest.endswith("/"):
+                    dest += f.get("name", "")
+                dest = sanitize_pack_path(dest).lower()
+                if "/" in dest:
+                    dest_cores.setdefault(dest, set()).add(name)
+
    filtered = {}
    for sys_id, sys_data in systems.items():
        norm_key = _norm_sid(sys_id)
+        file_cores = {
+            core
+            for fe in sys_data.get("files", [])
+            for core in dest_cores.get(
+                sanitize_pack_path(fe.get("destination") or fe.get("name", "")).lower(),
+                (),
+            )
+        }
        all_cores = norm_system_cores.get(norm_key, set())
        plat_cores_here = norm_plat_system_cores.get(norm_key, set())

-        if not all_cores and not plat_cores_here:
+        if file_cores & expanded_target:
+            # An on-target core reads the system's files. The evidence only
+            # keeps: a path shared with an off-target core says nothing of the
+            # other files, and Batocera's bbc runs on MAME, which no profile
+            # ties to bbcb.zip, while CLK reads two of its ROMs.
+            filtered[sys_id] = sys_data
+        elif not all_cores and not plat_cores_here:
            # No profile maps to this system -keep it
            filtered[sys_id] = sys_data
        elif all_cores & expanded_target:
@@ -1637,40 +1714,85 @@ def filter_systems_by_target(
    return filtered


-def expand_platform_declared_names(config: dict, db: dict) -> set[str]:
-    """Build set of file names declared by a platform config.
+def platform_declarations(
+    config: dict, db: dict, *, enrich: bool = True
+) -> dict[str, list[tuple[int | None, str]]]:
+    """Every file name a platform declares, with each declaration's size and slot.

-    Enriches the set with canonical names and aliases from the database
-    by resolving each platform file's MD5 through by_md5.  This handles
-    cases where a platform declares a file under a different name than
-    the emulator profile (e.g. Batocera ROM1 vs gsplus ROM).
+    A name alone does not say which file a declaration is: RetroArch declares
+    galaksija/ROM1.BIN, a 4 KiB ROM, and DOSBox reads a 32 KiB SC-55 ROM1.BIN.
+    The size, from the platform entry or else from the file its hash names,
+    tells a declaration of the same file from a same-named one; None stands
+    for a size nobody knows. The slot is the declared destination, sanitized
+    and case-folded, relative to the directory core files go to: RetroDECK
+    writes bios/ in front of every destination, the others put it in
+    base_destination.
+
+    With ``enrich``, a declaration also answers for the canonical name and
+    the aliases the database knows its MD5 under. This handles a platform
+    declaring a file under a different name than the emulator profile
+    (e.g. Batocera ROM1 vs gsplus ROM).
    """
-    declared: set[str] = set()
+    prefix = declared_root(config).lower()
+    declared: dict[str, list[tuple[int | None, str]]] = {}
    by_md5 = db.get("indexes", {}).get("by_md5", {})
    files_db = db.get("files", {})
    for system in config.get("systems", {}).values():
        for fe in system.get("files", []):
            name = fe.get("name", "")
+            slot = sanitize_pack_path(fe.get("destination") or name).lower()
+            if prefix and slot.startswith(prefix + "/"):
+                slot = slot[len(prefix) + 1:]
+            # A zipped_file entry pins a member of the archive it names: its
+            # md5 and its size, when stated, are not the archive's.
+            by_hash: dict = {}
+            size = None
+            if not fe.get("zipped_file"):
+                md5 = (fe.get("md5") or "").lower()
+                if md5 and "," not in md5:
+                    by_hash = files_db.get(by_md5.get(md5, ""), {})
+                size = fe.get("size")
+                if size is None:
+                    size = files_db.get(
+                        (fe.get("sha1") or "").lower(), by_hash
+                    ).get("size")
            if name:
-                declared.add(name)
-            md5 = fe.get("md5", "")
-            if not md5:
+                declared.setdefault(name, []).append((size, slot))
+            if not enrich:
                continue
-            # Skip multi-hash and zipped_file entries (inner ROM MD5, not file MD5)
-            if "," in md5 or fe.get("zipped_file"):
-                continue
-            sha1 = by_md5.get(md5.lower())
-            if not sha1:
-                continue
-            entry = files_db.get(sha1, {})
-            db_name = entry.get("name", "")
-            if db_name:
-                declared.add(db_name)
-            for alias in entry.get("aliases", []):
-                declared.add(alias)
+            for other in (by_hash.get("name", ""), *by_hash.get("aliases", [])):
+                if other:
+                    declared.setdefault(other, []).append((by_hash.get("size"), slot))
    return declared


+def declared_root(config: dict) -> str:
+    """The BIOS directory a platform writes into every destination, if any.
+
+    Only a platform whose base_destination is explicitly empty does that
+    (RetroDECK writes bios/ in front of each file), and core files go under
+    the same directory. A config that does not state a base says nothing,
+    and its common folder is a system's, not the BIOS root.
+    """
+    if config.get("base_destination", None) != "":
+        return ""
+    roots = [
+        d.split("/", 1)[0]
+        for system in config.get("systems", {}).values()
+        for f in system.get("files", [])
+        if "/" in (d := f.get("destination", "") or "")
+    ]
+    if not roots:
+        return ""
+    root, count = Counter(roots).most_common(1)[0]
+    return root if count / len(roots) > 0.9 else ""
+
+
+def expand_platform_declared_names(config: dict, db: dict) -> set[str]:
+    """The names a platform declares, enriched as `platform_declarations`."""
+    return set(platform_declarations(config, db))
+
+
 import re


@@ -242,10 +242,17 @@ class FileConsumers:
        self.platforms: dict[str, set[str]] = {}
        self.emulators: dict[str, set[str]] = {}

-    def sha1_of(self, entry: dict, dest: str = "") -> str | None:
-        """The collected file an entry resolves to, or None."""
+    def sha1_of(self, entry: dict, dest: str = "", owner: str = "") -> str | None:
+        """The collected file an entry resolves to, or None.
+
+        A profile entry names its owner, as the builder does: without it the
+        name step chose another tree's copy, and the page credited the file
+        the pack does not ship.
+        """
        if not entry.get("name"):
            return None
+        if owner:
+            entry = {**entry, "source_profile": owner}
        path, status = resolve_local_file(
            entry, self._db, self._zip_contents, dest_hint=dest
        )
@@ -266,7 +273,7 @@ class FileConsumers:
            if profile.get("type") == "alias":
                continue
            for entry in profile.get("files", []):
-                sha1 = self.sha1_of(entry, entry.get("path") or "")
+                sha1 = self.sha1_of(entry, entry.get("path") or "", owner=name)
                if sha1:
                    self.emulators.setdefault(sha1, set()).add(name)

@@ -395,8 +402,11 @@ def _cross_reference_profile(

        archive = f.get("archive")

-        # Check platform declaration (by name or archive)
-        in_platform = fname in platform_names
+        # Check platform declaration: by name, by an alias the core answers
+        # to (RetroArch lists amiberry's cd32.rom as kick40060.CD32), or by
+        # archive.
+        answers = {fname, *f.get("aliases", [])}
+        in_platform = bool(answers & platform_names)
        if not in_platform and archive:
            in_platform = archive in platform_names

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from pathlib import Path

 sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent))

+from artifacts import file_lock, write_bytes_atomic, write_text_atomic
 from common import list_registered_platforms, load_platform_config, yaml_load
 from exporter import discover_exporters
 from exporter.baseline import build_native_model
@@ -80,9 +81,12 @@ def fetch(
    it is what a rescrape calls, so the original and its transcription
    describe the same moment.
    """
-    recorded = _load_sources(index)
    key = source_key(destination, index)
-    if not refresh and destination.exists() and recorded.get(key, url) == url:
+    if (
+        not refresh
+        and destination.exists()
+        and _load_sources(index).get(key, url) == url
+    ):
        return destination.read_bytes()
    request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={"User-Agent": _USER_AGENT})
    with urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=60) as response:
@@ -90,13 +94,17 @@ def fetch(
    if len(payload) > _MAX_BYTES:
        raise ValueError(f"{url}: response larger than {_MAX_BYTES} bytes")
    destination.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    destination.write_bytes(payload)
+    write_bytes_atomic(str(destination), payload)
    if index is not None:
-        recorded[key] = url
+        # Platforms refresh in parallel: the index is read again under the
+        # lock, or the last writer erased what the others had recorded.
        index.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-        index.write_text(
-            json.dumps(recorded, indent=2, sort_keys=True) + "\n", encoding="utf-8"
-        )
+        with file_lock(index.with_name(f".{index.name}.lock")):
+            recorded = _load_sources(index)
+            recorded[key] = url
+            write_text_atomic(
+                str(index), json.dumps(recorded, indent=2, sort_keys=True) + "\n"
+            )
    return payload


@@ -197,7 +205,34 @@ def load_inputs(
        scraped = load_platform_config(platform, platforms_dir)
    except (FileNotFoundError, OSError):
        scraped = None
-    return truth, scraped
+    return truth, _native_layer(scraped)
+
+
+def _native_layer(config: dict | None) -> dict | None:
+    """The platform config without what we add to it.
+
+    A shared group's files join the config for the pack, but the platform's
+    file does not carry them: counted kept, they were written into
+    libretro's System.dat (N88EXT0-3.ROM) as if libretro declared them. What
+    a core needs from a group reaches the export through the truth, as an
+    addition the format's gates apply to. A scraper's mirror of an entry
+    under another system (RomM's tg16 firmware under turbografx-cd), and a
+    file our scraper adds from the cores' source (Dolphin's DSP ROMs in
+    RetroArch's config), are not in the platform's file either.
+    """
+    if config is None:
+        return None
+    systems = {
+        sys_id: {
+            **system,
+            "files": [
+                f for f in system.get("files", [])
+                if not ({"shared_group", "mirror_of", "curated"} & f.keys())
+            ],
+        }
+        for sys_id, system in config.get("systems", {}).items()
+    }
+    return {**config, "systems": systems}


 def refresh_cache(
@@ -325,8 +325,13 @@ def build_native_model(
            def by_destination(candidate: NativeFile, t_dest: str = t_dest) -> bool:
                # Dolphin writes dolphin-emu/Sys/GC/USA/IPL.bin for the truth's
                # GC/USA/IPL.bin: a destination ending in the path is the file.
+                # A bare name is no path: dc/boot.bin ends in /boot.bin, and
+                # fbneo's 480-byte boot.bin is not that 2 MB Dreamcast BIOS.
+                # Names go through by_name and its size guard.
                theirs = _match_key(candidate.platform or {})[0]
-                return bool(t_dest) and (theirs == t_dest or theirs.endswith("/" + t_dest))
+                if not t_dest:
+                    return False
+                return theirs == t_dest or ("/" in t_dest and theirs.endswith("/" + t_dest))

            def by_name(
                candidate: NativeFile,
@@ -52,12 +52,15 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
    def native_sources() -> dict[str, str]:
        return {"es_bios.xml": SOURCE_URL, "es_bios.xsd": SCHEMA_URL}

-    def _path(self, fe: NativeFile, native_id: str) -> str:
+    def _path(self, fe: NativeFile) -> str:
        """The path Recalbox reads, pipe-joined when it accepts several.

        A path Recalbox already states is reproduced exactly: several of its
        entries sit at the BIOS root with no directory at all, and prefixing
-        them with the system would point the frontend somewhere else.
+        them with the system would point the frontend somewhere else. An
+        addition goes where the core reads it, relative to the BIOS directory
+        Recalbox gives its cores: DuckStation reads scph5000.bin at the root,
+        not under psx/.
        """
        if fe.platform is not None:
            path = str(fe.platform.get("destination") or fe.name)
@@ -65,11 +68,10 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
            if alternatives:
                return "|".join([path, *[str(a) for a in alternatives]])
            return path
-        dest = fe.destination or fe.name
-        return dest if "/" in dest else f"{native_id}/{dest}"
+        return fe.destination or fe.name

    def _bios_element(self, fe: NativeFile, native_id: str) -> str:
-        attrs = [f"path={quoteattr(self._path(fe, native_id))}"]
+        attrs = [f"path={quoteattr(self._path(fe))}"]
        attrs.append(f'md5={quoteattr(",".join(fe.hashes("md5")))}')
        attrs.append(f'core={quoteattr(",".join(fe.cores()))}')

@@ -162,6 +164,6 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
            for fe in system.files:
                if not self.writable(fe):
                    continue
-                if self._path(fe, system.native_id).casefold() not in exported:
+                if self._path(fe).casefold() not in exported:
                    issues.append(f"absent: {system.native_id}/{fe.name}")
        return issues
@@ -37,6 +37,14 @@ def _md5_set(value: object) -> set[str]:
    return {m.strip().lower() for m in str(value or "").split(",") if m.strip()}


+def _paths_key(entry: dict) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    """Where an entry says the file goes: no paths is the BIOS root."""
+    paths = entry.get("paths")
+    if isinstance(paths, list):
+        return tuple(sorted(str(p) for p in paths))
+    return (str(paths),) if paths else ()
+
+
 def _matching_keys(
    entry: dict, by_key: dict[tuple[str, str], OrderedDict]
 ) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
@@ -177,7 +185,12 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
        return None

    @classmethod
-    def _merge(cls, existing: object, ours: list[OrderedDict]) -> list[OrderedDict]:
+    def _merge(
+        cls,
+        existing: object,
+        ours: list[OrderedDict],
+        additions: list[OrderedDict] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[OrderedDict]:
        """Correct the component's own list; never replace it.

        Assigning our entries wholesale dropped every file RetroDECK declares
@@ -234,6 +247,21 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
        merged.extend(
            entry for key, entry in by_key.items() if key not in corrected
        )
+        # A file the platform does not declare is appended unless the list
+        # already holds that name for that system at that path. The key
+        # above is name and system only, and folded melonDS's SkyEmu/
+        # firmware.bin into the root firmware.bin the platform declares,
+        # while the report counted it added.
+        held = {
+            (str(e.get("filename", "")), system, _paths_key(e))
+            for e in merged
+            for system in (_systems_of(e) or [""])
+        }
+        for entry in additions or []:
+            key = (str(entry.get("filename", "")), str(entry.get("system", "")), _paths_key(entry))
+            if key[0] and key not in held:
+                held.add(key)
+                merged.append(entry)
        return merged

    def render(
@@ -257,16 +285,17 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
            except json.JSONDecodeError:
                continue

-            entries = [self._entry(fe) for fe in files]
+            entries = [self._entry(fe) for fe in files if fe.platform is not None]
+            additions = [self._entry(fe) for fe in files if fe.platform is None]
            for component_value in manifest.values():
                if not isinstance(component_value, dict):
                    continue
                holder = self._bios_holder(component_value)
                if holder is None:
-                    component_value["bios"] = self._merge(None, entries)
+                    component_value["bios"] = self._merge(None, entries, additions)
                else:
                    container, key = holder
-                    container[key] = self._merge(container.get(key), entries)
+                    container[key] = self._merge(container.get(key), entries, additions)
                break

            produced[path] = json.dumps(manifest, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n"
@@ -293,6 +322,7 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
                continue

            declared: set[str] = set()
+            placed: set[tuple[str, tuple[str, ...]]] = set()
            for component_value in manifest.values():
                if not isinstance(component_value, dict):
                    continue
@@ -302,6 +332,7 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
                container, key = holder
                for entry in container[key]:
                    declared.add(entry.get("filename", ""))
+                    placed.add((entry.get("filename", ""), _paths_key(entry)))
                if not component_value.get("name") and not component_value.get(
                    "system"
                ):
@@ -310,4 +341,8 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
            for fe in files:
                if fe.name not in declared:
                    issues.append(f"absent from {path}: {fe.name}")
+                elif fe.platform is None and (
+                    fe.name, _paths_key(self._entry(fe))
+                ) not in placed:
+                    issues.append(f"absent from {path}: {fe.destination or fe.name}")
        return issues
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ _FILENAME = re.compile(r"[A-Za-z0-9][\w.+-]*\.[A-Za-z0-9]{1,5}\b")
 # than by a sentence template, and the names in it are the list to extend.
 _BIOS_CLAUSE = re.compile(r"BIOS\b.*?(?=\\n|$)", re.DOTALL)
 _BIOS_NOUN = re.compile(r"BIOS (files?)\b")
+_SEPARATOR = re.compile(r"\s*(?:,\s*(?:and\s+)?|and\s+)")


 class Exporter(BaseExporter):
@@ -141,12 +142,13 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
        return {match.group(0).lower() for match in cls._names_in(plain)}

    @classmethod
-    def _insertion_point(cls, help_text: str) -> int | None:
-        """Where a name joins the list, or None when there is no list.
+    def _enumeration(cls, help_text: str) -> tuple[int, int, list[str]] | None:
+        """The list of names to extend: its span and its names, or None.

        A list of alternatives ("a or b", "a/b") is not an enumeration: an
        appended ", c" reads as one more required file and the plural turns
-        "one of these" into "all of these". Such a list is left alone.
+        "one of these" into "all of these". Such a list is left alone, and so
+        is one with words between its names, which a rewrite would lose.
        """
        clause = _BIOS_CLAUSE.search(help_text)
        if clause is None:
@@ -158,7 +160,14 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
        between = text[names[0].start():names[-1].end()]
        if re.search(r"\bor\b|/", between):
            return None
-        return clause.start() + names[-1].end()
+        gaps = [text[a.end():b.start()] for a, b in zip(names, names[1:])]
+        if not all(_SEPARATOR.fullmatch(gap) for gap in gaps):
+            return None
+        return (
+            clause.start() + names[0].start(),
+            clause.start() + names[-1].end(),
+            [match.group(0) for match in names],
+        )

    @staticmethod
    def _in_search_order(candidates: list[NativeFile]) -> list[str]:
@@ -195,6 +204,21 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
            return names[0]
        return ", ".join(names[:-1]) + " and " + names[-1]

+    @classmethod
+    def _extended(
+        cls,
+        help_text: str,
+        enumeration: tuple[int, int, list[str]],
+        missing: list[str],
+    ) -> str:
+        """The help with the names added to its list.
+
+        The whole list is written again so the "and" moves before the last
+        name: appending ", c and d" after "a and b" read "a and b, c and d".
+        """
+        start, end, written = enumeration
+        return help_text[:start] + cls._join([*written, *missing]) + help_text[end:]
+
    def modules(self, originals: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, tuple[str, str]]:
        """Module id and help string of every script that mentions BIOS."""
        found: dict[str, tuple[str, str]] = {}
@@ -270,8 +294,8 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
            if not missing:
                continue

-            insert_at = self._insertion_point(help_text)
-            if insert_at is None:
+            enumeration = self._enumeration(help_text)
+            if enumeration is None:
                # No enumeration to extend, and a sentence we would have to
                # write ourselves is a documentation change, not a correction.
                skip("names no file to extend", module_id)
@@ -281,12 +305,7 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
                skip("more names than the help enumerates", module_id)
                continue

-            new_help = (
-                help_text[:insert_at]
-                + ", "
-                + self._join(missing)
-                + help_text[insert_at:]
-            )
+            new_help = self._extended(help_text, enumeration, missing)
            if len(listed) + len(missing) > 1:
                new_help = _BIOS_NOUN.sub("BIOS files", new_help, count=1)
            produced[relative] = originals[relative].replace(
@@ -29,8 +29,12 @@ SOURCE_URL = (
 class Exporter(BaseExporter):
    """Write RomM's known_bios_files.json, corrected."""

-    # (system, filename) keys the platform itself declares, set by render.
-    _platform_keys: frozenset[tuple[str, str]] = frozenset()
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        # (system, filename) keys the platform itself declares, and the
+        # addition that claims each other key first: both set by render.
+        self._platform_keys: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
+        self._first_addition: dict[tuple[str, str], int] = {}

    @staticmethod
    def platform_name() -> str:
@@ -75,9 +79,15 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
        """
        if fe.platform is not None:
            return True
-        if (fe.native_system, fe.name) in self._platform_keys:
+        key = (fe.native_system, fe.name)
+        if key in self._platform_keys:
            return False
-        return self._verifiable(fe) and self._known_platform(fe.native_system)
+        if not (self._verifiable(fe) and self._known_platform(fe.native_system)):
+            return False
+        # Two additions under one key: the second would overwrite the first
+        # in the dict and both were counted landed. The first one in render
+        # order is written, the other is not.
+        return self._first_addition.get(key, id(fe)) == id(fe)

    def render(
        self,
@@ -93,6 +103,17 @@ class Exporter(BaseExporter):
            for fe in system.files
            if fe.platform is not None
        }
+        self._first_addition = {}
+        for system in sorted(systems.values(), key=lambda s: s.native_id):
+            for fe in sorted(system.files, key=lambda f: f.name):
+                key = (fe.native_system, fe.name)
+                if (
+                    fe.platform is None
+                    and key not in self._platform_keys
+                    and self._verifiable(fe)
+                    and self._known_platform(fe.native_system)
+                ):
+                    self._first_addition.setdefault(key, id(fe))

        for system in sorted(systems.values(), key=lambda s: s.native_id):
            for fe in sorted(system.files, key=lambda f: f.name):
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ from common import (
    group_identical_platforms,
    list_emulator_profiles,
    list_platform_system_ids,
+    canonical_target_name,
    list_registered_platforms,
    list_system_ids,
    load_data_dir_registry,
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ from common import (
 import packresolve
 from refresh_data_dirs import cache_lock
 import region as region_mod
+from manifestselect import SelectionIndex
 import slot as slot_mod
 import slots
 import split_pack
@@ -440,7 +442,6 @@ def _preferred_entries(
    base_dest: str,
    required_only: bool,
    zip_contents,
-    data_registry,
    offline,
 ) -> dict[str, int]:
    """Which declaration wins when several claim the same destination.
@@ -449,6 +450,9 @@ def _preferred_entries(
    in one and hash-constrained in another. First-come dedup would let
    the bare entry pack whatever answers to the name, so a constrained
    sibling that resolves by content claims the destination instead.
+    The choice is about the baseline and reads no data directory, for the
+    pack, the manifest and verify alike: verify alone passed the registry
+    and could crown a declaration only a data/ cache satisfies.
    """
    preferred_entries: dict[str, int] = {}
    dest_entries: dict[str, list[dict]] = {}
@@ -479,7 +483,6 @@ def _preferred_entries(
                db,
                bios_dir,
                zip_contents,
-                data_dir_registry=data_registry,
                offline=offline,
            ))
            for fe in constrained
@@ -732,7 +735,7 @@ def generate_pack(
        # atari-5200). No data directories: the choice is about the baseline.
        preferred_entries = _preferred_entries(
            pack_systems, db, bios_dir, base_dest, required_only,
-            zip_contents, None, offline,
+            zip_contents, offline,
        )

    # Region selection is decided once, over both the platform baseline and the
@@ -779,9 +782,24 @@ def generate_pack(

                if _has_path_conflict(full_dest, seen_destinations, seen_parents):
                    # Content ships under the conflicting shape (file vs dir,
-                    # e.g. SGB1.sfc): count it so pack totals match verify.py,
-                    # which resolves each declaration independently
-                    file_status.setdefault(dedup_key, "ok")
+                    # e.g. SGB1.sfc). verify.py resolves each declaration on
+                    # its own, so this one is counted by what it resolves to:
+                    # an unresolved one counted OK had the pack claim a file
+                    # verify reports missing.
+                    _conflict_path, conflict_status = resolve_file(
+                        file_entry, db, bios_dir, zip_contents,
+                        data_dir_registry=data_registry, offline=offline,
+                    )
+                    if conflict_status == "not_found":
+                        file_status[dedup_key] = "missing"
+                        file_reasons[dedup_key] = "not found"
+                    elif conflict_status == "hash_mismatch" and (
+                        hash_mismatch_excludes_file(verification_mode)
+                    ):
+                        file_status[dedup_key] = "excluded"
+                        file_reasons[dedup_key] = "hash mismatch"
+                    else:
+                        file_status.setdefault(dedup_key, "ok")
                    continue

                storage = file_entry.get("storage", "embedded")
@@ -1069,17 +1087,21 @@ def generate_pack(
          else:
              _add_pack_member(zf, local_path, flat_dest)
          if file_status.get(full_dest) in ("missing", "excluded"):
-              previous = file_status[full_dest]
-              file_status[full_dest] = "ok"
-              if previous == "excluded":
-                  source_name = fe.get("source_profile") or fe.get(
-                      "source_emulator", "core profile"
-                  )
+              source_name = fe.get("source_profile") or fe.get(
+                  "source_emulator", "core profile"
+              )
+              if reads_file_contents(verification_mode):
+                  # The frontend hashes what sits at the path, and the core's
+                  # copy is not the hash it declares: the file ships for the
+                  # core, the platform's own check still fails, as verify says.
                  file_reasons[full_dest] = (
                      "platform-declared hash unavailable; "
-                      f"packed the validated {source_name} requirement"
+                      f"packed the validated {source_name} requirement, "
+                      "which the platform check does not accept"
                  )
              else:
+                  # An existence frontend is satisfied by any file at the path.
+                  file_status[full_dest] = "ok"
                  file_reasons.pop(full_dest, None)
          seen_destinations.add(full_dest)
          _register_path(full_dest, seen_destinations, seen_parents)
@@ -1329,6 +1351,8 @@ def generate_emulator_pack(

    total_files = 0
    missing_files = []
+    rejected_files: list[str] = []
+    discrepancies: list[str] = []
    seen_destinations: set[str] = set()
    seen_lower: set[str] = set()
    seen_parents: set[str] = (
@@ -1495,15 +1519,27 @@ def generate_emulator_pack(

                # The file verify --emulator credits is the one shipped: a
                # dump the core's own check rejects gives way to a held one
-                # it accepts (azahar's otp.bin, dolphin's dsp_rom.bin).
-                if check_file_validation(
+                # it accepts (azahar's otp.bin, dolphin's dsp_rom.bin). With
+                # none, the core would refuse what the pack ships: it is named
+                # and left out, as verify reports it.
+                refused = check_file_validation(
                    local_path, fe["name"], validation_index, bios_dir
-                ):
+                )
+                if refused:
                    better = find_validated_variant(
                        fe, db, local_path, validation_index, bios_dir
                    )
-                    if better:
-                        local_path = better
+                    if not better:
+                        reason, _owners = refused
+                        rejected_files.append(f"{fe['name']} -{reason}")
+                        continue
+                    local_path = better
+                elif status == "hash_mismatch":
+                    # Not a check the core runs, so the file still serves;
+                    # it is not the dump the profile documents, and says so.
+                    discrepancies.append(
+                        f"{fe['name']} -not the dump the {emu_name} profile declares"
+                    )

                # SHA1 dedup: skip if same physical file AND same destination
                # (but allow same file to be packed under different destinations,
@@ -1525,7 +1561,7 @@ def generate_emulator_pack(
                total_files += 1

    # Remove empty ZIP (no files packed and no missing = nothing to ship)
-    if total_files == 0 and not missing_files:
+    if total_files == 0 and not missing_files and not rejected_files:
        os.unlink(zip_path)

    # Report
@@ -1535,15 +1571,21 @@ def generate_emulator_pack(
    parts = [f"{ok_count} files packed"]
    if missing_count:
        parts.append(f"{missing_count} missing")
+    if rejected_files:
+        parts.append(f"{len(rejected_files)} refused by the core")
    print(f"  {zip_path}: {', '.join(parts)}")
    for name in missing_files:
        print(f"  MISSING: {name}")
+    for line in rejected_files:
+        print(f"  REFUSED: {line}")
+    for line in discrepancies:
+        print(f"  DISCREPANCY: {line}")
    for ref in sorted(set(data_dir_notices)):
        print(
            f"  Note: data directory '{ref}' required but not included (use refresh_data_dirs.py)"
        )

-    return zip_path if total_files > 0 or missing_files else None
+    return zip_path if total_files > 0 or missing_files or rejected_files else None


 def generate_system_pack(
@@ -1614,7 +1656,12 @@ def generate_system_pack(
                "full", regions, None, False, required_only, standalone=standalone
            )
        )
-        new_path = os.path.join(output_dir, f"{sys_display}{tags}_BIOS_Pack.zip")
+        # The selection mode is part of the name: `--system sega-triforce`
+        # and `--emulator triforce` both wrote Triforce_BIOS_Pack.zip, and
+        # the second run replaced the first without a word.
+        new_path = os.path.join(
+            output_dir, f"{sys_display}_System{tags}_BIOS_Pack.zip"
+        )
        os.replace(result, new_path)
        return new_path
    finally:
@@ -1786,6 +1833,33 @@ def generate_split_packs(
    return results


+def _entry_for_file(candidates: list[dict], held: dict) -> dict:
+    """The declaration a held file answers when several share its name.
+
+    BBKEmu declares 8.BIN once per model; the last one won, and the A4980
+    dump went to the A4988 folder. The declared hash decides, then the
+    destination the collection's own path ends with, then the last one.
+    """
+    def declared(fe: dict, key: str) -> set[str]:
+        value = fe.get(key)
+        values = value if isinstance(value, list) else str(value or "").split(",")
+        return {str(v).strip().lower() for v in values if str(v).strip()}
+
+    for fe in candidates:
+        if any(
+            str(held.get(key, "")).lower() in declared(fe, key)
+            for key in ("sha1", "md5", "sha256", "crc32")
+            if held.get(key)
+        ):
+            return fe
+    held_paths = [str(held.get("path", ""))] + [str(p) for p in held.get("paths") or []]
+    for fe in candidates:
+        tail = str(fe.get("path") or fe.get("destination") or "").lower()
+        if tail and any(path.lower().endswith("/" + tail) for path in held_paths):
+            return fe
+    return candidates[-1]
+
+
 def generate_md5_pack(
    hashes: list[tuple[str, str]],
    db: dict,
@@ -1805,7 +1879,7 @@ def generate_md5_pack(
    if zip_contents is None:
        zip_contents = {}

-    plat_file_index: dict[str, dict] = {}
+    plat_file_index: dict[str, list[dict]] = {}
    base_dest = ""
    plat_display = "Custom"
    if platform_name and platforms_dir:
@@ -1814,29 +1888,28 @@ def generate_md5_pack(
        plat_display = config.get("platform", platform_name)
        for _sys_id, system in config.get("systems", {}).items():
            for fe in system.get("files", []):
-                plat_file_index[fe.get("name", "").lower()] = fe
+                plat_file_index.setdefault(fe.get("name", "").lower(), []).append(fe)

    emu_pack_structure = None
    emu_display = ""
    if emulator_name and emulators_dir:
        profiles = load_emulator_profiles(emulators_dir, skip_aliases=False)
-        if emulator_name in profiles:
-            # The same gate as --emulator: a core with no standalone build
-            # has no standalone layout, and a pack named for one would be
-            # the libretro pack under a name that promises otherwise.
-            try:
-                (_name, profile), = select_emulator_profiles(
-                    [emulator_name], profiles, standalone
-                )
-            except ProfileSelectionError as exc:
-                print(f"Error: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
-                return None
-            emu_display = profile.get("emulator", emulator_name)
-            emu_pack_structure = profile.get("pack_structure")
-            for fe in profile.get("files", []):
-                plat_file_index[fe.get("name", "").lower()] = fe
-                for alias in fe.get("aliases", []):
-                    plat_file_index[alias.lower()] = fe
+        # The same gate as --emulator, unknown names included: a typo or a
+        # buildbot name gave a generic pack in the layout of no emulator. A
+        # core with no standalone build has no standalone layout either.
+        try:
+            (_name, profile), = select_emulator_profiles(
+                [emulator_name], profiles, standalone
+            )
+        except ProfileSelectionError as exc:
+            print(f"Error: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
+            return None
+        emu_display = profile.get("emulator", emulator_name)
+        emu_pack_structure = profile.get("pack_structure")
+        for fe in profile.get("files", []):
+            plat_file_index.setdefault(fe.get("name", "").lower(), []).append(fe)
+            for alias in fe.get("aliases", []):
+                plat_file_index.setdefault(alias.lower(), []).append(fe)

    context_name = plat_display if platform_name else (emu_display or "Custom")
    # --standalone changes the destination layout, so a run with it must not
@@ -1881,11 +1954,16 @@ def generate_md5_pack(
            matched_fe = None
            for lookup_name in [name] + aliases:
                if lookup_name.lower() in plat_file_index:
-                    matched_fe = plat_file_index[lookup_name.lower()]
+                    matched_fe = _entry_for_file(
+                        plat_file_index[lookup_name.lower()], entry
+                    )
                    break

            if matched_fe:
-                if emulator_name and emu_pack_structure is not None:
+                if emulator_name:
+                    # Laid out as the emulator pack lays it out: a profile
+                    # without pack_structure still names its path and its
+                    # standalone_path, and --standalone has to reach them.
                    dest = _resolve_destination(
                        matched_fe, emu_pack_structure, standalone
                    )
@@ -2690,6 +2768,16 @@ def main():
    packresolve.set_offline(bool(args.offline))

    _refuse_unapplied_flags(args, parser)
+    if args.target:
+        # Named once, by the name the target is filed under: every artifact
+        # name below derives from it.
+        args.target = canonical_target_name(
+            [args.platform]
+            if args.platform
+            else list_registered_platforms(args.platforms_dir, include_archived=True),
+            args.target,
+            args.platforms_dir,
+        )

    # Quick-exit modes: --verify-packs alone = verify existing packs only
    # Combined with --all-variants, generation runs first then verify
@@ -2946,6 +3034,52 @@ def _get_repo_path(sha1: str, db: dict) -> str:
    return entry.get("path", "")


+def _manifest_entry(
+    local_path: str | None,
+    dest: str,
+    cores: list[str] | None,
+    db: dict,
+    repo_root: str,
+    selection_fields: dict,
+) -> tuple[dict | None, int]:
+    """The download record of a resolved file, and the size it occupies.
+
+    The installer fetches by hash, so the entry records the copy this
+    repository holds: an upstream hash carried by no local file resolves to
+    no URL. An entry needs somewhere to be fetched from, and a file the
+    database does not index (a data directory, a copy added since the last
+    scan, a hash computed wrong) has neither a repo path nor a release
+    asset. None then, so the caller records an omission instead of a dead
+    entry that makes the installer refuse the whole manifest.
+    `selection_fields` carries what the installer narrows on.
+    """
+    sha1 = ""
+    sha256 = ""
+    file_size = 0
+    if local_path and os.path.exists(local_path):
+        file_size = os.path.getsize(local_path)
+        hashes = compute_hashes(local_path)
+        sha1 = hashes["sha1"]
+        sha256 = hashes["sha256"]
+    repo_path = _get_repo_path(sha1, db) if sha1 else ""
+    is_release_asset = _is_release_asset(local_path or "", repo_root)
+    if not repo_path and not is_release_asset:
+        return None, file_size
+    entry: dict = {
+        "dest": dest,
+        "sha1": sha1,
+        "sha256": sha256,
+        "size": file_size,
+        "repo_path": repo_path,
+        "cores": cores,
+        **selection_fields,
+    }
+    if is_release_asset:
+        entry["storage"] = "release"
+        entry["release_asset"] = _release_asset_name(local_path, repo_root)
+    return entry, file_size
+
+
 def _manifest_core_entries(
    core_files: list,
    config: dict,
@@ -2963,6 +3097,8 @@ def _manifest_core_entries(
    manifest_files: list,
    omitted_by_destination: dict,
    record_omission,
+    pack_only_sizes: list[int],
+    selection: SelectionIndex,
    required_only: bool = False,
 ) -> int:
    """Add the files a platform's cores need but its list does not name.
@@ -3018,16 +3154,6 @@ def _manifest_core_entries(
            )
            continue

-        sha1 = ""
-        sha256 = ""
-        file_size = 0
-        if local_path and os.path.exists(local_path):
-            file_size = os.path.getsize(local_path)
-            hashes = compute_hashes(local_path)
-            sha1 = hashes["sha1"]
-            sha256 = hashes["sha256"]
-
-        repo_path = _get_repo_path(sha1, db) if sha1 else ""
        source_emu = fe.get("source_profile") or fe.get("source_emulator", "")

        # Manifest dests are relative to base_destination; keep the inferred
@@ -3036,18 +3162,20 @@ def _manifest_core_entries(
        if base_dest and manifest_dest.startswith(f"{base_dest}/"):
            manifest_dest = manifest_dest[len(base_dest) + 1:]

-        entry = {
-            "dest": manifest_dest,
-            "sha1": sha1,
-            "sha256": sha256,
-            "size": file_size,
-            "repo_path": repo_path,
-            "cores": [source_emu] if source_emu else [],
-        }
-
-        if _is_release_asset(local_path or "", repo_root):
-            entry["storage"] = "release"
-            entry["release_asset"] = _release_asset_name(local_path, repo_root)
+        entry, file_size = _manifest_entry(
+            local_path, manifest_dest, [source_emu] if source_emu else [],
+            db, repo_root,
+            selection.fields(dest, fe.get("name", "")),
+        )
+        if entry is None:
+            systems = _extra_system_ids(fe)
+            record_omission(
+                full_dest, fe, systems[0] if systems else "", "not_found",
+                [source_emu] if source_emu else [],
+            )
+            if file_size:
+                pack_only_sizes.append(file_size)
+            continue

        manifest_files.append(entry)
        omitted_by_destination.pop(full_dest, None)
@@ -3060,7 +3188,7 @@ def _manifest_core_entries(
    return total_size


-def _manifest_region_drops(
+def _manifest_selection(
    config: dict,
    pack_systems: dict,
    emulators_dir: str,
@@ -3071,10 +3199,13 @@ def _manifest_region_drops(
    source: str,
    required_only: bool,
    regions: list[str] | None,
-) -> set[str]:
-    """Destinations a region list removes, grouped as the pack groups them."""
-    if not regions:
-        return set()
+) -> tuple[set[str], SelectionIndex]:
+    """Destinations a region list removes, and the groups the installer replays.
+
+    Grouped as the pack groups them, so a region the installer applies to
+    the full manifest withdraws what `--region` withdraws from the pack.
+    """
+    extras: list[dict] = []
    region_groups, _extra_dests = platform_region_groups(
        config,
        pack_systems,
@@ -3086,9 +3217,16 @@ def _manifest_region_drops(
        include_extras=(source != "platform"),
        include_all=(source == "truth"),
        required_only=required_only,
+        extras_out=extras,
    )
-    return region_mod.resolve_region_drops(
-        region_groups, region_mod.build_region_index(emu_profiles), regions
+    region_index = region_mod.build_region_index(emu_profiles)
+    drops = (
+        region_mod.resolve_region_drops(region_groups, region_index, regions)
+        if regions
+        else set()
+    )
+    return drops, SelectionIndex.build(
+        region_groups, region_index, pack_systems, extras, required_only
    )


@@ -3199,9 +3337,17 @@ def generate_manifest(
            "required": bool(file_entry.get("required", True)),
            "reason": reason,
            "cores": cores,
+            # The builder counts an unavailable regional file in its groups:
+            # the installer must too, or it keeps a fallback the pack drops.
+            **selection.fields(
+                sanitize_pack_path(
+                    file_entry.get("destination", file_entry.get("name", ""))
+                ),
+                str(file_entry.get("name") or ""),
+            ),
        }

-    region_drops = _manifest_region_drops(
+    region_drops, selection = _manifest_selection(
        config, pack_systems, emulators_dir, db, base_dest, emu_profiles,
        target_cores, source, required_only, regions,
    )
@@ -3217,7 +3363,7 @@ def generate_manifest(
        # does; a manifest carries no data directories.
        preferred_entries = _preferred_entries(
            pack_systems, db, bios_dir, base_dest, required_only,
-            zip_contents, None, offline,
+            zip_contents, offline,
        )
        for sys_id, system in sorted(pack_systems.items()):
            for file_entry in system.get("files", []):
@@ -3289,29 +3435,11 @@ def generate_manifest(
                    digest_algorithm(verification_mode), dest, manifest_owners,
                )

-                # Get SHA1 and size. The installer fetches by hash, so record
-                # the copy this repo holds: an upstream hash carried by no
-                # local file resolves to no download URL at all.
-                sha1 = ""
-                sha256 = ""
-                file_size = 0
-                if local_path and os.path.exists(local_path):
-                    file_size = os.path.getsize(local_path)
-                    hashes = compute_hashes(local_path)
-                    sha1 = hashes["sha1"]
-                    sha256 = hashes["sha256"]
-
-                repo_path = _get_repo_path(sha1, db) if sha1 else ""
-                is_release_asset = _is_release_asset(local_path or "", repo_root)
-
-                # An entry needs somewhere to be fetched from. Resolution can
-                # land on a file the database does not index -- a data
-                # directory, or a copy added since the last scan -- and then
-                # neither a repo path nor a release asset exists, so the
-                # installer would list a file it can never download. Recording
-                # it as omitted keeps that visible instead of shipping a dead
-                # entry.
-                if not repo_path and not is_release_asset:
+                entry, file_size = _manifest_entry(
+                    local_path, dest, None, db, repo_root,
+                    selection.fields(dest, file_entry["name"]),
+                )
+                if entry is None:
                    record_omission(full_dest, file_entry, sys_id, "not_found", None)
                    if file_size and full_dest not in seen_destinations:
                        pack_only_sizes.append(file_size)
@@ -3321,21 +3449,6 @@ def generate_manifest(
                            seen_lower.add(dedup_key.lower())
                    continue

-                entry: dict = {
-                    "dest": dest,
-                    "sha1": sha1,
-                    "sha256": sha256,
-                    "size": file_size,
-                    "repo_path": repo_path,
-                    "cores": None,
-                }
-
-                if is_release_asset:
-                    entry["storage"] = "release"
-                    entry["release_asset"] = _release_asset_name(
-                        local_path, repo_root
-                    )
-
                manifest_files.append(entry)
                omitted_by_destination.pop(full_dest, None)
                total_size += file_size
@@ -3365,7 +3478,8 @@ def generate_manifest(
        core_files, config, db, bios_dir, base_dest, repo_root,
        zip_contents, offline, region_drops, case_insensitive,
        seen_destinations, seen_lower, seen_parents, manifest_files,
-        omitted_by_destination, record_omission, required_only,
+        omitted_by_destination, record_omission, pack_only_sizes, selection,
+        required_only,
    )

    # Phase 3: data directories. The installer does not fetch them, so they
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ def generate_readme(db: dict, platforms_dir: str) -> str:
        "",
        "## Download BIOS packs",
        "",
-        "One pack per platform, and it holds everything the platform runs: its own BIOS list plus every file its emulator cores load. Pick your platform, download the ZIP, extract to the BIOS path. The installer above does the same file by file, and `--target` narrows it to one machine; for a region or a bare minimum, build your own pack below.",
+        "One pack per platform, and it holds everything the platform runs: its own BIOS list plus every file its emulator cores load. Pick your platform, download the ZIP, extract to the BIOS path. The installer above does the same file by file. At a terminal it asks whether to install everything or to choose systems, cores and regions, and `--system`, `--core`, `--region` and `--target` make the same choice without questions; for a bare minimum, build your own pack below.",
        "Files is how many the pack holds once extracted, the figure a file"
        " manager shows for the folder. It differs from one platform to the"
        " next because a pack carries only what that platform's emulators"
@@ -3405,11 +3405,13 @@ guarantee either: source profiles can document files nobody has dumped or
 that only the user can provide, all of them visible in the
 [gap analysis](gaps.md).

-Want less than everything? The installer takes `--target switch` to install
-only what one machine's cores need. From a clone of the repository,
-`python scripts/generate_pack.py --platform retroarch --region us` keeps one
-BIOS per region and `--required-only` the bare minimum each core needs to
-start; `--help` lists every way to build your own.
+Want less than everything? At a terminal the installer asks whether to install
+everything or to choose systems, cores and regions, and `--system`, `--core`,
+`--region` and `--target` make the same choice without questions (see the
+[installer reference](wiki/installer.md#choosing-what-to-install)). From a
+clone of the repository, `python scripts/generate_pack.py --platform retroarch
+--region us` builds the same narrowing as a pack and `--required-only` the bare
+minimum each core needs to start; `--help` lists every way to build your own.

 ---

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ def main() -> None:
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__.splitlines()[0])
    parser.add_argument("emulators", nargs="+")
    parser.add_argument("--emulators-dir", default="emulators")
-    parser.add_argument("--cache-dir", default=".cache")
+    parser.add_argument("--cache-dir", default=upstream.CACHE_DIR)
    parser.add_argument("--offline", action="store_true")
    parser.add_argument("--write", action="store_true")
    args = parser.parse_args()
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+"""What an install manifest records about each file so the installer can narrow it.
+
+The installer runs without the profiles or the database, yet a narrowed
+install must hold the same files as a pack built with the same narrowing.
+Each entry therefore carries the platform systems it belongs to and, when
+the code selects it by territory, its regions and the groups in which it
+competes. The installer replays region.resolve_region_drops over them.
+
+The pack's `--system X` keeps the platform's declarations under X and every
+core extra owned by X, then groups regions over the declarations it kept and
+over every core extra of the platform. A group membership is therefore either
+unconditional (a core extra) or present only when the declaring system is
+kept (a platform declaration), and the manifest records the two apart.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import region as region_mod
+from common import _norm_system_id, sanitize_pack_path
+from packextras import _extra_system_ids, _kept, extra_region_groups
+
+
+def _dest(entry: dict) -> str:
+    return sanitize_pack_path(entry.get("destination", entry.get("name", "")))
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SelectionIndex:
+    """System and region facts for one platform, as the pack builder reads them."""
+
+    region_index: dict[str, dict]
+    competing: frozenset[str]
+    systems_by_dest: dict[str, frozenset[str]]
+    declared_by: dict[str, frozenset[str]]
+    extra_groups: dict[str, frozenset[str]]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build(
+        cls,
+        region_groups: dict[str, list[tuple[str, str]]],
+        region_index: dict[str, dict],
+        pack_systems: dict[str, dict],
+        extras: list[dict],
+        required_only: bool = False,
+    ) -> SelectionIndex:
+        by_norm: dict[str, set[str]] = {}
+        for sys_id in pack_systems:
+            by_norm.setdefault(_norm_system_id(sys_id), set()).add(sys_id)
+
+        declared_by: dict[str, set[str]] = {}
+        for sys_id, system in pack_systems.items():
+            for file_entry in _kept(system.get("files", []), required_only):
+                dest = _dest(file_entry)
+                if dest:
+                    declared_by.setdefault(dest, set()).add(sys_id)
+
+        owned_by: dict[str, set[str]] = {}
+        extra_groups: dict[str, set[str]] = {}
+        for extra in extras:
+            dest = _dest(extra)
+            if not dest:
+                continue
+            extra_groups.setdefault(dest, set()).update(extra_region_groups(extra))
+            # A profile system the platform does not have is no system the
+            # pack's --system accepts: it would offer what the pack refuses.
+            for sys_id in _extra_system_ids(extra):
+                owned_by.setdefault(dest, set()).update(
+                    by_norm.get(_norm_system_id(sys_id), ())
+                )
+
+        systems_by_dest = {
+            dest: frozenset(declared_by.get(dest, set()) | owned_by.get(dest, set()))
+            for dest in set(declared_by) | set(owned_by)
+        }
+        return cls(
+            region_index,
+            frozenset(
+                dest for members in region_groups.values() for dest, _name in members
+            ),
+            systems_by_dest,
+            {dest: frozenset(ids) for dest, ids in declared_by.items()},
+            {dest: frozenset(ids) for dest, ids in extra_groups.items()},
+        )
+
+    def fields(self, dest: str, name: str) -> dict:
+        """What an entry carries for the installer's selection.
+
+        `systems` drives --system. A regional entry adds its regions,
+        `region_groups` it always competes in as a core extra, and
+        `region_system_groups` it competes in only when that platform system
+        is kept, and `priority` the rank the code searches it at. An entry that never competes carries no region field: an
+        untagged file always survives a region filter.
+        """
+        out: dict = {}
+        systems = self.systems_by_dest.get(dest)
+        if systems:
+            out["systems"] = sorted(systems)
+        if dest not in self.competing:
+            return out
+        regions = region_mod.lookup_regions(self.region_index, dest, name)
+        if not regions:
+            return out
+        out["regions"] = sorted(regions)
+        always = self.extra_groups.get(dest)
+        if always:
+            out["region_groups"] = sorted(always)
+        declared = self.declared_by.get(dest)
+        if declared:
+            out["region_system_groups"] = sorted(declared)
+        # The code's search rank decides whether a world file may withdraw
+        # this one when no region matches.
+        priority = region_mod.lookup_priority(self.region_index, dest, name)
+        if priority is not None:
+            out["priority"] = priority
+        return out
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ this module builds so the report and the pack withdraw the same files."""
 from __future__ import annotations

 from common import PROFILE_IDENTITY_FIELDS
-from common import expand_platform_declared_names
+from common import declared_root, expand_platform_declared_names, platform_declarations
 from common import load_emulator_profiles
 from common import resolution_is_hash_exact
 from common import resolve_local_file
@@ -33,29 +33,12 @@ def _emulator_systems_index(emu_profiles: dict | None) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
    return index

 def _detect_extras_prefix(config: dict, base_dest: str) -> str:
-    """Detect the effective BIOS prefix for core extras.
+    """The prefix core-extra destinations take (may be empty).

-    When base_destination is empty (RetroDECK), infer the prefix from
-    the dominant root of YAML-declared destinations.  Returns the prefix
-    to prepend to every core-extra destination (may be empty).
+    When base_destination is empty (RetroDECK), it is the dominant root of
+    the YAML-declared destinations.
    """
-    if base_dest:
-        return base_dest
-    dests: list[str] = []
-    for sys_data in config.get("systems", {}).values():
-        for f in sys_data.get("files", []):
-            d = f.get("destination", "")
-            if d and "/" in d:
-                dests.append(d)
-    if not dests:
-        return ""
-    from collections import Counter
-
-    roots = Counter(d.split("/", 1)[0] for d in dests)
-    most_common, count = roots.most_common(1)[0]
-    if count / len(dests) > 0.9:
-        return most_common
-    return ""
+    return base_dest or declared_root(config)

 def _detect_slug_structure(config: dict) -> tuple[bool, dict[str, str]]:
    """Detect whether a platform uses per-system slug destinations.
@@ -137,7 +120,19 @@ def _map_emulator_to_slug(
 def _slug_for(
    u: dict, profiles: dict, platform_systems: set, norm_map: dict, sys_to_slug: dict
 ) -> str:
-    """The platform slug a report entry's emulator files under, or empty."""
+    """The platform slug a report entry files under, or empty.
+
+    The entry's own system decides first: picodrive's Mega CD BIOS belongs
+    under segacd/, where RomM looks for a Mega CD game's firmware, not under
+    gamegear/, the first of the emulator's systems.
+    """
+    own = u.get("system")
+    if own:
+        slug = _map_emulator_to_slug(
+            {"systems": [own]}, platform_systems, norm_map, sys_to_slug
+        )
+        if slug:
+            return slug
    emu_name = u.get("profile") or u.get("emulator", "")
    profile = profiles.get(emu_name, {})
    if not profile:
@@ -213,7 +208,9 @@ def _agnostic_scan_extras(
            if not isinstance(candidate, dict):
                continue
            local, status = resolve_local_file(
-                candidate, db, dest_hint=candidate.get("path", "")
+                {**candidate, "source_profile": emu_name},
+                db,
+                dest_hint=candidate.get("path", ""),
            )
            if not local or "/" not in local:
                continue
@@ -439,6 +436,45 @@ def _archive_prefix_extras(
    return extras


+class ExtraPlacement:
+    """Where a pack puts a core's file, decided once for every reader.
+
+    The builder, and slots.py judging what a destination holds, both read
+    this: placed apart, slot arbitration compared RetroDECK's bios/ claims
+    with core claims at the root and never saw them meet.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: dict, base_dest: str, profiles: dict) -> None:
+        from common import _norm_system_id
+
+        self.prefix = _detect_extras_prefix(config, base_dest)
+        self.slug_based, self.sys_to_slug = _detect_slug_structure(config)
+        self.platform_systems = set(config.get("systems", {}).keys())
+        self.norm_map = (
+            {_norm_system_id(sid): sid for sid in self.platform_systems}
+            if self.slug_based
+            else {}
+        )
+        self.profiles = profiles
+
+    def place(self, entry: dict, dest: str) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        """(pack-relative destination, full destination), or None.
+
+        ``entry`` names its profile and may name its own system. A
+        slug-based platform cannot place a file of a system it has no
+        folder for.
+        """
+        if self.slug_based:
+            slug = _slug_for(
+                entry, self.profiles, self.platform_systems, self.norm_map,
+                self.sys_to_slug,
+            )
+            if not slug:
+                return None
+            dest = f"{slug}/{dest}"
+        return dest, (f"{self.prefix}/{dest}" if self.prefix else dest)
+
+
 def _collect_emulator_extras(
    config: dict,
    emulators_dir: str,
@@ -472,7 +508,7 @@ def _collect_emulator_extras(

    Works for ANY platform (RetroArch, Batocera, Recalbox, etc.)
    """
-    from common import _norm_system_id, resolve_platform_cores
+    from common import resolve_platform_cores
    from verify import find_undeclared_files

    profiles = (
@@ -482,22 +518,13 @@ def _collect_emulator_extras(
    )

    # Detect destination conventions for core extras
-    extras_prefix = _detect_extras_prefix(config, base_dest)
-    is_slug_based, sys_to_slug = _detect_slug_structure(config)
-    platform_systems = set(config.get("systems", {}).keys())
-    norm_map: dict[str, str] = {}
-    if is_slug_based:
-        for sid in platform_systems:
-            norm_map[_norm_system_id(sid)] = sid
+    placement = ExtraPlacement(config, base_dest, profiles)
+    extras_prefix = placement.prefix
+    is_slug_based = placement.slug_based

    # Use strict YAML names (no DB alias enrichment) so that files known
    # under an alias still get packed at the emulator's expected path.
-    yaml_names: set[str] = set()
-    for system in config.get("systems", {}).values():
-        for fe in system.get("files", []):
-            name = fe.get("name", "")
-            if name:
-                yaml_names.add(name)
+    yaml_names = platform_declarations(config, db, enrich=False)

    undeclared = find_undeclared_files(
        config, emulators_dir, db, emu_profiles, target_cores=target_cores,
@@ -516,15 +543,12 @@ def _collect_emulator_extras(
        dest = f"{raw_dest}{u['name']}" if raw_dest.endswith("/") else raw_dest

        # Slug-based platforms: prefix dest with system slug
-        if is_slug_based:
-            slug = _slug_for(u, profiles, platform_systems, norm_map, sys_to_slug)
-            if not slug:
-                if unplaceable is not None:
-                    unplaceable.append(u)
-                continue
-            dest = f"{slug}/{dest}"
-
-        full_dest = f"{extras_prefix}/{dest}" if extras_prefix else dest
+        placed = placement.place(u, dest)
+        if placed is None:
+            if unplaceable is not None:
+                unplaceable.append(u)
+            continue
+        dest, full_dest = placed
        if claimants is not None:
            claimants[(u.get("emulator", ""), u.get("name", ""), u.get("path") or "")] = (
                sanitize_pack_path(dest)
@@ -685,6 +709,7 @@ def platform_region_groups(
    include_extras: bool = True,
    include_all: bool = False,
    required_only: bool = False,
+    extras_out: list[dict] | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[dict[str, list[tuple[str, str]]], dict[tuple[str, str, str], str]]:
    """Group a platform's pack candidates the way region filtering reads them.

@@ -692,7 +717,8 @@ def platform_region_groups(
    grouped under, keyed by (emulator, name).  verify.py needs that mapping to
    withdraw from its report exactly what the builder withdraws from the pack:
    grouping the declared files here and the core extras there would let the
-    two answer differently on the same request.
+    two answer differently on the same request.  `extras_out` receives the
+    core extras that were grouped, for the install manifest.
    """
    groups: dict[str, list[tuple[str, str]]] = {}
    for sys_id, system in systems.items():
@@ -733,19 +759,36 @@ def platform_region_groups(
                extra.get("source_path", ""),
            )
        ] = dest
-        variant = extra.get("variant_group")
-        if variant:
-            # A variant group is one slot of one core, whatever system each
-            # member is filed under: PicoDrive files its US Mega CD BIOS under
-            # sega-segacd and the EU/JP ones under sega-megacd, and find_bios
-            # picks one of the twelve. Keyed as emulator mode keys it.
-            group_ids = [f"{extra.get('source_emulator', '')}:variant:{variant}"]
-        else:
-            group_ids = _extra_system_ids(extra) or ["_extras"]
-        for group_id in group_ids:
+        for group_id in extra_region_groups(extra):
            groups.setdefault(group_id, []).append((dest, name))
+        if extras_out is not None:
+            extras_out.append(extra)
    return groups, extra_dests

+
+def extra_region_groups(extra: dict) -> list[str]:
+    """The region groups a core extra competes in."""
+    emulator = extra.get("source_emulator", "")
+    variant = extra.get("variant_group")
+    if variant:
+        # A variant group is one slot of one core, whatever system each
+        # member is filed under: PicoDrive files its US Mega CD BIOS under
+        # sega-segacd and the EU/JP ones under sega-megacd, and find_bios
+        # picks one of the twelve. Keyed as emulator mode keys it.
+        return [f"{emulator}:variant:{variant}"]
+    explicit = extra.get("source_system")
+    if explicit:
+        return [str(explicit)]
+    systems = [str(s) for s in extra.get("source_systems", []) if s]
+    if len(systems) == 1:
+        return systems
+    # No system names the machine this file is chosen for. Filed under every
+    # system of a 30-system profile, CLK's American MSX ROM made the
+    # Enterprise group drop its German ROM. Alone, it drops nothing and is
+    # never dropped.
+    destination = extra.get("destination", extra.get("name", ""))
+    return [f"{emulator}:file:{destination}"]
+
 def emulator_region_drops(
    selected: list[tuple[str, dict]],
    standalone: bool,
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from ziptools import check_inside_zip
 from nativemode import digest_algorithm
 from validation import settle_mismatch
 from nativemode import hash_mismatch_excludes_file
+import functools
 import hashlib
 from common import filter_systems_by_target
 from common import load_emulator_profiles
@@ -35,6 +36,16 @@ import io
 from collections.abc import Callable


+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _file_sha1(path: str) -> str:
+    """SHA-1 of a cached data-directory file, read once per run."""
+    digest = hashlib.sha1()
+    with open(path, "rb") as handle:
+        for chunk in iter(lambda: handle.read(1 << 20), b""):
+            digest.update(chunk)
+    return digest.hexdigest()
+
+
 def _members_are_held(data: bytes, by_md5: dict, held_inside: dict) -> bool:
    """Whether every member of an archive is a dump the collection holds."""
    try:
@@ -215,7 +226,10 @@ def verify_pack(
                for _dp in _cands:
                    if not os.path.exists(_dp):
                        continue
-                    if os.path.getsize(_dp) == size:
+                    # The content, not the size: a member written corrupt
+                    # keeps its length, and a same-sized homonym from another
+                    # cache is another file.
+                    if os.path.getsize(_dp) == size and _file_sha1(_dp) == sha1:
                        status = "verified_data"
                        file_name = _bn
                        break
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import upstream
 from common import load_emulator_profiles
 from upstream import CompareResult, find_renamed

-DEFAULT_CACHE = ".cache/upstream"
+DEFAULT_CACHE = upstream.CACHE_DIR
 ANON_QUOTA = 60
 TRIAGE_PATH_SAMPLE = 5

@@ -1047,10 +1047,15 @@ class ProfileReport:
    upstream_pin: str | None = None
    upstream_head: str | None = None
    upstream_origin: str | None = None
+    # Repositories whose pin is no ancestor of the branch the profile
+    # tracks: history was rewritten, or the pin lies on another branch.
+    orphaned: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)

    def needs_review(self) -> int:
        counts = self.counts or {}
-        return sum(counts.get(status, 0) for status in REVIEW_STATUSES)
+        return sum(counts.get(status, 0) for status in REVIEW_STATUSES) + len(
+            self.orphaned
+        )


 def select_repo(profile: dict) -> upstream.Repo | None:
@@ -1422,6 +1427,16 @@ def build_report(
    report.pinned_tag = frozen or detect_pinned_tag(
        profile, views, cache_dir, offline
    )
+    if not report.pinned_tag:
+        # A tag or a held pin is off the tracked branch by design.
+        report.orphaned = [
+            f"{view.repo.slug}: pin {view.pin[:8]} is no ancestor of {view.head[:8]}"
+            for view in views
+            if view.pin != view.head
+            and upstream.compare(
+                view.repo, view.pin, view.head, cache_dir, offline
+            ).diverged
+        ]

    # A profile carrying no source_ref still has a pin worth writing and a
    # version worth checking, so the revisions above are resolved first.
@@ -1666,10 +1681,17 @@ def build_report(
        token on the cited line, so no single attribution can be right for all
        of them; taking the best outcome across repositories settles it.
        """
+        owner, _actual = resolve_path(part.path, part.start, tuple(tokens))
+        carrying = [
+            view for view in views
+            if fetch_from(view.repo, view.pin, part.path) is not None
+        ]
+        live = {
+            id(view) for view in carrying
+            if fetch_from(view.repo, view.head, part.path) is not None
+        }
        best = None
-        for view in views:
-            if fetch_from(view.repo, view.pin, part.path) is None:
-                continue
+        for view in carrying:
            result = anchor_part(
                part,
                lambda which, path, start=None, toks=(), _v=view: fetch(
@@ -1681,8 +1703,19 @@ def build_report(
                ),
                tokens,
            )
+            if (
+                live and id(view) not in live
+                and result.status in ("AMBIGUOUS", "GONE")
+            ):
+                # dosbox-pure's upstream was emptied: its rename search
+                # offered the .info, .sln and .vcxproj as candidates and hid
+                # the real change in the port that still carries the file.
+                continue
            rank = STATUS_ORDER.index(result.status)
-            if best is None or rank < best[0]:
+            # On a tie the repository the citation is attributed to speaks:
+            # mame's "written against HEAD, pin names an older revision" was
+            # replaced by whatever the first repository said.
+            if best is None or rank < best[0] or (rank == best[0] and view is owner):
                best = (rank, result)
        return best[1] if best else anchor_part(
            part, fetch, rename_getter, describe, tokens
@@ -1796,6 +1829,8 @@ def format_report(report: ProfileReport, changed_only: bool = False) -> str:
        lines.append("  pin is HEAD: checked for self-consistency")
    for url in report.unread or []:
        lines.append(f"  not read (unsupported host): {url}")
+    for line in report.orphaned:
+        lines.append(f"  orphaned pin: {line}")
    if report.skipped:
        lines.append(f"  skipped: {report.skipped}")
        return "\n".join(lines)
@@ -2636,9 +2671,15 @@ def _resolve_at(


 def _realign_part(
-    part: RefPart, pairs, cache_dir: str, offline: bool
+    part: RefPart, pairs, cache_dir: str, offline: bool, pinned=()
 ) -> tuple[str, object] | None:
-    """One range, anchored from its writing revision to the current pin."""
+    """One range, anchored from its writing revision to the current pin.
+
+    `pinned` lists every declared (repository, current pin). A path no moved
+    repository carries but an unmoved one does lives where nothing moved:
+    it needs no move, and calling it absent made two readings of the same
+    history disagree on every run (nethersx2's AetherSX2 citations).
+    """
    if is_external_citation(part.path):
        return None
    unclear = None
@@ -2665,6 +2706,13 @@ def _realign_part(
        return "skip", f"{part.path}:{part.start} {anchored.status.lower()}"
    if unclear:
        return "skip", f"{part.path}: {unclear}"
+    moved = {repo for repo, _written, _current in pairs}
+    if any(
+        upstream.fetch_file(repo, pin, part.path, cache_dir, offline) is not None
+        for repo, pin in pinned
+        if repo not in moved
+    ):
+        return None
    return "skip", f"{part.path} absent at the writing revision"


@@ -2704,6 +2752,7 @@ def _realign_citation(
    ambiguous: list[str],
    cache_dir: str,
    offline: bool,
+    pinned=(),
 ) -> tuple[dict[int, tuple[int, int, str | None]], list[str]]:
    """The moves one prose run needs, and what blocks them.

@@ -2719,7 +2768,7 @@ def _realign_citation(
        outcomes = {
            repr(result): result
            for result in (
-                _realign_part(part, pairs, cache_dir, offline) if pairs else None
+                _realign_part(part, pairs, cache_dir, offline, pinned) if pairs else None
                for pairs in readings
            )
        }
@@ -2766,6 +2815,12 @@ def realign_prose(
    repos = [(field, repo) for field, repo in repos if repo is not None]
    if not repos:
        return []
+    pinned = [
+        (repo, document[f"{field}_commit"])
+        for field, repo in repos
+        if isinstance(document.get(f"{field}_commit"), str)
+        and document[f"{field}_commit"]
+    ]
    history = _git_history(path)
    if not history:
        return []
@@ -2801,7 +2856,9 @@ def realign_prose(
        readings, ambiguous = _writing_pairs(document, repos, revisions, intro_sha)
        if not any(readings):
            continue
-        moves, blocked = _realign_citation(citation, readings, ambiguous, cache_dir, offline)
+        moves, blocked = _realign_citation(
+            citation, readings, ambiguous, cache_dir, offline, pinned
+        )
        if blocked:
            # Half a run must not move: the untouched ranges would read as
            # already realigned when they were never even located.
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import urllib.error
 import urllib.request
 import zipfile
 from pathlib import Path
+from artifacts import file_lock as _file_lock
 from common import yaml_load

 try:
@@ -51,28 +52,6 @@ def load_registry(registry_path: str = DEFAULT_REGISTRY) -> dict[str, dict]:
    return data.get("data_directories", {})


-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def _file_lock(lock_path: Path, shared: bool = False):
-    """Hold a lock on lock_path, waiting for it if taken.
-
-    Several sessions refresh the same data directories: without it, two
-    swaps of one tree interleave and the second lands inside the first.
-    On platforms without flock the lock is a no-op.
-    """
-    try:
-        import fcntl
-    except ImportError:
-        yield
-        return
-    lock_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    with open(lock_path, "a") as handle:
-        fcntl.flock(handle, fcntl.LOCK_SH if shared else fcntl.LOCK_EX)
-        try:
-            yield
-        finally:
-            fcntl.flock(handle, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
-
-
 def cache_lock(cache_dir: str | Path, shared: bool = False):
    """The lock a refresh holds while it swaps cache_dir.

@@ -210,6 +189,15 @@ def get_remote_sha(source_url: str, version: str) -> str | None:
        return None


+class NothingExtractedError(Exception):
+    """An archive that yields no file for the cache.
+
+    Promoting it replaced the cache with an empty directory, recorded the new
+    version and reported success, so the next run read "up to date" and the
+    packs left without the directory.
+    """
+
+
 def _is_safe_tar_member(member: tarfile.TarInfo, dest: Path) -> bool:
    """Reject path traversal, absolute paths, and symlinks in tar members."""
    if member.issym() or member.islnk():
@@ -293,6 +281,8 @@ def _download_and_extract(
                            shutil.copyfileobj(src, dst)
                    file_count += 1

+        if not file_count:
+            raise NothingExtractedError(f"no file under {source_path} in the archive")
        _promote(extract_dir, cache_dir, Path(tmpdir))

    return file_count
@@ -354,6 +344,8 @@ def _download_and_extract_zip(
                    shutil.copyfileobj(src, dst)
                file_count += 1

+        if not file_count:
+            raise NothingExtractedError("the archive holds no file to extract")
        # The old tree is stepped aside rather than deleted: removing it
        # first and then failing to move the new one in left the cache with
        # nothing at all, and the next run reads that as "never fetched".
@@ -434,6 +426,15 @@ def _refresh_entry(
        )
        return True

+    if remote_tag is None:
+        # Read before the download. A release published in between then
+        # leaves an older tag on newer content, which the next run refreshes;
+        # read after, it left a newer tag on older content, trusted for good.
+        if source_type == "zip":
+            remote_tag = _get_remote_etag(source_url)
+        else:
+            remote_tag = get_remote_sha(entry["source_url"], version)
+
    try:
        if source_type == "zip":
            strip = entry.get("strip_components", 0)
@@ -450,15 +451,11 @@ def _refresh_entry(
        OSError,
        tarfile.TarError,
        zipfile.BadZipFile,
+        NothingExtractedError,
    ) as exc:
        log.warning("[%s] download failed: %s", key, exc)
        return None

-    if remote_tag is None:
-        if source_type == "zip":
-            remote_tag = _get_remote_etag(source_url)
-        else:
-            remote_tag = get_remote_sha(entry["source_url"], version)
    _record_version(key, {"sha": remote_tag or "", "version": version}, versions_path)

    log.info("[%s] refreshed: %d files extracted to %s", key, file_count, local_cache)
@@ -150,12 +150,15 @@ def build_region_index(profiles: dict) -> dict[str, dict]:
            # Path-keyed so same-named entries stay separate (Dolphin declares
            # three IPL.bin), name-keyed so a candidate identified by name alone
            # sees the union and is never dropped on ambiguity.
+            priority = f.get("priority")
            for key in {path, name} - {""}:
                entry = index.setdefault(
                    key,
-                    {"regions": set(), "has_untagged": False, "emulators": []},
+                    {"regions": set(), "has_untagged": False, "emulators": [],
+                     "priorities": set()},
                )
                entry["regions"] |= regions
+                entry["priorities"].add(priority if isinstance(priority, int) else None)
                if not regions:
                    entry["has_untagged"] = True
                if emu_name not in entry["emulators"]:
@@ -185,6 +188,33 @@ def lookup_regions(index: dict[str, dict], destination: str, name: str) -> set[s
    return set(entry["regions"])


+def _index_entry(index: dict[str, dict], destination: str, name: str) -> dict | None:
+    """The index entry a candidate resolves to, by the lookup_regions order."""
+    if destination:
+        entry = index.get(destination)
+        if entry:
+            return entry
+        parts = destination.split("/")
+        for i in range(1, len(parts)):
+            entry = index.get("/".join(parts[i:]))
+            if entry:
+                return entry
+    return index.get(name)
+
+
+def lookup_priority(index: dict[str, dict], destination: str, name: str) -> int | None:
+    """The search rank the code gives a candidate, lower first.
+
+    None when no entry declares one, or when two declarations disagree: a
+    rank in doubt cannot decide what to drop.
+    """
+    entry = _index_entry(index, destination, name)
+    priorities = (entry or {}).get("priorities", set())
+    if len(priorities) != 1:
+        return None
+    return next(iter(priorities))
+
+
 def _competing_ranks(
    members: list[tuple[str, str]],
    index: dict[str, dict],
@@ -212,8 +242,8 @@ def resolve_region_drops(
    """Destinations to skip for a requested region priority list.

    Per group, an exact/parent regional match beats other regional candidates.
-    A world candidate beats unmatched regional fallbacks, while untagged files
-    always survive.  If neither a requested nor a world candidate exists, all
+    A world candidate beats unmatched regional fallbacks the code does not
+    search before it, while untagged files always survive.  If neither a requested nor a world candidate exists, all
    regional candidates survive so filtering can never empty a group.
    """
    if not requested:
@@ -243,7 +273,24 @@ def resolve_region_drops(
            keep |= {destination for r, destination in matched if r == best}
            drop |= {destination for _r, destination in regional if destination not in keep}
        elif world:
-            drop |= {destination for _r, destination in regional}
+            # A world file beats an unmatched regional one, unless the code
+            # provably looks for the regional one first: DuckStation ranks its
+            # PS1 images 5 to 50 and its world PS2 images 100, so a request
+            # for Brazil would otherwise leave it only the PS2 fallbacks.
+            world_ranks = [
+                lookup_priority(index, destination, name)
+                for destination, name in members
+                if destination in world
+            ]
+            known = None not in world_ranks
+            best_world = min(world_ranks) if known and world_ranks else None
+            for _r, destination in regional:
+                name = next(n for d, n in members if d == destination)
+                ours = lookup_priority(index, destination, name)
+                if best_world is not None and ours is not None and ours < best_world:
+                    keep.add(destination)
+                else:
+                    drop.add(destination)
        else:
            # Preserve every unmatched candidate as a visible fallback.
            keep |= {destination for _r, destination in regional}
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import zipfile
 from pathlib import Path

 import split_pack
-from common import write_text_atomic
+from common import ArtifactLockBusy, artifact_lock, write_text_atomic

 RECORD = "release.json"

@@ -34,11 +34,32 @@ def _match_key(value: str) -> str:
    return re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9]", "", value.lower())


+class UnfinishedSplitError(Exception):
+    """A pack lies beside its own parts: a split is running or was killed."""
+
+
 def build_record(dist: Path, tag: str) -> dict:
-    """Read every pack of a directory, parts counted once across them."""
+    """Read every pack of a directory, parts counted once across them.
+
+    Read under the shared artifact lock, so a split that is reading its parts
+    back cannot be recorded half done. A pack still beside its parts after
+    that is a split that never finished: summed, it doubled the download size
+    and named an asset that is never published.
+    """
+    with artifact_lock(str(dist), exclusive=False):
+        return _read_record(Path(dist), tag)
+
+
+def _read_record(dist: Path, tag: str) -> dict:
    assets: dict[str, list[Path]] = {}
-    for path in sorted(Path(dist).glob("*_BIOS_Pack*.zip")):
+    for path in sorted(dist.glob("*_BIOS_Pack*.zip")):
        assets.setdefault(split_pack.pack_of(path.name), []).append(path)
+    for paths in assets.values():
+        whole = [p for p in paths if not split_pack.is_part(p.name)]
+        if whole and len(paths) > len(whole):
+            raise UnfinishedSplitError(
+                f"{whole[0].name} lies beside its parts: the split did not finish"
+            )

    packs = {}
    for name, paths in sorted(assets.items()):
@@ -110,7 +131,11 @@ def main() -> int:
    parser.add_argument("--output", default=RECORD, type=Path)
    args = parser.parse_args()

-    record = build_record(args.dist, args.tag)
+    try:
+        record = build_record(args.dist, args.tag)
+    except (UnfinishedSplitError, ArtifactLockBusy) as exc:
+        print(f"Error: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
    if not record["packs"]:
        print(f"Error: no pack in {args.dist}", file=sys.stderr)
        return 1
@@ -14,10 +14,11 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any


-from common import yaml_load
+from common import write_text_atomic, yaml_load


 _MAME_RELEASE_RE = re.compile(r"^0\.\d+")
+_MAMEDEV = "https://github.com/mamedev/mame"


 def merge_mame_profile(
@@ -45,6 +46,11 @@ def merge_mame_profile(
    # never built from.
    if _MAME_RELEASE_RE.match(str(profile.get("core_version") or "")):
        profile["core_version"] = hashes.get("version", profile.get("core_version"))
+        # The refs about to be written are line numbers of that release's
+        # mamedev/mame tree: the pin moves with them, or the profile cites
+        # lines its declared revision does not hold.
+        if profile.get("upstream") == _MAMEDEV and hashes.get("commit"):
+            profile["upstream_commit"] = hashes["commit"]

    files = profile.get("files", [])
    bios_zip, non_bios = _split_files(files, lambda f: f.get("category") == "bios_zip")
@@ -380,21 +386,25 @@ def _backup_and_write(path: str, data: dict) -> None:

    original = p.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
    patched = _patch_core_version(original, data.get("core_version", ""))
+    patched = _patch_scalar(patched, "upstream_commit", data.get("upstream_commit", ""))
    patched = _patch_bios_entries(patched, data.get("files", []))
    patched = _append_new_entries(patched, data.get("files", []), original)

-    p.write_text(patched, encoding="utf-8")
+    write_text_atomic(str(p), patched)


 def _patch_core_version(text: str, version: str) -> str:
    """Replace core_version value in-place."""
-    if not version:
-        return text
-    import re
+    return _patch_scalar(text, "core_version", version)

+
+def _patch_scalar(text: str, key: str, value: str) -> str:
+    """Replace a top-level scalar in-place, quoted; absent value, no change."""
+    if not value:
+        return text
    return re.sub(
-        r"^(core_version:\s*).*$",
-        rf'\g<1>"{version}"',
+        rf"^({re.escape(key)}:\s*).*$",
+        rf'\g<1>"{value}"',
        text,
        count=1,
        flags=re.MULTILINE,
@@ -596,4 +606,4 @@ def _backup_and_write_fbneo(path: str, data: dict, hashes: dict) -> None:
            lines.append("")
        patched = patched.rstrip("\n") + "\n\n" + "\n".join(lines)

-    p.write_text(patched, encoding="utf-8")
+    write_text_atomic(str(p), patched)
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import yaml
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from pathlib import Path
-from common import yaml_load
+from common import write_text_atomic, yaml_load


@dataclass
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ class BiosRequirement:
    # is not always derivable from ours: libretro writes iplromco.dat bare
    # but ep128emu/roms/cpc464.rom with its directory.
    native_path: str | None = None
+    # The native system whose entry this one repeats under another system.
+    # The platform's own file does not carry the copy: an export skips it.
+    mirror_of: str | None = None
    # Fields the platform declares that have no equivalent in our model.
    # Kept verbatim so the native file can be written back unchanged.
    native: dict[str, object] = field(default_factory=dict)
@@ -95,6 +98,8 @@ def requirement_entry(req: BiosRequirement) -> dict:
        entry["native_system"] = req.native_id
    if req.native_path and req.native_path != req.name:
        entry["native_path"] = req.native_path
+    if req.mirror_of:
+        entry["mirror_of"] = req.mirror_of
    for key in sorted(req.native):
        value = req.native[key]
        if value not in (None, "", [], {}):
@@ -373,11 +378,12 @@ def scraper_cli(
                for field in ("data_directories",):
                    if field in old_sys and field not in sys_data:
                        sys_data[field] = old_sys[field]
-        with open(output_path, "w") as f:
-            yaml.dump(
-                config, f, Dumper=_PlatformDumper,
-                default_flow_style=False, allow_unicode=True, sort_keys=False,
-            )
+        # Written whole or not at all: a reader in the middle of a streamed
+        # dump parsed a valid platform with a fraction of its systems.
+        write_text_atomic(output_path, yaml.dump(
+            config, Dumper=_PlatformDumper,
+            default_flow_style=False, allow_unicode=True, sort_keys=False,
+        ))
        print(f"Written {len(reqs)} entries to {args.output}")
        return

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from typing import Any

 import yaml

-from common import yaml_load
+from common import write_text_atomic, yaml_load

 from scripts.scraper._hash_merge import compute_diff, merge_fbneo_profile
 from scripts.scraper.fbneo_parser import parse_fbneo_source_tree
@@ -187,9 +187,8 @@ def fetch_and_cache(force: bool = False) -> dict[str, Any]:
        }

        CACHE_PATH.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-        CACHE_PATH.write_text(
-            json.dumps(cache, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n",
-            encoding="utf-8",
+        write_text_atomic(
+            str(CACHE_PATH), json.dumps(cache, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n"
        )
        log.info("wrote %d BIOS sets to %s", len(bios_sets), CACHE_PATH)

@@ -279,9 +279,14 @@ class Scraper(BaseScraper):
                "docs": "https://docs.libretro.com/library/xrick/",
            },
        }
+        # Every entry below is ours, not System.dat's: marked curated so an
+        # export of System.dat does not take it for libretro's.
        for sys_id, sys_data in EXTRA_SYSTEMS.items():
            if sys_id not in systems:
-                systems[sys_id] = sys_data
+                systems[sys_id] = {
+                    **sys_data,
+                    "files": [{**f, "curated": True} for f in sys_data["files"]],
+                }

        # Arcade BIOS present in the repo but absent from System.dat.
        # FBNeo expects them in system/ or system/fbneo/.
@@ -310,7 +315,7 @@ class Scraper(BaseScraper):
            existing = {f["name"] for f in systems["arcade"].get("files", [])}
            for ef in EXTRA_ARCADE_FILES:
                if ef["name"] not in existing:
-                    systems["arcade"]["files"].append(ef)
+                    systems["arcade"]["files"].append({**ef, "curated": True})

        # segasp.zip for Sega System SP (Flycast)
        if "sega-dreamcast-arcade" in systems:
@@ -323,6 +328,7 @@ class Scraper(BaseScraper):
                        "name": "segasp.zip",
                        "destination": "dc/segasp.zip",
                        "required": True,
+                        "curated": True,
                    }
                )

@@ -442,7 +448,7 @@ class Scraper(BaseScraper):
                for ef in extra_files:
                    key = (ef["name"], ef.get("destination", ef["name"]))
                    if key not in existing:
-                        systems[sys_id]["files"].append(ef)
+                        systems[sys_id]["files"].append({**ef, "curated": True})
                        existing.add(key)

        # ep128emu shared group for Enterprise
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from typing import Any

 import yaml

-from common import yaml_load
+from common import write_text_atomic, yaml_load

 from ._hash_merge import compute_diff, merge_mame_profile
 from .mame_parser import parse_mame_source_tree
@@ -66,8 +66,9 @@ def _is_stale(cache: dict[str, Any] | None) -> bool:

 def _write_cache(data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
    _CACHE_PATH.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    with open(_CACHE_PATH, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        json.dump(data, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
+    write_text_atomic(
+        str(_CACHE_PATH), json.dumps(data, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
+    )
    log.info("cache written to %s", _CACHE_PATH)


@@ -86,17 +87,25 @@ def _run_git(
    )


-def _sparse_clone() -> None:
+def _sparse_clone(tag: str) -> None:
+    """Clone the release the data will be labelled with, not master.
+
+    The version comes from the latest release; cloning master gave line
+    numbers and hashes of a later revision under that release's label, and
+    the profiles cited lines no declared revision holds.
+    """
    if _CLONE_DIR.exists():
        shutil.rmtree(_CLONE_DIR)
    _CLONE_DIR.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

-    log.info("sparse cloning mamedev/mame into %s", _CLONE_DIR)
+    log.info("sparse cloning mamedev/mame %s into %s", tag, _CLONE_DIR)
    _run_git(
        [
            "clone",
            "--depth",
            "1",
+            "--branch",
+            tag,
            "--filter=blob:none",
            "--sparse",
            _REPO_URL,
@@ -110,7 +119,12 @@ def _sparse_clone() -> None:


 def _get_version() -> str:
-    """The latest MAME release, from the GitHub API.
+    """The latest MAME release version, such as 0.289."""
+    return _parse_version_tag(_get_release_tag())
+
+
+def _get_release_tag() -> str:
+    """The latest MAME release tag, from the GitHub API.

    version.cpp is generated at build time, not in the repo. A failed lookup
    raises: "unknown" was cached for a day and written as core_version.
@@ -131,7 +145,7 @@ def _get_version() -> str:
        raise RuntimeError(f"cannot read the MAME release from {url}: {exc}") from exc
    if not tag:
        raise RuntimeError(f"no tag_name in {url}")
-    return _parse_version_tag(tag)
+    return tag


 def _parse_version_tag(tag: str) -> str:
@@ -251,9 +265,10 @@ def _fetch_hashes(force: bool) -> dict[str, Any]:
        return cache  # type: ignore[return-value]

    try:
-        _sparse_clone()
+        tag = _get_release_tag()
+        _sparse_clone(tag)
        bios_sets = parse_mame_source_tree(str(_CLONE_DIR))
-        version = _get_version()
+        version = _parse_version_tag(tag)
        commit = _get_commit()

        data: dict[str, Any] = {
@@ -248,7 +248,9 @@ class Scraper(BaseScraper):
            raise ConnectionError(f"Failed to fetch component tree: {e}") from e

        if tree.get("truncated"):
-            print("  WARNING: GitHub tree response truncated", file=sys.stderr)
+            # A partial tree lists some components: writing the YAML from it
+            # drops the others' systems without a word.
+            raise ConnectionError("GitHub tree response truncated")

        component_dirs = [
            item["path"]
@@ -260,16 +262,24 @@ class Scraper(BaseScraper):
        for comp in sorted(component_dirs):
            url = f"{RAW_BASE}/{comp}/component_manifest.json"
            print(f"  {comp} ...", file=sys.stderr, end="", flush=True)
+            # Only a 404 says the component has no manifest. A 429, a 503 or
+            # a dropped connection is no answer: skipping it wrote
+            # retrodeck.yml without that component's systems, exit code 0.
            try:
                req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=headers)
                with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=15) as resp:
                    data = json.loads(resp.read().decode())
-                manifests.append((comp, data))
-                print(" ok", file=sys.stderr)
-            except (urllib.error.HTTPError, urllib.error.URLError):
-                print(" skip", file=sys.stderr)
+            except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
+                if e.code == 404:
+                    print(" no manifest", file=sys.stderr)
+                    continue
+                raise ConnectionError(f"{url}: HTTP {e.code}") from e
+            except urllib.error.URLError as e:
+                raise ConnectionError(f"{url}: {e.reason}") from e
            except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
-                print(f" parse error: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+                raise ValueError(f"{url}: not JSON: {e}") from e
+            manifests.append((comp, data))
+            print(" ok", file=sys.stderr)
        return manifests

    def _fetch_local_manifests(self) -> list[tuple[str, dict]]:
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ class Scraper(BaseScraper):
                        destination=f"{slug}/{filename}",
                        required=True,
                        native_id=slug,
+                        mirror_of=None if slug == igdb_slug else igdb_slug,
                    )
                )

@@ -28,8 +28,11 @@ class BaseTargetScraper(ABC):
            import yaml
        except ImportError:
            raise ImportError("PyYAML required: pip install pyyaml")
-        with open(output_path, "w") as f:
-            yaml.dump(data, f, default_flow_style=False, sort_keys=False)
+        from common import write_text_atomic
+
+        write_text_atomic(
+            output_path, yaml.dump(data, default_flow_style=False, sort_keys=False)
+        )


 _scrapers: dict[str, type] = {}
@@ -136,9 +136,14 @@ def profile_claims(
    standalone_cores: set[str] | None = None,
    zip_contents: dict | None = None,
    data_dir_registry: dict | None = None,
+    config: dict | None = None,
 ) -> list[Claim]:
    """What each emulator profile says belongs at each destination it names.

+    With the platform's config, a claim sits where the pack puts the core's
+    file (ExtraPlacement): under RetroDECK's bios/, under RomM's system
+    folder. A file the platform cannot place claims nothing.
+
    A file can exist in one build of an emulator and not the other, and the
    two builds read from different directories. The mode is decided per
    emulator, not per pack: a platform runs some of its emulators as libretro
@@ -148,6 +153,11 @@ def profile_claims(
    ``standalone_path``. This is the gate verify already applies.
    """
    standalone_cores = standalone_cores or set()
+    placement = None
+    if config is not None:
+        from packextras import ExtraPlacement  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+        placement = ExtraPlacement(config, base_dest, profiles)
    claims: list[Claim] = []
    for emu_name, profile in sorted(profiles.items()):
        if profile.get("type") in ("launcher", "alias"):
@@ -174,9 +184,18 @@ def profile_claims(
            ) or entry.get("name") or ""
            if not dest:
                continue
-            full = f"{base_dest}/{dest}" if base_dest else dest
+            if placement is None:
+                full = f"{base_dest}/{dest}" if base_dest else dest
+            else:
+                placed = placement.place(
+                    {"profile": emu_name, "system": entry.get("system")}, dest
+                )
+                if placed is None:
+                    continue
+                full = placed[1]
+            # The owner's own copy is the one the builder ships.
            local, status = resolve_local_file(
-                entry,
+                {**entry, "source_profile": emu_name},
                db,
                zip_contents,
                dest_hint=dest,
@@ -235,7 +254,8 @@ def find_conflicts(
    # claim at all matches what ships is a disagreement.
    by_slot: dict[str, list[Claim]] = {}
    for claim in profile_claims(
-        profiles, db, base_dest, standalone_cores, zip_contents, data_dir_registry
+        profiles, db, base_dest, standalone_cores, zip_contents, data_dir_registry,
+        config=config,
    ):
        key = _normalize(claim.destination)
        platform = by_dest.get(key)
@@ -310,6 +310,43 @@ def _system_dir_files(profile: dict, standalone: bool) -> list[dict]:
    )


+def _archives_not_members(files: list[dict]) -> list[dict]:
+    """A profile's entries with the members of each archive folded into it.
+
+    fbneo declares bubsys.zip as the ROMs it holds, each carrying
+    `archive: bubsys.zip`. The platform reads the archive, never a member:
+    as loose files the members were added to RetroArch's System.dat, and
+    the 480-byte boot.bin was filed under the Dreamcast by its bare name.
+    The archive stands in their place with the members as its contents,
+    the shape a profile that declares the archive itself already has.
+    """
+    out: list[dict] = []
+    archives: dict[tuple[str, str], dict] = {}
+    for fe in files:
+        archive = fe.get("archive")
+        if not archive:
+            out.append(fe)
+            continue
+        key = (archive, fe.get("system", ""))
+        entry = archives.get(key)
+        if entry is None:
+            entry = {"name": archive, "category": "bios_zip", "contents": []}
+            if fe.get("system"):
+                entry["system"] = fe["system"]
+            if fe.get("source_ref") is not None:
+                entry["source_ref"] = fe["source_ref"]
+            archives[key] = entry
+            out.append(entry)
+        if fe.get("required"):
+            entry["required"] = True
+        entry["contents"].append({
+            field: fe[field]
+            for field in ("name", "size", "crc32", "sha1", "md5")
+            if fe.get(field) is not None
+        })
+    return out
+
+
 def generate_platform_truth(
    platform_name: str,
    config: dict,
@@ -376,6 +413,7 @@ def generate_platform_truth(
        return norm_to_platform.get(normed, profile_sid)

    systems: dict[str, dict] = {}
+    unattributed: dict[str, int] = {}
    cores_profiled: set[str] = set()
    cores_unprofiled: set[str] = set()
    # Track which cores contribute to each system
@@ -388,16 +426,34 @@ def generate_platform_truth(
            continue
        cores_profiled.add(emu_name)

-        filtered = _system_dir_files(
+        filtered = _archives_not_members(_system_dir_files(
            profile, runs_standalone(emu_name, profile, standalone_set)
-        )
+        ))

+        on_platform = {
+            _map_sys_id(sid) for sid in profile.get("systems", [])
+        } & platform_sys_ids
        for fe in filtered:
            profile_sid = fe.get("system", "")
-            if not profile_sid:
-                sys_ids = profile.get("systems", [])
-                profile_sid = sys_ids[0] if sys_ids else "unknown"
-            sys_id = _map_sys_id(profile_sid, fe.get("name", ""))
+            sys_ids = profile.get("systems", [])
+            if profile_sid:
+                sys_id = _map_sys_id(profile_sid, fe.get("name", ""))
+            elif len(sys_ids) <= 1:
+                sys_id = _map_sys_id(sys_ids[0] if sys_ids else "unknown", fe.get("name", ""))
+            else:
+                # A multi-system profile's entry without a system: the
+                # platform's own declaration of the name decides, or the one
+                # profile system the platform has. Otherwise it is not filed:
+                # the first system was a guess, and CLK's Apple, Mac, ZX and
+                # Amiga ROMs went to RomM as Amstrad CPC firmware.
+                declared = file_to_plat_sys.get(fe.get("name", "").lower())
+                if declared:
+                    sys_id = declared
+                elif len(on_platform) == 1:
+                    sys_id = next(iter(on_platform))
+                else:
+                    unattributed[emu_name] = unattributed.get(emu_name, 0) + 1
+                    continue
            system = systems.setdefault(sys_id, {})
            _merge_file_into_system(system, fe, emu_name, db)
            # Track core contribution per system
@@ -469,6 +525,9 @@ def generate_platform_truth(
            "cores_resolved": len(resolved),
            "cores_profiled": len(cores_profiled),
            "cores_unprofiled": sorted(cores_unprofiled),
+            # Entries of multi-system cores no system of this platform can
+            # be said to own: counted, never filed under a guess.
+            "unattributed": dict(sorted(unattributed.items())),
        },
    }

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path

 USER_AGENT = "retrobios-profile-sync/1.0"
+# Where fetched upstream files live, shared by every reader of this cache.
+CACHE_DIR = ".cache/upstream"
 ABSENT = "\0absent\0"
 GITHUB_COMPARE_CAP = 300
 RETRIES = 3
@@ -120,6 +122,10 @@ class FileChange:
 class CompareResult:
    files: list[FileChange]
    truncated: bool
+    # The forge reports the two revisions on separate lines of history: the
+    # base is no ancestor of the head. A pin in that state survives only
+    # while the forge keeps the orphaned object (advancemame, 2026-10-05).
+    diverged: bool = False


 def parse_repo(url: str) -> Repo | None:
@@ -524,7 +530,7 @@ def compare(
    else:
        files = _changes_from_github(payload)
    truncated = bool(payload.get("truncated")) or len(files) >= GITHUB_COMPARE_CAP
-    return CompareResult(files, truncated)
+    return CompareResult(files, truncated, payload.get("status") == "diverged")


 def find_renamed(result: CompareResult, path: str) -> str | None:
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import json
 import os
 import sys
 import zipfile
+from collections.abc import Mapping

 import slots

@@ -43,7 +44,8 @@ from common import (
    check_inside_zip,
    compute_hashes,
    expand_directory_entries,
-    expand_platform_declared_names,
+    name_match_size_ok,
+    platform_declarations,
    filter_systems_by_target,
    group_identical_platforms,
    list_emulator_profiles,
@@ -287,6 +289,19 @@ def verify_entry_sha1(
 # Severity mapping per platform


+def _emulator_severity(status: str, required: bool, hle_fallback: bool) -> str:
+    """Severity when the emulator's own code is the check.
+
+    A file present but refused by the core's validation, or a different dump
+    than the one the profile declares, is not a file the core runs with:
+    read in existence mode it counted OK, and `verify --emulator` announced
+    1/1 OK above the line that said the core would refuse it.
+    """
+    if status == Status.UNTESTED:
+        return Severity.WARNING
+    return compute_severity(status, required, "existence", hle_fallback)
+
+
 def compute_severity(
    status: str,
    required: bool,
@@ -383,7 +398,8 @@ def _candidate_verdict(
    fname: str,
    is_standalone: bool,
    include_all: bool,
-    declared_names: set,
+    declared_names: Mapping[str, list[tuple[int | None, str]]] | set[str],
+    dest: str = "",
 ) -> str:
    """Whether a profile entry can be a gap, and whether it is settled.

@@ -399,12 +415,39 @@ def _candidate_verdict(
    if outside_gap_scope(file_entry, is_standalone):
        return "skip"
    if not include_all:
-        # A platform declaring any name the core answers to has met the
-        # requirement: quasi88 reads n88sub.rom or disk.rom, and System.dat
-        # names disk.rom. Without the aliases the pack carried the ROM twice.
-        answers = {fname, file_entry.get("archive") or "", *file_entry.get("aliases", [])}
-        if answers & declared_names:
+        # A platform declaring the name the core reads has met the
+        # requirement where the declaration fills the entry's own slot,
+        # whose content the slot arbitration decides, or elsewhere at a size
+        # the core accepts: the builder copies that file to the core's path.
+        # Galaksija's 4 KiB ROM1.BIN does not stand for DOSBox's 32 KiB SC-55
+        # one. The builder copies nothing for an alias, so an alias answers
+        # only where the core reads it: quasi88 reads n88sub.rom or disk.rom
+        # in quasi88/, and System.dat names quasi88/disk.rom. RetroDECK's
+        # root MSX.ROM is not CLK's MSX/MSX.ROM, and RetroBat's 16 KiB MSX
+        # DISK.ROM at the root is not the 256-byte Disk II ROM gsplus also
+        # accepts as c600.rom. The archive answers by its name.
+        if file_entry.get("archive") in declared_names:
            return "settled"
+        slot = sanitize_pack_path(dest or fname).lower()
+        directory = slot if dest.endswith("/") else slot.rpartition("/")[0]
+        for name in (fname, *file_entry.get("aliases", [])):
+            if name not in declared_names:
+                continue
+            if not isinstance(declared_names, Mapping):
+                return "settled"
+            if name == fname:
+                if any(
+                    where == slot or name_match_size_ok(file_entry, size)
+                    for size, where in declared_names[name]
+                ):
+                    return "settled"
+                continue
+            read_at = f"{directory}/{name}".lower() if directory else name.lower()
+            if any(
+                where == read_at and name_match_size_ok(file_entry, size)
+                for size, where in declared_names[name]
+            ):
+                return "settled"
    return "keep"


@@ -425,16 +468,16 @@ def find_undeclared_files(
    target_cores: set[str] | None = None,
    data_names: set[str] | None = None,
    include_all: bool = False,
-    declared_names: set[str] | None = None,
+    declared_names: Mapping[str, list[tuple[int | None, str]]] | None = None,
 ) -> list[dict]:
    """Find files needed by cores but not declared in platform config.

-    declared_names overrides the default enriched set from
-    expand_platform_declared_names.  Pass a strict set (YAML names only)
-    when building packs so alias-only names still get packed.
+    declared_names overrides the default enriched declarations from
+    platform_declarations.  Pass the strict ones (YAML names only) when
+    building packs so alias-only names still get packed.
    """
    if declared_names is None:
-        declared_names = expand_platform_declared_names(config, db)
+        declared_names = platform_declarations(config, db)

    # Whether the builder drops a file whose local copy contradicts its
    # declared hash, which decides if such a copy counts as held here.
@@ -510,7 +553,7 @@ def find_undeclared_files(
            if not fname or seen_key in seen_files:
                continue
            verdict = _candidate_verdict(
-                f, fname, is_standalone, include_all, declared_names
+                f, fname, is_standalone, include_all, declared_names, dest
            )
            if verdict == "settled":
                seen_files.add(seen_key)
@@ -733,14 +776,13 @@ def _mark_unplaced(config: dict, undeclared: list[dict], profiles: dict) -> None

 def _twin_index(
    verify_systems: dict, db: dict, base_dest: str, zip_contents: dict,
-    data_dir_registry: dict | None,
 ) -> tuple[dict[str, int], dict[int, tuple[str, dict]]]:
    """Which declaration the pack ships at each destination, and every declaration by id."""
    from generate_pack import _preferred_entries

    preferred_entries = _preferred_entries(
        verify_systems, db, DEFAULT_BIOS_DIR, base_dest, False,
-        zip_contents, data_dir_registry, True,
+        zip_contents, True,
    )
    winners = {
        id(fe): (sid, fe)
@@ -925,7 +967,7 @@ def verify_platform(
    # xroar component hashes bios/disk.rom and finds the PC-88 ROM.
    base_dest = config.get("base_destination", "")
    preferred_entries, winners = _twin_index(
-        verify_systems, db, base_dest, zip_contents, data_dir_registry
+        verify_systems, db, base_dest, zip_contents
    )

    for sys_id, system in verify_systems.items():
@@ -1499,7 +1541,7 @@ def verify_emulator(
                    prev, 0
                ):
                    file_status[dest] = cur
-                sev = compute_severity(cur, required, "existence", False)
+                sev = _emulator_severity(cur, required, False)
                prev_sev = file_severity.get(dest)
                if prev_sev is None or _SEVERITY_ORDER.get(
                    sev, 0
@@ -1612,7 +1654,7 @@ def verify_emulator(
                    prev, 0
                ):
                    file_status[dest] = cur
-                sev = compute_severity(cur, required, "existence", hle)
+                sev = _emulator_severity(cur, required, hle)
                prev_sev = file_severity.get(dest)
                if prev_sev is None or _SEVERITY_ORDER.get(
                    sev, 0
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Abdessamad Derraz	c64e146a43	fix: refuse standalone copies install can't run	2026-10-10 12:13:18 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	61cba2d3c1	fix: hold the installer to python 3.8 for real	2026-10-10 12:12:32 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	8380f63f97	fix: write one romm entry per key	2026-10-10 12:11:16 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	c38c790945	fix: never file a multi-system rom by guess	2026-10-10 12:10:32 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	88d7ca4814	fix: stop a retrodeck scrape on a failed fetch	2026-10-10 12:08:52 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	14b32b38ba	fix: verify data-dir pack members by content	2026-10-10 12:08:13 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	3d0170264a	fix: place slot claims where the pack puts extras	2026-10-10 12:07:00 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	2c2f284414	fix: file a slug-platform bios under its own system	2026-10-10 11:43:08 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	315549a5b0	fix: decide destination winners without data dirs	2026-10-10 11:20:33 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	26ea5336a7	fix: list a target's cores after its overrides	2026-10-10 11:17:53 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	de795262d7	fix: count an alias as declared in the gap report	2026-10-10 11:16:59 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	b00352754c	fix: keep retropie's list idiom when extending	2026-10-10 11:16:21 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	e26ee44229	fix: export only what the platform declares	2026-10-10 11:15:25 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	b5f9095633	fix: write retrodeck additions beside homonyms	2026-10-10 10:57:57 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	0057a82fe1	fix: write recalbox additions at the core path	2026-10-10 10:56:46 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	1cedc9930b	fix: let search order guard regional files	2026-10-10 10:56:09 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	c2bdef4db4	fix: pair a bare truth name by name, not suffix	2026-10-10 10:04:35 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	556d4a45aa	fix: carry an archive in the truth, not its roms	2026-10-10 10:04:35 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	befb23b492	fix: tag only territory-switched ace-dl roms	2026-10-10 10:00:30 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	65d396e996	fix: drop territory tags from msx font roms	2026-10-10 09:58:05 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	2a049dc9c9	fix: let a shared path only keep a system	2026-10-10 09:49:56 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	ffa6516e09	fix: let an alias settle only where the core reads	2026-10-10 09:47:50 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	836c56b3fa	fix: pin the jaguar model-m boot rom by hash	2026-10-10 09:17:46 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	bbce3902dd	fix: keep a system an on-target core reads	2026-10-10 09:15:22 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	f6da2cff3a	fix: settle a core file only by its size or slot	2026-10-10 09:15:11 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	be45eda62d	fix: expect the renamed system pack in its test	2026-10-10 08:48:09 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	c3f3d16999	chore: regenerate install manifests	2026-10-10 08:30:07 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	d7cc757d22	fix: re-profile eka2l1 on its rewritten branch	2026-10-10 08:21:26 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	e0dab891ee	fix: let a system-less extra compete with nothing	2026-10-10 08:14:57 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	707c81d2cf	fix: name a target by its canonical name	2026-10-10 08:09:00 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	e6905f48e7	fix: name a system pack apart from an emulator one	2026-10-10 08:04:04 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	9002a4a4bb	fix: lay a hash pack out as its emulator does	2026-10-10 07:59:18 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	e8bdcb405d	fix: refuse an unknown emulator for a hash pack	2026-10-10 07:54:56 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	1cd743242f	fix: report a pin the tracked history lost	2026-10-10 07:53:06 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	e8bac256e7	chore: re-pin advancemame on its rewritten master	2026-10-10 07:53:06 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	884c43c109	fix: a citation in an unmoved repo needs no move	2026-10-10 07:51:09 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	a213898c6d	fix: follow dosbox-pure to codeberg	2026-10-10 07:50:07 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	203e75c1f4	fix: let the live, owning repository judge a ref	2026-10-10 07:49:14 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	7e079e789e	fix: point twice-shifted refs at their code	2026-10-10 07:46:12 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	af7b3133a4	fix: resolve profile entries with their owner	2026-10-10 07:38:33 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	8a661932f2	chore: regenerate database, manifests and readme	2026-10-10 07:33:39 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	06ad1d10d3	fix: serve armsx2 the vulkan shader it reads	2026-10-10 07:32:21 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	c38b8f980f	fix: identify each zesarux rom by its bytes	2026-10-10 07:32:21 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	81a989c56c	fix: give the azahar key slot its own key file	2026-10-10 07:32:21 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	1a182a1e33	fix: write each profile path with its file name	2026-10-10 07:16:03 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	31e2d4235a	fix: say what the core refuses in emulator mode	2026-10-10 07:11:08 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	22cad6ee01	fix: a core copy does not pass a hash declaration	2026-10-10 07:04:22 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	748562e71d	fix: count a conflicting declaration by its file	2026-10-10 07:02:38 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	d2a61b4a89	refactor: name the new exceptions as errors	2026-10-10 05:29:38 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	4de21e1157	chore: deploy the site when manifest fields change	2026-10-10 05:29:38 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	20ba21c710	fix: keep the git probe out of the repository	2026-10-10 05:29:38 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	8c324706c5	chore: record systems and regions in the manifests	2026-10-10 04:56:18 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	a493111820	fix: update the native source index under a lock	2026-10-10 04:48:30 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	77b9abfa49	fix: read a data directory tag before its download	2026-10-10 04:45:44 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	a00f57ad37	fix: write scraped files whole or not at all	2026-10-10 04:45:10 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	170b7d93ae	fix: record a release only from finished packs	2026-10-10 04:43:42 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	6c75f5ae15	fix: keep the cache when an archive yields nothing	2026-10-10 04:42:58 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	6fca4149f5	feat: offer the files no platform system owns	2026-10-10 04:42:11 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	788a6dd4df	fix: read the upstream cache from one name	2026-10-10 04:41:39 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	537600730c	chore: refresh mame refs at the 0.289 tag	2026-10-10 04:41:39 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	a116743471	fix: scrape the mame release that labels the data	2026-10-10 04:40:27 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	ece2c06aaf	feat: choose systems, cores and regions to install	2026-10-10 04:31:57 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	b0bd20f403	refactor: build every manifest entry in one place	2026-10-10 04:07:04 +02:00
Abdessamad Derraz	bfa741a9c9	fix: accept the slug omission in the installer	2026-10-10 03:59:23 +02:00