emulator: Clock Signal (CLK)
type: standalone
source: "https://github.com/TomHarte/CLK"
upstream: "https://github.com/TomHarte/CLK"
profiled_date: "2026-03-26"
source_commit: "53a1ee78f2f6857815f50247dbf4f76bc5c8c3d9"
core_version: "2026-07-28"
display_name: "Clock Signal"
cores: [clk]
systems:
  - amstrad-cpc
  - acorn-archimedes
  - acorn-electron
  - acorn-bbc-micro
  - amiga
  - apple-ii
  - apple-iigs
  - apple-macintosh
  - atari-2600
  - atari-st
  - colecovision
  - commodore-plus4
  - commodore-vic20
  - enterprise-64-128
  - microsoft-msx
  - microsoft-msx2
  - oric
  - pc-compatible
  - sega-mastersystem
  - sinclair-zx80-81
  - sinclair-zx-spectrum
  - thomson-mo5
  - thomson-mo6

notes: |
  Multi-system cycle-accurate emulator by Tom Harte. Used by Batocera and
  RetroBat as a standalone emulator. Invoked as clksignal with --rompath
  pointing to the BIOS directory.

  ROM resolution: {rompath}/{machine_name}/{filename}. Machine names are
  fixed strings per system (e.g. "Enterprise", "Oric", "AmstradCPC").
  Batocera passes --rompath=/userdata/bios/.

  All ROMs are loaded via a centralized ROM::Request/ROMFetcher system.
  No hash validation at runtime. CRC32s in the ROM catalogue are for host
  platform identification only. Sizes are enforced via truncation/padding.

  Built-in ROMs (compiled into binary, no external file needed):
  Amstrad CPC (all 7), ZX Spectrum (all 4), ZX80 + ZX81. These systems
  function without external ROM files. User-supplied files override the
  built-in copies.

  Atari 2600 requires no system ROM (cartridge-only).

files:
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Acorn Archimedes (machine_name: "Archimedes")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: ROM311
    path: Archimedes/ROM311
    description: "RISC OS v3.11"
    size: 2097152
    crc32: "54c0c963"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:58-65"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Acorn BBC Micro (machine_name: "BBCMicro")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: basic.rom
    path: Acorn/basic.rom
    description: "Acorn BASIC II ROM, shared by BBC Micro and Electron"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "79434781"
    required: true
    aliases: [basic2.rom]
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:78-85"

  - name: os12.rom
    path: BBCMicro/os12.rom
    description: "BBC MOS v1.2"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "3c14fc70"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:436-443"

  - name: dfs09.rom
    path: BBCMicro/dfs09.rom
    description: "Acorn 8271 DFS 0.9 ROM"
    size: 8192
    crc32: "3ce609cf"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: only when using 8271 disk interface"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:444-451"

  - name: dfs-2.26.rom
    path: BBCMicro/dfs-2.26.rom
    description: "Acorn 1770 DFS 2.26 ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "5ae33e94"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for 1770 DFS or tube processor"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:452-459"

  - name: adfs-1.30.rom
    path: BBCMicro/adfs-1.30.rom
    description: "Acorn ADFS 1.30 ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "d3855588"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for ADFS support"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:460-467"

  - name: ADT-1.40.rom
    path: BBCMicro/ADT-1.40.rom
    description: "Advanced Disc Toolkit 1.40 ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "8314fed0"
    required: false
    note: "Optional: fetched separately, silently skipped if absent"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:468-475"

  - name: TUBE110.rom
    path: BBCMicro/TUBE110.rom
    description: "6502 Tube 1.10 Boot ROM"
    size: 2048
    crc32: "9ec2dbd0"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for 6502 tube processor"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:476-483"

  - name: Z80_122.rom
    path: BBCMicro/Z80_122.rom
    description: "Z80 Tube 1.22 Boot ROM"
    size: 4096
    crc32: "b5851efc"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for Z80 tube processor"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:484-491"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Acorn Electron (machine_name: "Electron")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: basic.rom
    path: Electron/basic.rom
    description: "Acorn BASIC II ROM (Electron copy)"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "79434781"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:90-97"

  - name: os.rom
    path: Electron/os.rom
    description: "Electron MOS ROM v1.00"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "bf63fb1f"
    required: true
    note: >
      The catalogue accepts five images: 406a42ce, 0886741b, bf63fb1f, 6fea0978
      and d61135d7. They differ only in the credits text, which lives on the IO
      page of a real machine.
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:146-156"

  - name: ADFS-E00_1.rom
    path: Electron/ADFS-E00_1.rom
    description: "E00 ADFS ROM, first slot"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "51523993"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for PRES ADFS"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:98-105"

  - name: ADFS-E00_2.rom
    path: Electron/ADFS-E00_2.rom
    description: "E00 ADFS ROM, second slot"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "8d17de0e"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for PRES ADFS"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:106-113"

  - name: adfs.rom
    path: Electron/adfs.rom
    description: "Acorn ADFS ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "3289bdc6"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for Acorn ADFS"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:114-121"

  - name: DFS-1770-2.20.rom
    path: Electron/DFS-1770-2.20.rom
    description: "1770 DFS ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "f3dc9bc5"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for DFS disk images"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:122-129"

  - name: ELK130E.rom
    path: Electron/ELK130E.rom
    description: "IDE-modified ADFS 1.03 ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "a923368d"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for IDE interface"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:130-137"

  - name: AP6v133.rom
    path: Electron/AP6v133.rom
    description: "Advanced Plus 6 ROM"
    size: 7772
    crc32: "e0013cfc"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for AP6 commands. The catalogue records crc32 e0013cfc, which is the 7772-byte RetroHardware Plus 1 Support 1.33c build of 16 Jun 2020, and declares 8 KiB: Request::Node::validate() resizes the loaded image to 8192 bytes and the fetcher reads any length."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:138-145, Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1484-1499, OSBindings/SDL/main.cpp:756-783"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Amiga (machine_name: "Amiga")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: Kickstart-v1.3-rev34.5-1987-Commodore-A500-A1000-A2000-CDTV.rom
    path: Amiga/Kickstart-v1.3-rev34.5-1987-Commodore-A500-A1000-A2000-CDTV.rom
    description: "A500/A1000/A2000/CDTV Kickstart 1.3 ROM"
    size: 262144
    crc32: "c4f0f55f"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:193-200"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Amstrad CPC (machine_name: "AmstradCPC")
  # Built into binary; external files override built-in copies
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: os464.rom
    path: AmstradCPC/os464.rom
    description: "CPC 464 firmware"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "815752df"
    required: false
    note: "Built into binary. Required for CPC 464 model."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:261-268, Machines/Utility/ROMLibrary.cpp:14535"

  - name: basic464.rom
    path: AmstradCPC/basic464.rom
    description: "CPC 464 BASIC ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "7d9a3bac"
    required: false
    note: "Built into binary. Required for CPC 464 model."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:269-276, Machines/Utility/ROMLibrary.cpp:14532"

  - name: os664.rom
    path: AmstradCPC/os664.rom
    description: "CPC 664 firmware"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "3f5a6dc4"
    required: false
    note: "Built into binary. Required for CPC 664 model."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:277-283, Machines/Utility/ROMLibrary.cpp:14537"

  - name: basic664.rom
    path: AmstradCPC/basic664.rom
    description: "CPC 664 BASIC ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "32fee492"
    required: false
    note: "Built into binary. Required for CPC 664 model."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:284-291, Machines/Utility/ROMLibrary.cpp:14534"

  - name: os6128.rom
    path: AmstradCPC/os6128.rom
    description: "CPC 6128 firmware"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "0219bb74"
    required: false
    note: "Built into binary. Required for CPC 6128 model."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:292-299, Machines/Utility/ROMLibrary.cpp:14536"

  - name: basic6128.rom
    path: AmstradCPC/basic6128.rom
    description: "CPC 6128 BASIC ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "ca6af63d"
    required: false
    note: "Built into binary. Required for CPC 6128 model."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:300-307, Machines/Utility/ROMLibrary.cpp:14533"

  - name: amsdos.rom
    path: AmstradCPC/amsdos.rom
    description: "Amstrad Disk Operating System"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "1fe22ecd"
    required: false
    note: "Built into binary. Needed for CPC 664/6128 disk support."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:253-260, Machines/Utility/ROMLibrary.cpp:14531"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Apple II (machine_name: "AppleII")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: apple2o.rom
    path: AppleII/apple2o.rom
    description: "Original Apple II ROM"
    size: 12288
    crc32: "ba210588"
    required: true
    note: "Required for original Apple II model"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:336-343"

  - name: apple2.rom
    path: AppleII/apple2.rom
    description: "Apple II+ ROM"
    size: 12288
    crc32: "f66f9c26"
    required: true
    note: "Required for Apple II+ model"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:328-335"

  - name: apple2eu.rom
    path: AppleII/apple2eu.rom
    description: "Apple IIe ROM"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "e12be18d"
    required: true
    note: "Required for Apple IIe model"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:320-327"

  - name: apple2e.rom
    path: AppleII/apple2e.rom
    description: "Enhanced Apple IIe ROM"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "65989942"
    required: true
    note: "Required for Enhanced IIe model"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:312-319"

  - name: apple2-character.rom
    path: AppleII/apple2-character.rom
    description: "Apple II/II+ character ROM"
    size: 2048
    crc32: "64f415c6"
    required: true
    note: "Required for Apple II and II+ models"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:344-351"

  - name: apple2eu-character.rom
    path: AppleII/apple2eu-character.rom
    description: "Apple IIe character ROM"
    size: 4096
    crc32: "816a86f1"
    required: true
    note: "Required for Apple IIe model"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:352-359"

  - name: apple2e-character.rom
    path: AppleII/apple2e-character.rom
    description: "Enhanced Apple IIe character ROM"
    size: 4096
    crc32: "2651014d"
    required: true
    note: "Required for Enhanced IIe model. Also used by Apple IIgs."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:360-367"

  - name: scsi.rom
    path: AppleII/scsi.rom
    description: "Apple II SCSI card ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "5aff85d3"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for SCSI controller"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:368-375"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Apple IIgs (machine_name: "AppleIIgs")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: apple2gs.rom
    path: AppleIIgs/apple2gs.rom
    description: "Apple IIgs ROM01"
    size: 131072
    crc32: "42f124b0"
    required: true
    note: "Required for ROM01 model"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:380-387"

  - name: apple2gs.rom2
    path: AppleIIgs/apple2gs.rom2
    description: "Apple IIgs ROM03"
    size: 262144
    crc32: "de7ddf29"
    required: true
    note: "Required for ROM03 model (default)"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:388-395"

  - name: apple2gs.chr
    path: AppleIIgs/apple2gs.chr
    description: "Apple IIgs character ROM"
    size: 4096
    crc32: "91e53cd8"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:396-403"

  - name: "341s0632-2"
    path: "AppleIIgs/341s0632-2"
    description: "Apple IIgs ROM03 ADB microcontroller ROM"
    size: 4096
    crc32: "e1c11fb0"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:404-411"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Atari ST (machine_name: "AtariST")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: tos100.img
    path: AtariST/tos100.img
    description: "UK TOS 1.00 ROM"
    size: 196608
    crc32: "1a586c64"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:416-423"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # ColecoVision (machine_name: "ColecoVision")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: coleco.rom
    path: ColecoVision/coleco.rom
    description: "ColecoVision BIOS"
    size: 8192
    crc32: "3aa93ef3"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:496-503"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Commodore 1540/1541 (machine_name: "Commodore1540")
  # Peripheral disk drive ROMs, used by VIC-20 and Plus/4
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: 1540.bin
    path: Commodore1540/1540.bin
    description: "Commodore 1540 floppy drive ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "718d42b1"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed when VIC-20 has 1540 drive"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:508-515"

  - name: 1541.bin
    path: Commodore1540/1541.bin
    description: "Commodore 1541 floppy drive ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "fb760019"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed when Plus/4 has 1541 drive"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:516-523"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Disk II (machine_name: "DiskII")
  # Peripheral ROMs, used by Apple II and Oric Pravetz
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: boot-16.rom
    path: DiskII/boot-16.rom
    description: "Disk II 16-sector boot ROM"
    size: 256
    crc32: "ce7144f6"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for 16-sector disk controller"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:528-535"

  - name: state-machine-16.rom
    path: DiskII/state-machine-16.rom
    description: "Disk II 16-sector state machine ROM"
    size: 256
    crc32: "b72a2c70"
    required: false
    note: >
      Conditional: needed for disk controller. Also used by Oric Pravetz. The
      catalogue accepts 9796a238 and b72a2c70, the same PROM in two byte orders.
      set_state_machine() takes an image whose first byte is 0x18 as already in
      Beneath Apple ProDOS order (b72a2c70) and only reorders its addresses; any
      other image is read as the unadulterated P6 PROM (9796a238), its address
      lines and the top nibble of each value remapped into that order. Both give
      the same internal table.
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:536-543, Components/DiskII/DiskII.cpp:187-239"

  - name: boot-13.rom
    path: DiskII/boot-13.rom
    description: "Disk II 13-sector boot ROM"
    size: 256
    crc32: "d34eb2ff"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for 13-sector disk controller"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:544-551"

  - name: state-machine-13.rom
    path: DiskII/state-machine-13.rom
    description: "Disk II 13-sector state machine ROM"
    size: 256
    crc32: "62e22620"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for 13-sector disk controller"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:552-559"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Enterprise 64/128 (machine_name: "Enterprise")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: exos10.bin
    path: Enterprise/exos10.bin
    description: "Enterprise EXOS ROM v1.0"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "30b26387"
    required: true
    aliases: ["Exos (198x)(Enterprise).bin"]
    note: "One EXOS version required. Selected by target or any available."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:600-607"

  - name: exos20.bin
    path: Enterprise/exos20.bin
    description: "Enterprise EXOS ROM v2.0"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "d421795f"
    required: true
    aliases: ["Expandible OS v2.0 (1984)(Intelligent Software).bin"]
    note: "Alternative EXOS version"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:611-618"

  - name: exos21.bin
    path: Enterprise/exos21.bin
    description: "Enterprise EXOS ROM v2.1"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "982a3b44"
    required: true
    aliases: ["Expandible OS v2.1 (1985)(Intelligent Software).bin"]
    note: "Alternative EXOS version"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:622-629"

  - name: exos23.bin
    path: Enterprise/exos23.bin
    description: "Enterprise EXOS ROM v2.3"
    size: 65536
    crc32: "24838410"
    required: true
    aliases: ["Expandible OS v2.3 (1987)(Intelligent Software).bin"]
    note: "Alternative EXOS version"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:633-640"

  - name: basic10.bin
    path: Enterprise/basic10.bin
    description: "Enterprise BASIC ROM v1.0"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "d62e4fb7"
    required: true
    note: "One BASIC version required. v1.0 single-file version."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:645-652"

  - name: "BASIC 1.0 - EPROM 1-2 (198x)(Enterprise).bin"
    path: "Enterprise/BASIC 1.0 - EPROM 1-2 (198x)(Enterprise).bin"
    description: "Enterprise BASIC ROM v1.0, Part 1"
    size: 8193
    crc32: "37bf48e1"
    required: false
    note: "Alternative: both parts needed together as substitute for basic10.bin"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:653-660"

  - name: "BASIC 1.0 - EPROM 2-2 (198x)(Enterprise).bin"
    path: "Enterprise/BASIC 1.0 - EPROM 2-2 (198x)(Enterprise).bin"
    description: "Enterprise BASIC ROM v1.0, Part 2"
    size: 8193
    crc32: "c5298c79"
    required: false
    note: "Alternative: both parts needed together as substitute for basic10.bin"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:661-668"

  - name: basic11.bin
    path: Enterprise/basic11.bin
    description: "Enterprise BASIC ROM v1.1"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "683cf455"
    required: true
    note: "Alternative BASIC version"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:669-676"

  - name: "BASIC 1.1 - EPROM 1.1 (198x)(Enterprise).bin"
    path: "Enterprise/BASIC 1.1 - EPROM 1.1 (198x)(Enterprise).bin"
    description: "Enterprise BASIC ROM v1.1, with trailing byte"
    size: 16385
    crc32: "c96b7602"
    required: false
    note: "Alternative format of BASIC v1.1 with trailing byte"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:677-684"

  - name: basic21.bin
    path: Enterprise/basic21.bin
    description: "Enterprise BASIC ROM v2.1"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "55f96251"
    required: true
    aliases:
      - "BASIC Interpreter v2.1 (1985)(Intelligent Software).bin"
      - "BASIC Interpreter v2.1 (1985)(Intelligent Software)[a].bin"
    note: "Alternative BASIC version"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:685-693"

  - name: epdos.bin
    path: Enterprise/epdos.bin
    description: "Enterprise EPDOS ROM"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "201319eb"
    required: false
    aliases: ["EPDOS v1.7 (19xx)(Haluska, Laszlo).bin"]
    note: "Conditional: needed for EPDOS disk interface"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:698-705"

  - name: exdos.bin
    path: Enterprise/exdos.bin
    description: "Enterprise EXDOS ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "e6daa0e9"
    required: false
    aliases: ["EX-DOS EPROM (198x)(Enterprise).bin"]
    note: "Conditional: needed when DOS is set to EXDOS"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:709-716"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Apple Macintosh (machine_name: "Macintosh")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: mac128k.rom
    path: Macintosh/mac128k.rom
    description: "Macintosh 128k ROM"
    size: 65536
    crc32: "6d0c8a28"
    required: true
    note: "Required for Macintosh 128k model"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:724-731"

  - name: mac512k.rom
    path: Macintosh/mac512k.rom
    description: "Macintosh 512k ROM"
    size: 65536
    crc32: "cf759e0d"
    required: true
    note: "Required for Macintosh 512k model"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:732-739"

  - name: macplus.rom
    path: Macintosh/macplus.rom
    description: "Macintosh Plus ROM"
    size: 131072
    crc32: "b2102e8e"
    required: true
    note: >
      Required for Macintosh 512ke and Plus models. The catalogue accepts three
      images, 4fa5b399, 7cacd18f and b2102e8e; b2102e8e carries the ROM
      checksum 4D1F8172 of the third Mac Plus revision. The
      machine copies whichever is supplied into its 128 KiB ROM without
      reading the revision.
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:740-751, Machines/Apple/Macintosh/Macintosh.cpp:127-144"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Master System (machine_name: "MasterSystem")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: bios.sms
    path: MasterSystem/bios.sms
    description: "European/US Master System BIOS"
    region: [north-america, europe]
    size: 8192
    crc32: "0072ed54"
    required: false
    note: "Optional. Boots cartridge directly if absent."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:764-771"

  - name: japanese-bios.sms
    path: MasterSystem/japanese-bios.sms
    description: "Japanese Master System BIOS"
    region: [japan]
    size: 8192
    crc32: "48d44a13"
    required: false
    note: "Optional. Used for Japan region. Boots without if absent."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:756-763"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # MSX (machine_name: "MSX")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: msx.rom
    aliases: [MSX.ROM]
    path: MSX/MSX.ROM
    description: "Generic MSX BIOS"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "94ee12f3"
    required: true
    note: "Required for MSX1. Region bytes patched in memory if regional BIOS absent."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:777-784"

  - name: msx-japanese.rom
    path: MSX/msx-japanese.rom
    description: "Japanese MSX BIOS"
    region: [japan]
    size: 32768
    crc32: "ee229390"
    required: false
    note: "Alternative to msx.rom for Japanese region"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:785-792"

  - name: msx-american.rom
    path: MSX/msx-american.rom
    description: "American MSX BIOS"
    region: [north-america]
    size: 32768
    required: false
    note: "Alternative to msx.rom for American region"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:793-800"

  - name: msx-european.rom
    path: MSX/msx-european.rom
    description: "European MSX BIOS"
    region: [europe]
    size: 32768
    required: false
    note: "Alternative to msx.rom for European region"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:801-808"

  - name: disk.rom
    path: MSX/disk.rom
    description: "MSX-DOS ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "721f61df"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for disk drive support"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:809-816"

  - name: msx2.rom
    aliases: [MSX2.ROM]
    path: MSX/MSX2.ROM
    description: "Generic MSX2 BIOS"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "6cdaf3a5"
    required: true
    note: "Required for MSX2"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:818-825"

  - name: msx2ext.rom
    aliases: [MSX2EXT.ROM]
    path: MSX/MSX2EXT.ROM
    description: "MSX2 extension ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "66237ecf"
    required: true
    note: "Required for MSX2"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:826-833"

  - name: fmpac.rom
    path: MSX/fmpac.rom
    description: "MSX-MUSIC / FM-PAC ROM"
    size: 65536
    crc32: "0e84505d"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for MSX-Music support"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:834-841"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Oric (machine_name: "Oric")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: basic10.rom
    path: Oric/basic10.rom
    description: "Oric BASIC 1.0"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "f18710b4"
    required: true
    note: "Required for Oric-1 model"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:870-877"

  - name: basic11.rom
    path: Oric/basic11.rom
    description: "Oric BASIC 1.1"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "c3a92bef"
    required: true
    note: "Required for Oric Atmos model"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:878-885"

  - name: pravetz.rom
    path: Oric/pravetz.rom
    description: "Pravetz BASIC"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "58079502"
    required: true
    note: "Required for Pravetz 8D model"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:886-893"

  - name: colour.rom
    path: Oric/colour.rom
    description: "Oric colour ROM (128-byte version)"
    size: 128
    crc32: "d50fca65"
    required: false
    note: "Optional. Enables colour video output."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:846-853"

  - name: ORIC.PAL-PROM-TBP24S10-1ab9b572.bin
    path: Oric/ORIC.PAL-PROM-TBP24S10-1ab9b572.bin
    description: "Oric colour ROM (256-byte version)"
    size: 256
    crc32: "1ab9b572"
    required: false
    note: "Optional. Alternative colour ROM."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:854-861"

  - name: PRAVETZ-8D.PAL-PROM-82S129-1576a69b.bin
    path: Oric/PRAVETZ-8D.PAL-PROM-82S129-1576a69b.bin
    description: "Pravetz 8D colour ROM"
    size: 256
    crc32: "1576a69b"
    required: false
    note: "Optional. Colour ROM for Pravetz model."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:862-869"

  - name: bd500.rom
    path: Oric/bd500.rom
    description: "Oric Byte Drive 500 ROM"
    size: 8192
    crc32: "61952e34"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for Byte Drive 500 disk interface"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:894-901"

  - name: jasmin.rom
    path: Oric/jasmin.rom
    description: "Oric Jasmin ROM"
    size: 2048
    crc32: "37220e89"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for Jasmin disk interface"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:902-909"

  - name: microdisc.rom
    path: Oric/microdisc.rom
    description: "Oric Microdisc ROM"
    size: 8192
    crc32: "a9664a9c"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for Microdisc disk interface"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:910-917"

  - name: 8dos.rom
    path: Oric/8dos.rom
    description: "8DOS boot ROM"
    size: 512
    crc32: "49a74c06"
    required: false
    note: "Conditional: needed for Pravetz 8-DOS disk interface"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:918-925"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # PC Compatible (machine_name: "PCCompatible")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: GLABIOS_0.2.5_8T.ROM
    path: PCCompatible/GLABIOS_0.2.5_8T.ROM
    description: "8088 GLaBIOS 0.2.5"
    size: 8192
    crc32: "9576944c"
    required: true
    note: "Required for XT-class emulation"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:930-937"

  - name: GLaTICK_0.8.5_AT.ROM
    path: PCCompatible/GLaTICK_0.8.5_AT.ROM
    description: "AT GLaTICK 0.8.5 RTC option ROM"
    size: 2048
    crc32: "371ea3f1"
    required: false
    note: "XT-class RTC option ROM"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:938-945"

  - name: "Phoenix 80286 ROM BIOS Version 3.05.bin"
    path: "PCCompatible/Phoenix 80286 ROM BIOS Version 3.05.bin"
    description: "Phoenix 80286 BIOS 3.05"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "8d0d318a"
    required: true
    note: "Required for AT-class emulation (alternative to IBM AT BIOS)"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:946-953"

  - name: at-bios.bin
    path: PCCompatible/at-bios.bin
    description: "IBM PC AT BIOS v3"
    size: 65536
    crc32: "674426be"
    required: true
    note: "AT-class: single-file IBM AT BIOS (alternative to split U27/U47)"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:954-961"

  - name: BIOS_5170_15NOV85_U27_61X9266_27256.BIN
    path: PCCompatible/BIOS_5170_15NOV85_U27_61X9266_27256.BIN
    description: "IBM PC AT BIOS, Nov 1985, U27 chip"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "4995be7a"
    required: false
    note: "AT-class: split BIOS, used with U47 chip"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:962-969"

  - name: BIOS_5170_15NOV85_U47_61X9265_27256.BIN
    path: PCCompatible/BIOS_5170_15NOV85_U47_61X9265_27256.BIN
    description: "IBM PC AT BIOS, Nov 1985, U47 chip"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "c32713e4"
    required: false
    note: "AT-class: split BIOS, used with U27 chip"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:970-977"

  - name: CGA.F08
    path: PCCompatible/CGA.F08
    description: "IBM CGA font"
    size: 2048
    crc32: "a362ffe6"
    required: true
    note: "Required for CGA video adapter"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:978-985"

  - name: EUMDA9.F14
    path: PCCompatible/EUMDA9.F14
    description: "IBM MDA font"
    size: 3584
    crc32: "7754882a"
    required: true
    note: "Required for MDA video adapter"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:986-993"

  - name: ibm_6277356_ega_card_u44_27128.bin
    path: PCCompatible/ibm_6277356_ega_card_u44_27128.bin
    description: "IBM EGA BIOS"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "2f2fbc40"
    required: false
    note: "Needed for EGA video adapter"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:994-1001"

  - name: ibm_vga.bin
    path: PCCompatible/ibm_vga.bin
    description: "IBM VGA BIOS"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "03b3f90d"
    required: false
    note: "Needed for VGA video adapter"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1002-1009"

  - name: ibm-basic-1.10.rom
    path: PCCompatible/ibm-basic-1.10.rom
    description: "IBM ROM BASIC 1.10"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "ebacb791"
    required: false
    note: "Required for AT-class with IBM BIOS (not needed with Phoenix)"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1010-1017"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Commodore Plus/4 (machine_name: "Plus4")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: basic.318006-01.bin
    path: Plus4/basic.318006-01.bin
    description: "C16+4 BASIC ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "74eaae87"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1046-1053"

  - name: kernal.318004-05.bin
    path: Plus4/kernal.318004-05.bin
    description: "C16+4 kernel, PAL-G revision 5"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "71c07bd4"
    required: true
    note: "Default kernel version requested by machine code"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1038-1045"

  - name: kernal.318004-03.bin
    path: Plus4/kernal.318004-03.bin
    description: "C16+4 kernel, PAL-G revision 3"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "77bab934"
    required: false
    note: "Alternative kernel version (in catalogue but not default)"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1022-1029"

  - name: kernal.318004-04.bin
    path: Plus4/kernal.318004-04.bin
    description: "C16+4 kernel, PAL-G revision 4"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "be54ed79"
    required: false
    note: "Alternative kernel version (in catalogue but not default)"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1030-1037"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Thomson MO5 (machine_name: "Thomson")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: mo5-v1.0.rom
    path: Thomson/mo5-v1.0.rom
    description: "Thomson MO5 ROM, version 1"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "f62d2f3a"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1157-1164"

  - name: mo5-v1.1.rom
    path: Thomson/mo5-v1.1.rom
    description: "Thomson MO5 ROM, version 1.1"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "237c60bf"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1165-1172"

  - name: mo6-v1.rom
    path: Thomson/mo6-v1.rom
    description: "Thomson MO6 ROM, version 1"
    size: 65536
    crc32: "45e859c6"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1173-1180"

  - name: mo6-v2.rom
    path: Thomson/mo6-v2.rom
    description: "Thomson MO6 ROM, version 2"
    size: 65536
    crc32: "b4430a3b"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1181-1188"

  - name: mo6-v3.rom
    path: Thomson/mo6-v3.rom
    description: "Thomson MO6 ROM, version 3"
    size: 65536
    crc32: "7a012322"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1189-1196"

  - name: pc128.rom
    path: Thomson/pc128.rom
    description: "Olivetti Prodest PC128 ROM"
    size: 65536
    crc32: "fc173504"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1197-1204"

  - name: cd90-640.rom
    path: Thomson/cd90-640.rom
    description: "Thomson CD90-640 floppy controller ROM"
    size: 1984
    crc32: "5114c0a5"
    required: false
    note: "Requested on top of the machine ROM when a disk is attached."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1206-1213"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Commodore VIC-20 (machine_name: "Vic20")
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: basic.bin
    path: Vic20/basic.bin
    description: "VIC-20 BASIC ROM"
    size: 8192
    crc32: "db4c43c1"
    required: true
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1218-1225"

  - name: characters-english.bin
    path: Vic20/characters-english.bin
    description: "English-language VIC-20 character ROM"
    region: [north-america, europe]
    size: 4096
    crc32: "83e032a6"
    required: true
    note: "Required for English region"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1226-1233"

  - name: kernel-pal.bin
    path: Vic20/kernel-pal.bin
    description: "English-language PAL VIC-20 kernel ROM"
    region: [europe]
    size: 8192
    crc32: "4be07cb4"
    required: true
    note: "Required for English PAL region"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1234-1241"

  - name: kernel-ntsc.bin
    path: Vic20/kernel-ntsc.bin
    description: "English-language NTSC VIC-20 kernel ROM"
    region: [north-america]
    size: 8192
    crc32: "e5e7c174"
    required: true
    note: "Required for English NTSC region"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1242-1249"

  - name: characters-danish.bin
    path: Vic20/characters-danish.bin
    description: "Danish VIC-20 character ROM"
    region: [denmark]
    size: 4096
    crc32: "7fc11454"
    required: false
    note: "Required for Danish region"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1250-1257"

  - name: kernel-danish.bin
    path: Vic20/kernel-danish.bin
    description: "Danish VIC-20 kernel ROM"
    region: [denmark]
    size: 8192
    crc32: "02adaf16"
    required: false
    note: "Required for Danish region"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1258-1265"

  - name: characters-japanese.bin
    path: Vic20/characters-japanese.bin
    description: "Japanese VIC-20 character ROM"
    region: [japan]
    size: 4096
    crc32: "fcfd8a4b"
    required: false
    note: "Required for Japanese region"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1266-1273"

  - name: kernel-japanese.bin
    path: Vic20/kernel-japanese.bin
    description: "Japanese VIC-20 kernel ROM"
    region: [japan]
    size: 8192
    crc32: "336900d7"
    required: false
    note: "Required for Japanese region"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1274-1281"

  - name: characters-swedish.bin
    path: Vic20/characters-swedish.bin
    description: "Swedish VIC-20 character ROM"
    region: [sweden]
    size: 4096
    crc32: "d808551d"
    required: false
    note: "Required for Swedish region"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1282-1289"

  - name: kernel-swedish.bin
    path: Vic20/kernel-swedish.bin
    description: "Swedish VIC-20 kernel ROM"
    region: [sweden]
    size: 8192
    crc32: "b2a60662"
    required: false
    note: "Required for Swedish region"
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1290-1297"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Sinclair ZX Spectrum (machine_name: "ZXSpectrum")
  # Built into binary; external files override built-in copies
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: 48.rom
    path: ZXSpectrum/48.rom
    description: "ZX Spectrum 48K ROM"
    size: 16384
    crc32: "ddee531f"
    required: false
    note: "Built into binary. Required for 16K/48K model."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1302-1309, Machines/Utility/ROMLibrary.cpp:14539"

  - name: 128.rom
    path: ZXSpectrum/128.rom
    description: "ZX Spectrum 128K ROM"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "2cbe8995"
    required: false
    note: "Built into binary. Required for 128K model."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1310-1317, Machines/Utility/ROMLibrary.cpp:14540"

  - name: plus2.rom
    path: ZXSpectrum/plus2.rom
    description: "ZX Spectrum +2 ROM"
    size: 32768
    crc32: "e7a517dc"
    required: false
    note: "Built into binary. Required for +2 model."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1318-1325, Machines/Utility/ROMLibrary.cpp:14541"

  - name: plus3.rom
    path: ZXSpectrum/plus3.rom
    description: "ZX Spectrum +2a/+3 ROM"
    size: 65536
    crc32: "96e3c17a"
    required: false
    note: "Built into binary. Required for +2a/+3 model."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1326-1336, Machines/Utility/ROMLibrary.cpp:14542"

  # -------------------------------------------------------
  # Sinclair ZX80/ZX81 (machine_name: "ZX8081")
  # Built into binary; external files override built-in copies
  # -------------------------------------------------------
  - name: zx80.rom
    path: ZX8081/zx80.rom
    description: "ZX80 BASIC ROM"
    size: 4096
    crc32: "4c7fc597"
    required: false
    note: "Built into binary. Required for ZX80 model."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1341-1348, Machines/Utility/ROMLibrary.cpp:14544"

  - name: zx81.rom
    path: ZX8081/zx81.rom
    description: "ZX81 BASIC ROM"
    size: 8192
    crc32: "4b1dd6eb"
    required: false
    note: "Built into binary. Required for ZX81 model."
    source_ref: "Machines/Utility/ROMCatalogue.cpp:1349-1356, Machines/Utility/ROMLibrary.cpp:14545"