emulator: Frodo
type: libretro
core_classification: community_fork
cores: [frodo]
source: "https://github.com/libretro/frodo-libretro"
upstream: "https://github.com/cebix/frodo4"
profiled_date: "2026-03-23"
core_version: "v4.2"
display_name: "Commodore - C64 (Frodo)"
systems: [commodore-c64]

notes: |
  Frodo is a Commodore 64 emulator by Christian Bauer (Frodo V4.2), ported
  to libretro. It emulates the C64 (MOS 6510, VIC-II, SID, CIA x2) and an
  optional 1541 floppy drive.

  All four ROMs are embedded directly in the core binary as compiled-in
  byte arrays (Basic_ROM.h, Kernal_ROM.h, Char_ROM.h, 1541_ROM.h). No
  external BIOS files are required for normal operation.

  The core attempts to load external ROM files from the current working
  directory (DATADIR is empty in the libretro build) at startup via
  load_rom_files() in main.cpp. If any file fails to open or has the wrong
  size, the embedded ROM is used as fallback via memcpy(). The filenames
  are hardcoded with spaces, no subdirectory prefix.

  ROM loading order in load_rom_files():
  1. "Basic ROM"  (8192 bytes, BASIC_ROM_SIZE 0x2000) -> TheC64->Basic
  2. "Kernal ROM" (8192 bytes, KERNAL_ROM_SIZE 0x2000) -> TheC64->Kernal
  3. "Char ROM"   (4096 bytes, CHAR_ROM_SIZE 0x1000) -> TheC64->Char
  4. "1541 ROM"   (16384 bytes, DRIVE_ROM_SIZE 0x4000) -> TheC64->ROM1541

  The core does NOT construct paths relative to retro_system_directory for
  ROM loading. The system directory variable is fetched in retro_init() but
  only used for the save directory fallback, not for ROM path construction.
  DATADIR defaults to "" (empty string) when not defined by the build
  system, so the filenames resolve to bare names in the cwd. In practice,
  the external ROM loading path is effectively unused in the libretro build
  since the cwd is unpredictable and the filenames contain spaces.

  The Kernal ROM is patched at runtime by PatchKernal() in C64.cpp for
  fast reset (addresses 0x1D84-0x1D85) and IEC bus replacement when 1541
  processor emulation is enabled (multiple addresses in the 0x0D00-0x0E00
  range are patched with 0xF2 trap opcodes).

  The 1541 drive ROM is also patched in PatchKernal(): ROM checksum
  verification is disabled (0x2AE4-0x2AE9 NOPed), DOS idle loop is
  trapped (0x2C9B), and write sector / format track operations are
  intercepted (0x3594-0x3598, 0x3B0C-0x3B0D).

  Source: Src/main.cpp:67-115 (ROM defines, load_rom, load_rom_files),
  Src/C64.h:33-37 (ROM size constants), Src/C64.cpp:221-285 (PatchKernal),
  Src/C64.cpp:734-746 (Run init, saves original kernal bytes, calls PatchKernal),
  Src/Basic_ROM.h, Src/Kernal_ROM.h, Src/Char_ROM.h, Src/1541_ROM.h
  (embedded ROM arrays)

files:
  - name: "Basic ROM"
    system: commodore-c64
    description: "C64 BASIC V2 ROM"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
    size: 8192
    note: "Embedded as builtin_basic_rom[] in Basic_ROM.h. External file never loaded in practice (DATADIR is empty, path is bare filename in cwd)."
    source_ref: "Src/main.cpp:71,77,100-102"

  - name: "Kernal ROM"
    system: commodore-c64
    description: "C64 Kernal ROM"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
    size: 8192
    note: "Embedded as builtin_kernal_rom[] in Kernal_ROM.h. Patched at runtime for fast reset and 1541 IEC traps."
    source_ref: "Src/main.cpp:72,78,104-106"

  - name: "Char ROM"
    system: commodore-c64
    description: "C64 Character Generator ROM"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
    size: 4096
    note: "Embedded as builtin_char_rom[] in Char_ROM.h. Used by VIC-II for text/bitmap rendering."
    source_ref: "Src/main.cpp:73,79,108-110"

  - name: "1541 ROM"
    system: commodore-c64
    description: "Commodore 1541 floppy drive ROM"
    required: false
    hle_fallback: true
    size: 16384
    note: "Embedded as builtin_drive_rom[] in 1541_ROM.h. Patched at runtime to disable checksum and trap disk I/O."
    source_ref: "Src/main.cpp:74,80,112-114"