emulator: EightyOne
type: standalone + libretro
core_classification: community_fork
source: "https://github.com/libretro/81-libretro"
upstream: "https://github.com/charlierobson/EightyOne"
profiled_date: "2026-03-22"
core_version: "1.0a"
display_name: "Sinclair - ZX 81 (EightyOne)"
cores: [81]
systems:
  - sinclair-zx81
  - sinclair-zx80
  - sinclair-zx-spectrum
  - jupiter-ace
  - timex-ts1500
  - timex-tc2048
  - timex-ts2068
  - lambda-8300
  - ringo-r470
  - microdigital-tk85

notes: |
  Libretro port embeds zx81.rom and dkchr.rom as C arrays (xxd -i).
  Core never accesses filesystem for ROMs. Hardcodes MACHINEZX81.
  ref: 81-libretro/81/zx81/snap.c:487-508, src/libretro.cpp:393

  Original EightyOne supports 15+ machines, loads ROMs from ROM/ directory.
  ref: EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:309, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2734

  .info has no firmware declarations (firmware_count absent).

files:
  # --- Machine ROMs ---
  # All mode: standalone — libretro core embeds what it needs

  # ZX81 (default machine for both libretro and standalone)
  - name: zx81.edition3.rom
    aliases: [zx81.rom]
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: true
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: db398d4e4e93a6d4dee3bfe146918219
    validation: [crc32]
    note: "ZX81 8K BASIC ROM (edition 3, default). Embedded in libretro core as zx81.rom."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:260, 81-libretro/81/zx81/snap.c:489"
  - name: zx81.edition1.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: 56efa70bbaf311915c56cfdc70584e96
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2747"
  - name: zx81.edition2.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: b9fd58d324b6297f2a696d40722f95dc
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2748"

  # ZX80
  - name: zx80.rom
    system: sinclair-zx80
    required: true
    mode: standalone
    size: 4096
    md5: e03bd725f98be45aac39c85f7fd41ce4
    validation: [crc32]
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:259, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2741"

  # ZX97LE
  - name: zx97.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 32768
    md5: cc69fdd6195acdfd1e533b2eb4c2a632
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:281, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2792"

  # Jupiter ACE
  - name: jupiterace.rom
    system: jupiter-ace
    required: true
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: db6efdfd82cebdfbb493d85b1a5efc3c
    validation: [crc32]
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:279, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2787"

  # Timex TS1500
  - name: ts1500.rom
    system: timex-ts1500
    required: true
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: dea07eb23c5768ddf3ed90740eab85cb
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:271, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2764"

  # Timex TS2068
  - name: ts2068.rom
    system: timex-ts2068
    required: true
    mode: standalone
    size: 24576
    md5: 9194283503a105f3f3dfba13e61e993f
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:274-275, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2884-2886"

  # Lambda 8300
  - name: lambda8300colour.rom
    system: lambda-8300
    required: true
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: 03aeea3abc7b1ca5f241935477ce71be
    note: "Lambda 8300 colour version (default ROM for Lambda machine)."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:276, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2771"
  - name: lambda8300.rom
    system: lambda-8300
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: e232dfce1dcae65953583f66af146232
    note: "Lambda 8300 non-colour version (alternative)."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2770"
  - name: lambda8300characterset.bin
    system: lambda-8300
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 512
    md5: be906890c4bf42dd99f1a3bcb6003647
    note: "Lambda 8300 external font. Loaded when extfont is enabled."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:312"

  # Ringo R470
  - name: ringo470.rom
    system: ringo-r470
    required: true
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: a70bbb0dfe4bb8556e74258062766f5d
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:277, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2777"

  # Microdigital TK85
  - name: tk85.rom
    system: microdigital-tk85
    required: true
    mode: standalone
    size: 10240
    md5: b301cdad72448d92598197b45bead8fe
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:278, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2782"

  # Timex TC2048
  - name: tc2048.rom
    system: timex-tc2048
    required: true
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: 9dd7ecf784a6c04265c073c236f5fadb
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:272, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2874-2876"

  # --- Graphics board ROMs ---
  # Loaded by zx81_initialise() when corresponding hardware is selected

  - name: dktronicsgraphics.rom
    aliases: [dkchr.rom]
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 4096
    md5: 5cba3a306fbb94454811ba262b27c958
    note: "dK'tronics character ROM. Embedded in libretro core as dkchr.rom."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:316, EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:195-196"
  - name: kaydegraphics.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 4096
    md5: 4944facea84bea43f4495eaca19006d0
    note: "Kayde character ROM."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:320, EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:197-198"
  - name: memotechhrg.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 2048
    md5: 70320cad0ab528e62dcc2ca847870995
    note: "Memotech HRG ROM."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:334, EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:201-202"
  - name: quicksilvahires.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 2048
    md5: 1e7408a9a6d329751acc9d0810fd633d
    note: "Quicksilva Hi-Res ROM."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:338, EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:203-204"
  - name: g007hrg.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 2048
    md5: 7f59a979b1332a168d2efbc971ce1df0
    note: "G007 HRG ROM."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:343, EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:199-200"

  # --- Interface ROMs ---
  # Loaded by zx81_initialise() when corresponding hardware is selected

  - name: z80assembler.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 4096
    md5: b1581a2fcf4e5083d5fd92a1da373efa
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:348, EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:206"
  - name: memocalc.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 4096
    md5: fae8c8cd2cef2ca6b72be5b1cd8509d8
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:352, EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:207-208"

  # --- FDC ROMs ---
  # Loaded by zx81_initialise() (larken81) or spec48_initialise() (others)

  - name: larken81.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 2048
    md5: dec8c7f864c209db4defcfbe0774e220
    note: "Larken 81 floppy controller ROM."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:361, EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:171-172"
  - name: interface1.edition2.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: 31b704ae925305e74f50699271fddd9a
    note: "ZX Interface 1 ROM (default edition 2)."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:174-175"
  - name: interface1.edition1.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: 5c11c61a2dd2ca4bf39328d9ff42d289
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/ROMs/FDCs/interface1.edition1.rom"
  - name: "+d.g+dos.v1-a.rom"
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: 42e5de16fb5e50082bb954ec7ce45851
    note: "Plus D G+DOS ROM (default v1-a)."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:163-164"
  - name: disciple.gdos.v3.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: 2b0c5e2fa87e0b641bdb26634faea234
    note: "DISCiPLE GDOS ROM v3."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:165-166"
  - name: discovery.v2-22.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: 3beeddbf0aa716b7aba7deec2bfb3028
    note: "Opus Discovery DOS ROM (default v2-22)."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:167-168"
  - name: beta128.trdos.v5-03.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: 0da70a5d2a0e733398e005b96b7e4ba6
    note: "Beta 128 TR-DOS ROM (default v5-03)."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:169-170"

  # --- IDE ROMs ---
  # Loaded by zx81_initialise() (mwcfide) or spec48 peripherals (others)

  - name: mwcfide.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 14648
    md5: d02ed1b39669c9b163f1fa2b1ffb41ee
    note: "MWCF IDE ROM."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:381, EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:183-184"
  - name: zxcflba.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: e518c0736cb4ce0484ac8091f5ea3e01
    note: "ZXCF CompactFlash IDE ROM."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:181-182"
  - name: zx8blbs.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: d8f203d2bebfe57d725b0d1067f3b92d
    note: "Simple 8-bit IDE ROM."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:177-178"
  - name: zxidelbs.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: 6cfbf044b8f435b7f70eae37d9ee5c28
    note: "Simple 16-bit IDE ROM."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:179-180"

  # --- Spectrum peripheral ROMs ---
  # Loaded by spec48_initialise() or Spectrum peripheral code

  - name: uspeech.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 2048
    md5: 052f6af718337e35e76693723e1d73e3
    note: "Currah uSpeech ROM."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/Spectrum/spec48.cpp:344, EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:186-187"
  - name: usource.rom
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: ebe1490920cbb62bde7282ae24928d95
    note: "Currah uSource ROM."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/Spectrum/spec48.cpp:350, EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:188-189"
  - name: multiface128.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: c420ef03f6e0c477d9474efe3441a556
    note: "Multiface 128 ROM."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:190-191"
  - name: multiface3.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: afe2218c3a6a43f1854fe824424d4167
    note: "Multiface 3 ROM."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:192-193"

  # --- Digitalker speech ROMs ---
  # Loaded by Digitalk::Init() when Digitalker speech is selected

  - name: SSR1.bin
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: 864beefecf0021fa6b0f5a5aff55c167
    note: "Digitalker speech ROM bank 1a."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/Digitalker/Digitalkdrv.cpp:40-45"
  - name: SSR2.bin
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: d3924ecc0efda0a58c4bda43044061e4
    note: "Digitalker speech ROM bank 1b."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/Digitalker/Digitalkdrv.cpp:49-54"
  - name: SSR5.bin
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: dd2793938c50217c0e5e8aef75b98856
    note: "Digitalker speech ROM bank 2a."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/Digitalker/Digitalkdrv.cpp:58-63"
  - name: SSR6.bin
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: 5d6ee8cdf1b12816c4f152b5a1e13977
    note: "Digitalker speech ROM bank 2b."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/Digitalker/Digitalkdrv.cpp:67-72"

  # --- ZXpand overlay ROMs (standalone only) ---
  # Loaded when ZXpand SD card interface is enabled

  - name: zx81.zxpand.ovl
    system: sinclair-zx81
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: 49b1bd3485d080bb242e94fd698f028d
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:298-303"
  - name: zx80.zxpand.ovl
    system: sinclair-zx80
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: 37cea5c1e7144de898a7dc4b102fb7fd
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:304-305"
  - name: ts1500.zxpand.ovl
    system: timex-ts1500
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 8192
    md5: 49b1bd3485d080bb242e94fd698f028d
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81/zx81.cpp:298-303"

  # --- ZX Spectrum machine ROMs (standalone mode) ---

  - name: spectrum48.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: 4c42a2f075212361c3117015b107ff68
    note: "Spectrum 48K."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:261-263, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2800-2807"
  - name: spectrum48.spanish.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: 60e1bd8b4d59b55e5b2175126239517f
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2812"
  - name: spectrum48.arabic.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: 9f6f56003307b9d55be96f406fdbf2b1
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/ROMs/spectrum48.arabic.rom"
  - name: spectrum48.arabic.version1.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: a6a1e3a68bb5523997103c3925a46fe4
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2813,2820"
  - name: spectrum48.arabic.version2.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: fac3d08455328c34f0d06344d89cec0e
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2828,2837"
  - name: spectrum48.nordic.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: f058f27ae61af225fe5baacc1d89adfc
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2806"
  - name: spectrum128.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 32768
    md5: 85fede415f4294cc777517d7eada482e
    note: "Spectrum 128K."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:264, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2817-2821"
  - name: spectrum128.spanish.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 32768
    md5: 84aef735da122d55e41a33455c7c3506
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2819"
  - name: spectrum+2.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 32768
    md5: 238f77692156a5c49d20c0aa2862e8bb
    note: "Spectrum +2."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:266, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2824-2829"
  - name: spectrum+2.french.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 32768
    md5: 1fff14aeca8e1dd3670142982cc6bb36
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2826"
  - name: spectrum+2.spanish.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 32768
    md5: 43cf648e27efc9be8186bb7049505d79
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2827"
  - name: spectrum+3.version4-0.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 65536
    md5: 05de80a055b5e7866f55769db0584d6e
    note: "Spectrum +3."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2833,2854"
  - name: spectrum+3.version4-0.spanish.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 65536
    md5: 990dfe9d37b48595f5befe0e4ff4b7c6
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2835,2856"
  - name: spectrum+3.version4-1.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 65536
    md5: 7e00ed3562abfd188d0d4da03e80bc0a
    note: "Spectrum +3 (default for +2A and +3)."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/zx81config.cpp:267-268, EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2834,2855"
  - name: spectrum+3.version4-1.spanish.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 65536
    md5: 52d130178c1106fef765b5f119fb43bc
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2836,2857"
  - name: spectrum+3.arabic3-a.english4-0.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 131072
    md5: 30316fa0ed7ee6682933960e11b48d60
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/HW_.cpp:2858"
  - name: tk90.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: b7893ad25728fbf6410f08eddd4a1cad
    note: "Microdigital TK90X (Spectrum clone)."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/ROMs/tk90.rom"
  - name: tk95.rom
    system: sinclair-zx-spectrum
    required: false
    mode: standalone
    size: 16384
    md5: b7893ad25728fbf6410f08eddd4a1cad
    note: "Microdigital TK95 (Spectrum clone)."
    source_ref: "EightyOne/Source/ROMs/tk95.rom"