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libretro/wiki/measurements.md
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Abdessamad Derraz 43562cbebe docs: explain bios_used and the offline rejudge
The tools page lists the load and fallback lines each core's BIOS is read from, and core_probe rejudge. The method page says a game can work on the emulator's own BIOS.
2026-10-28 05:23:56 +01:00

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---
level: reference
order: 70
group: Data
terms: measurement, benchmark, tested, core probe, real conditions, method
---
# How emulators are tested
Some pages say what an emulator does with a file. Where we ran it to check,
the emulator's page shows a **Tested** block. Every result is on the
[Measurements](../measurements.md) page.
## What a test does
- A script runs the emulator with no window and no sound.
- It starts a game and runs it for a set time, at least twice.
- It compares the screens with ones we checked by eye.
## Your BIOS folder { #packs }
We also test the files as you install them, for RetroArch, Batocera and
RetroBat, then start a game. The setup's page shows the result under **Tested**.
## What a result says
| Result | Meaning |
|--------|---------|
| works | the game reached a screen it shows when it works |
| works on its built-in BIOS | it worked, but the emulator refused the file and ran its own BIOS |
| BIOS error | the emulator said a BIOS is missing or wrong |
| crash | the emulator stopped |
| hang | the screen stayed blank, or the run never ended |
| unknown | none of these could be shown |
| no verdict | an older test that only compared screens |
| ms per frame | a speed test |
## How a file is proven
The game runs with no BIOS and with the BIOS alone. Then it runs with a wrong
file under the BIOS name: zeros, half the file, or another region's BIOS.
- **Required**: no BIOS fails, the BIOS alone works.
- **Built-in stand-in**: no BIOS still works.
- **Checked**: a wrong file is refused.
## When tests run
A maintainer starts a test run. A clear result updates the emulator's page.
Anything else waits on the [Measurements](../measurements.md) page for someone
to read the code.
## What a result keeps
Each result names its method, the computer it ran on and the exact build of
the emulator. Its inputs are kept by fingerprint. A result holds for that
build and those inputs only.
A speed figure depends on the computer and how busy it was. It is never
shown without them.
## Where results are kept
Each result is a full record in the
[`measurements/`](https://github.com/Abdess/retrobios/tree/main/measurements)
folder of this project. A record is never changed once added. A new run is
added beside it, and a correction names the record it replaces.
The results so far ran on these computers:
<!-- measurements-hosts -->